Pedro Friedeberg

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A man sitting in front of a painting with eyes closed, wearing a hat.
Pedro Friedeberg in 2016.

Pedro Friedeberg (born January 11, 1936) is an Italian-born Mexican artist and designer known for his

surrealist work filled with lines colors and ancient and religious symbols. His best known piece is the “Hand-Chair” a sculpture/chair designed for people to sit on the palm, using the fingers as back and arm rests. Friedeberg began studying as an architect but did not complete his studies as he began to draw designs against the conventional forms of the 1950s and even completely implausible ones such as houses with artichoke roofs. However, his work caught the attention of artist Mathias Goeritz who encouraged him to continue as an artist. Friedeberg became part of a group of surrealist artists in Mexico which included Leonora Carrington and Alice Rahon
, who were irreverent, rejecting the social and political art which was dominant at the time. Friedeberg has had a lifelong reputation for being eccentric, and states that art is dead because nothing new is being produced.

Life

Pedro Friedeberg was born on January 11, 1936, in

Holocaust. He says he does not talk about his childhood because it was “German,” describing it as “discipline,” “torture” and “punishment.” He was made to learn violin and speak several languages and he hated to be at home.[2] He was not raised Jewish but rather atheist. Once a servant took him in secret to a church to be baptized. He says because of these experiences, he has seven religions, one for each day of the week.[2]

As a child he express an interest in art early.

Santa María Novella Church in Florence and try to draw it.[2] In his youth he was captivated by the Renaissance architecture of the churches and the Leaning Tower of Pisa. When he was older, he traced the images in the art books that belonged to his father, favoring the works of Canaletto, Piranesi and others from the 18th century. He also liked the perspectives of the drawings of M. C. Escher.[2][3]

He studied for a while in Boston and then entered the Universidad Iberoamericana in 1957 to study architecture.[3] He began to study architecture because of his own interest and pressure from his parents but made it only to the third year. His professors favored symmetrical architecture such as that of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed the Seagram Building in New York, which Friedeberg thought boring. He preferred the works of Antoni Gaudí, creating circular plans, and he began to design impossible works such as houses with artichoke roofs and skyscrapers topped by pears, which earned him failing grades.[2][4]

However, his time at Iberoamericana allowed him to meet artist Mathias Goeritz, who appreciated his work. Goeritz told Friedeberg to continue with his art and ignore his parents. During the summers, Friedeberg worked as Goeritz’s secretary, which included helping on artistic projects.[2]

Through family and friends he met surrealist artists such as

Dadaist principles: the creation of anti-art for art's sake, rejecting political and social painting. This group’s influence led Friedeberg to believe in the autonomy of aestheticism.[1] Later, he and Javier Giron organized a “movement” called “Chinchismo” from the Mexican Spanish word “chinche” which means bug. They asked thirty artists to create bug words and called Pita Amor their muse, with the idea of ridiculing “-isms” or movements in art.[2]

Friedeberg’s reputation for eccentricity has been lifelong, not only linked to surrealist artist but other eccentrics such as

I-Ching every day, and has a collection of saints.[2][5] His biography on the Internet includes a passage that reads “I get up at the crack of noon and, after watering my pirañas, I breakfast off things Corinthian. Later in the day I partake in an Ionic lunch followed by a Doric nap. On Tuesdays I sketch a volute or two, and perhaps a pediment, if the mood overtakes me. Wednesday I have set aside for anti-meditation. On Thursdays I usually relax whereas on Friday I write autobiographies”[7] He says that the world lacks eccentrics today because people have returned to being sheep through the consumer culture and television which wants us all to be the same.[5]

Friedeberg has been married four times. His third wife was Polish Countess Wanda Zamoyska.[6] This marriage lasted twelve years which he describes at surrealist, a circus and crazy, but tiring.[2] His last wife is Carmen Gutierrez, with whom he has two children, Diana and David. He says Carmen is a very serious woman, unlike his other former wives. Having children changed his life because he could no longer travel around the world and stay up until 5 am drinking.[2]

He currently lives in

Diaghilev are, in a tomb with a white gondola and black feathers.[2]

Career

Hand-chair, monumental sculpture by Pedro Friedeberg located in the Alameda Central in Mexico City

Friedeberg has painted, created murals for institutions in Mexico and abroad, illustrated books and book covers, created furniture and set designs.[8] He was the art director, along with Sergio Villegas of a spectacular called Arbol de la Vida.[3] He began designing furniture in the 1960s, rejecting the then-dominant international style of architecture. He has designed chairs, tables, couches and love seats in fantastic designs.[1][3] He is best known for his hand-chair, which has sold more than 5,000 copies since it was created in 1962.[5] The original chair was made of wood and covered in gold leaf.[9][10] It is designed to allow one to sit on the palm, using the fingers as a back and arm rest.[3] He has declared that he is never really relaxed and stated that he has painted one canvas per week, 52 weeks a year for the fifty years of his career in addition to sculptures and chair designs.[6] His paintings, sculpture and furniture was very fashionable, called “chic” in the 1960s and 1970s.[2]

His first two individual exhibitions were at the Diana Gallery in 1959 and the Protec Gallery in 1960, both in Mexico City. In the 1960s, he had sixteen exhibitions in Mexico, France, New York,

Pan American Union in Washington, DC in 1963. In the 1970s, he had nineteen exhibitions in various cities in Mexico and the United States, Barcelona, Haifa (Israel) and Canada. In the 1980s, he had thirteen including the Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City. In the 1990s, he had twenty one, mostly in Mexico which a tribute to his work in 1997 and an exhibition in Colombia. In the 2000s, he had nine, all in Mexico except for one in Germany in 2000 and one in Belgium in 2003. He has also participated in many group exhibitions from 1960 to 2003.[8]

Bridget Tichenor
.

Awards include the Córdoba Argentina Biennale in 1966 (2nd prize), the Solar Exhibition in

CONACULTA .[11] In his autobiography, Friedeberg writes about experiences with his many friends in the art world, including Salvador Dalí, Leonora Carrington, Kati Horna, Tamara de Lempicka, Mathias Goeritz, Edward James, Zachary Selig and Bridget Bate Tichenor.[12]

His works can be found in the permanent collections of the Museo de Arte Moderno, the

Ponce Museum of Art in Puerto Rico, the Franklin Rawson Museum in Argentina, the Omar Rayo Museum in Colombia and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC., The Museum of Arts and Design in New York.[3][8]

Artistry

View of the El cinco de mayo de 1862. Uriarte Talavera Contemporánea exhibition at the Franz Mayer Museum, Mexico City. The ceramic mural is by the artist.

From his first exhibition, his work has had an easily identifiable style, although it is not easily classifiable.[1][3] He often uses architectural drawing as his medium to create unusual compositions including designs for useless objects, often as a result of boredom.[1] He has studied and incorporated elements of various artistic and design trends from his lifetimes from Art Nouveau to Op art. Much of his work has an industrial quality, stemming from his training as an architect.[10] However, there is a dream like quality as well, painting impossible palaces and other structures, with innumerable halls and rooms, secret passages and stairs which are often absurd.[11]

Irony and surfeit are generally expressed through the almost hallucinogenic repetition of elements and formal disorder, but it is the result of conscious thought.[1] He classifies his work as eclectic and hybrid.[9] His art is not political, it is art for art’s sake and he states it is elitist. He does not believe in making art “for the people” because most people do not care about it.[9] His art almost always have a sarcastic and cynical touch.[9] He says his only intention in his art is to make fun of himself and everyone else.[10]

Paintings, furniture and more are often characterized as being filled with ornamentation, with little or no white space, with lines, colors and symbols referencing ancient scriptures,

Aztec codices, Catholicism, Hinduism and the occult.[1][6] While his art has been criticized as adding ornament for its own sake or even distraction, he disagrees, saying that ornamentation is the oldest form of fine art, added to give objects an exceptional, even religious quality.[2] He has called his extensive ornamentation, which includes elements from ancient texts, “Nintendo Churrigueresque”[10]

Friedeberg belongs to a group of 20th century surrealist artists, which in Mexico include Gunther Gerzso, Mathias Goeritz, Alice Rahon, Kati Horna, Leonora Carrington, Remedios Varo and Paul Antragne, who were grouped together under the name of Los Hartos. They were original, eccentric, irreverent and iconoclastic.[6] His techniques have not changed since he started and themes have changed only a little, as today he includes fantastic animal hybrids in some of his work.[9] He has criticized modern artists saying, “Art has died, after surrealism, there is nothing new.”[5] He says that people have lost their taste for irony, sarcasm and the absurd.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Pedro Friedeberg, Mexican (1936 - )". Ro Gallery. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Silvia Cherem (January 16, 1999). "Pedro Friedeberg: El ultimo de 'Los hartos'" [Pedro Friedeberg: The last of the "Fed Ups"]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 1.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Pedro Friedeberg - Arquitecto, pintor, dibujante, diseñador, escultor y grabador" [Pedro Friedeberg-Architect, painter, drawer, designer, sculpture and engraver] (in Spanish). Mexico: Government of Mexico. Archived from the original on August 14, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  4. ^ Erika P Bucio (October 21, 2009). "Recorren los caminos de Pedro Friedeberg" [Travel the roads of Pedro Friedeberg]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 19.
  5. ^ a b c d e Vicente Gutiérrez (September 7, 2011). "Pedro Friedeberg: el último excéntrico". El Economista (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d e Elena Poniatowska (September 11, 2011). "Pedro Friedeberg". La Jornada (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  7. ^ Friedeberg, Pedro. "Bio note". Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  8. ^ a b c d Friedeberg, Pedro. "Curriculum Vitae". Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Myrna I. Martínez (March 14, 2008). "Entrevista / Pedro Friedeberg / Retrospectiva patafísica" [Interview/Pedro Friedeberg "Patafisica" Retrospective]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 30.
  10. ^ a b c d Alejandro Alonso (January 8, 1999). "El arte optico de Pedro Friedeberg" [The optic art of Pedro Friedeberg]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 24.
  11. ^ a b Óscar Cid de León (September 9, 2011). "Celebran fantasía de Pedro Friedeberg" [Celebrate the fantasy of Pedro Friedberg]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 22.
  12. ISBN 9786077663249
    .
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