Fritillaria affinis
| Fritillaria affinis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lilioideae |
| Tribe: | Lilieae |
| Genus: | Fritillaria |
| Species: | F. affinis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Fritillaria affinis (
Sealy | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Fritillaria affinis, the chocolate lily, is a highly variable species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae native to western North America.
Description
It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are 10–120 centimetres (4–47 inches) tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, 1–4 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in), yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls.[3]
There are two varieties:
- Fritillaria affinis var. affinis: This is the more common and widespread variant, occurring throughout the plant's range. It can be differentiated by its strong mottling pattern. Its bulb has 2 to 20 small scales.
- Fritillaria affinis var. tristulis: This variant is much less widespread; it is found only in Marin County on the north coast of California. It has a much more subtle mottling pattern and is generally darker overall. Its bulb has 60 to 100 small scales.[4]
-
Plant habit -
Leaves and stem -
Flower -
Flower underside -
Dark flower
Distribution and habitat
It can be found in
Its habitat includes oak or pine scrub or open woods and thickets near the coast. It prefers low to mid-elevation, shade or part shade, dry summer dormancy, and good drainage.
Uses
The roots or bulbs can be eaten raw or cooked.[6] Historically, the bulbs of this plant were eaten steamed by Salish Native American peoples, including the Squamish, Sechelt, Halq'emeylem and Straits Salish.[7]
See also
References
- ^ "Fritillaria Affinis". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, synonyms for Fritillaria affinis var. affinis
- ^ Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2002. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Flora of North America 26: i–xxvi, 1–723.
- ^ "North American Fritillarias". Pacific Bulb Society. 29 June 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Fritillaria affinis
- OCLC 668195076.
- ISBN 1-55105-040-4.
External links
- Treatment from the Jepson Manual
- Harlow, Nora, Jakob, Kristin, and Raiche, Roger (2003) Wild Lilies, Irises, and Grasses. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23849-4.
- CalFlora Taxon Report
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