Francisco Zúñiga
José Jesús Francisco Zúñiga Chavarría (December 27, 1912 – August 9, 1998[1]) was a Costa Rican-born Mexican artist, known both for his painting and his sculpture.[2] Journalist Fernando González Gortázar lists Zúñiga as one of the 100 most notable Mexicans of the 20th century,[3] while the Encyclopædia Britannica calls him "perhaps the best sculptor" of the Mexican political modern style.[4]
Biography
Zúñiga was born in Guadalupe, Barrio de San José, Costa Rica on December 27, 1912, to Manuel Maria Zúñiga and María Chavarría, both sculptors. His father worked as a sculptor of religious figures, and in stone work. His artistic inclinations began early and by the age of twelve had already read books on the history of art, artistic anatomy and the life of various Renaissance painters. At age fifteen he began working in his father's shop. This experience sensitized him to shape and spaces.
Zúñiga's painting and sculpting work began receiving recognition in 1929.[6] His first stone sculpture won second prize at the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes. In the following two years continued to win top prizes at this event. This work made critics recommend him for study abroad.[5] He won first prize in a 1935 Latin American sculpture competition, the Salón de Escultura en Costa Rica, for his stone sculpture La maternidad,[8] but the work caused controversy and the government rescinded its award.[5] In the 1930s, he began to research pre Hispanic art and its importance to contemporary Latin American art, as well as what was happening artistically in Mexico.[6] The scholarship never materialized so various colleagues organized his first individual exhibition in Costa Rica. The earnings from this endeavor earned his passage to Mexico City.[5] In 1936 he immigrated to Mexico permanently.[9][10]
In the capital, his first contact with
In the 1940s, the
In 1947, he married Elena Laborde, a painting student. They had three children, Ariel, Javier and Marcela.[5]
In 1949, he was part of the founding board of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, and in 1951, he joined the Frente Nacional de Artes Plástica of Francisco Goitia .[5]
Major individual exhibitions during his career include the Bernard Lewin Gallery in Los Angeles in 1965, a retrospective at the Museo de Arte Moderno in 1969 and various exhibitions in Europe in the 1980s.[5]
In 1971, he received the Acquisition Prize at the 1971 Biennial of Open Air Sculpture of Middelheim in Antwerp, Belgium. In 1975 twenty of his drawings with the Misrachi Gallery obtained the silver medal at the International Book Exposition of Leipzig. In the 1980s, he was named an Academic of the Accademia delle Arte e del Lavoro in Parma, Italy. In Mexico he won the Elías Sourasky Prize.[5]
In 1984 he won the first Kataro Takamura Prize of the Third Biennial of Sculpture in Japan.[5]
He became a Mexican citizen in 1986, fifty years after his arrival in the country.[5][6]
In 1992 he received the Premio Nacional de Arte, and in 1994, the Palacio de Bellas Artes held a tribute to his career.[5]
Near the end of his life, illness left him nearly blind, which caused him to shift his artistic work to terra cotta, using his hands to create the lines.[5]
Works
Zúñiga created over thirty five public sculptures, such as the monument to poet
He stated that he preferred figurative art because he found the human figure to be “the most important aspect of the world around (him)”. He was also strongly influenced by pre Hispanic art, spending significant time sketching pieces in museums, along with images of women in traditional markets, feeling that they represented maternity and familial responsibility.[5]
Museums holding his works in their permanent collections include the
- Seated Yucatan Woman
- Mother and Daughter Seated (1971), San Diego
References
- ^ "Biography". Archived from the original on 2018-02-26. Retrieved 2016-07-25.
- Washington Post, June 18, 1993.
- ^ "Mis cien mexicanos del siglo XX". La Jornada, January 30, 2000.
- ^ Latin American art, Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ ISBN 968-5005-58-3.
- ^ ISBN 968-6258-56-6.
- ^ a b c Biography Archived 2012-02-08 at the Wayback Machine, Medicine Man Gallery.
- ^ a b Biografia de Francisco Zúñiga, Biografias y Vidas.
- ^ a b "Con su obra, Francisco Zúñiga retorna a su natal Costa Rica". La Jornada, January 15, 1999.
- ^ "Muere destacado escultor mexicano Francisco Zuniga". Fort Worth Star-Telegram, August 14, 1998.
- ^ Biography, Joan Cawley gallery.
- ^ May S. Marcy Sculpture Court and Garden Archived 2007-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, San Diego Museum of Art.
- ^ "Searchable Art Museum". New Mexico Museum of Art. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
Books
- Anguiano, Raúl; Moyssén Echeverría, Xavier; Sebastián, Enrique Carbajal (1998), Homenaje al maestro Francisco Zúñiga : (1912 - 1998), Academia de Artes, ISBN 968-7292-12-1.
- Brewster, Jerry (1984), Zúñiga, Alpine Fine Arts, ISBN 0-88168-007-9.
- Echeverria, Carlos Francisco (1981), Zúñiga: An Album of His Sculptures, Hacker Art Books, ISBN 978-968-7047-03-4.
- Cardona Pena, Alfredo (1997), Francisco Zúñiga: Viaje poetico, Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia, ISBN 978-9977-64-899-6.
- Ferrero, Luis (1985), Zúñiga, Costa Rica: Colección Daniel Yankelewitz, Editorial Costa Rica, ISBN 9977-23-160-5.
- Paquet, Marcel (1989), Zúñiga: La abstracción sensible, El Taller del Equilibrista, ISBN 968-6285-24-5.
- Reich, Sheldon (1981), Francisco Zúñiga, Sculptor: Conversations and Interpretations, Univ. of Arizona Press, ISBN 978-0-8165-0665-1.
- Rodriguez Prampolini, Ida (2002), La obra de Francisco Zúñiga, canon de belleza americana, Sinc, S.A. de C.V / Albedrio, ISBN 978-970-9027-07-5.
- Zúñiga, Ariel (2001), Francisco Zúñiga: Travel sketches 1, Sinc, S.A. de C.V / Albedrio, ISBN 978-970-9027-05-1.
- Zúñiga, Ariel (1999), Francisco Zúñiga, Catalogo Razonado, Volumen I: Escultura / Catalogue Raisonné, Volume I: Sculpture (1923-1993), Sinc, S.A. de C.V / Albedrio, ISBN 978-970-9027-02-0.
- Zúñiga, Ariel (2003), Francisco Zúñiga, Catalogo Razonado, Vol. II: Oleos, estampas y reproducciones / Catalogue Raisonné, Vol. II: Oil Paintings, prints and reproductions, Sinc, S.A. de C.V / Albedrio, ISBN 978-970-9027-08-2.
- Zúñiga, Ariel (2007), Francisco Zúñiga Catalogo Razonado / Catalogue Raisonné Volume III (Drawings 1927–1970), Sinc, S.A. de C.V / Albedrio, ISBN 978-970-9027-10-5.
- Zúñiga, Ariel (2007), Francisco Zúñiga Catalogo Razonado / Catalogue Raisonné Volume IV (Drawings 1971–1989), Sinc, S.A. de C.V / Albedrio, ISBN 978-970-9027-11-2.
Additional sources
- Nieto Sua, Rosa Amparo (1983), Francisco Zúñiga and the Mexican tradition, M.A. thesis, Queens College, New York.
- Ruiz de Icaza, Maru (1998), "Francisco Zúñiga: sus mujeres indígenas se asentaron en el ex Palacio del Arzobispo", Actual, 5 (52): 68.
- Sánchez Ambriz, Mary Carmen (1998), "Francisco Zúñiga, 1912-1998; In memoriam", Siempre!, 45 (2357): 61.
- Ureña Rib, Fernando (2007), La sostenida maestría de Francisco Zúñiga.
- Van Rheenen, Erin (2007), Living Abroad in Costa Rica, Avalon Travel Publishing, ISBN 978-1-56691-652-3.
External links
- Francisco Zúñiga 1912–1998. Artist's web site maintained by Fundación Zúñiga Laborde A.C.
- Francisco Zúñiga woodcuts