Galium litorale

endemic to the island of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea.^[4] In Italian it is known as caglio costiero.^[5][6]

oblanceolate in shape, 2-5 x 10–18 mm, abruptly pointed and somewhat rough in texture at their edges.^[6][7]

apiculate lobes. The fruit has a diameter of 2–3 mm, and is dark or blackish coloured when ripe.^[6][7]

area of occupancy consisted of some 500 km² of habitat.^[10]

macchia, garrigue and grasslands.^[7] It grows in beach sands.^[6] It grows from sea level to 100 metres.^[7]

Chamaerops humilis, very often growing in the shelter of the spines, in an area of coastal garrigue where the palm is particularly common.^[7]

near threatened' by the IUCN in 2011.^[1] The species was assessed for the second time by the Government of Italy in 2013 in light of Article 17 of the Habitats Directive (a report every six years), and it was given the conservation status of 'U1': "unfavourable-inadequate", as in 2007. It was assessed again in 2019, and after "improved knowledge", the status of species was graded at the more grave 'U2': "unfavourable-bad".^[10] The population is not fragmented, but exists in one extensive area.^[1] The future prospects for this species were considered 'bad'.^[10] The population was unknown and had never been estimated by the Italian state according to the 2013 European assessment report,^[9] nor was it counted in the 2020 report.^[10]

succession of the native vegetation, which may be precipitated by stated regional changes in agriculture, such as less livestock production, and lower amounts of grazing. The two other threats are said to be mining, and recreational activities (which is elsewhere also called "vandalism" in the assessment).^[1] However, according to the 2013 European assessment report, the main threats were said to be "discontinuous urbanisation" and issues with wildfires, although the report is unclear if there are too many fires or too much fire suppression. There are no specific conservation measures reported for the species.^[9]