Garra
Garra | |
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Doctor fish (Garra rufa)
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Cypriniformes |
Family: | Cyprinidae |
Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
Genus: | Garra F. Hamilton, 1822 |
Type species | |
Cyprinus (Garra) lamta F. Hamilton, 1822
| |
Synonyms | |
Ageneiogarra Garman, 1912 |
Garra is a
The genus was established by
Description and ecology
These species are slim
From other Garrini (or Garraina), the genus Garra can be distinguished as follows: their
Garras are not or barely noticeably
When the females are ready to spawn, they are markedly plump and swollen; the ripe roe may fill almost four-fifths of their body cavity. The testicles of reproductive males are large too. The average Garra egg is 1.77 mm in diameter and a clutch contains several hundred eggs – up to a thousand or so in large females. The breeding behaviour is generally not well known and breeding is not often achieved in the aquarium; presumably, like many of their relatives they migrate upstream or (if they otherwise inhabit lakes) into the rivers to spawn.[3]
Species
These are the currently recognized species in this genus:
- Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921
- Garra aethiopica (Pellegrin, 1927)
- T. R. Roberts, 1990
- Garra alticaputus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
- Garra amirhosseini Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Coad & Eagderi, 2016 [9]
- Garra andruzzii(Vinciguerra, 1924) (Somalian cavefish)
- Garra annandalei Hora, 1921
- Garra apogon (Norman, 1925)
- Garra arunachalami Johnson & Soranam, 2001
- Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [10]
- Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009
- Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920
- Garra biloborostris Roni & Vishwanath, 2017
- Garra bimaculacauda Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 [11]
- Garra binduensis Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi, 2016
- Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [10]
- Garra bisangularis Chen, Wu, & Xiao, 2010
- Garra bispinosa E. Zhang, 2005
- Garra blanfordii (Boulenger, 1901)
- Vaillant, 1902)
- Garra bourreti (Pellegrin, 1928)
- Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983
- Garra cambodgiensis (Tirant, 1883) (Cambodian logsucker)
- Garra caudomaculata (Battalgil, 1942) (Antakya minnow)
- Garra centrala V.H. Nguyen, T.H.N. Vu & T.D.P. Nguyen, 2015
- Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863 (Ceylon logsucker)
- Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 [12]
- Garra chathensis Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2020
- Garra chebera Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010
- Garra chindwinensis Premananda, Kosygin, Saidullah, 2017[13]
- Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998
- Poll, 1959
- Garra cornigera Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 [14]
- Garra cryptonema (G. H. Cui & Z. Y. Li, 1984) [15]
- Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin, 1927) [16] (Red stripe barb)
- Garra cyclostomata Đ. Y. Mai, 1978
- Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000
- Garra dampaensis Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013 [17]
- Stiassny, 2007
- Rüppell, 1835) (Dembea stone lapper)
- Garra dulongensis (Chen, Pan, Kong & Yang, 2006)
- Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987
- Stiassny, 2007
- Günther, 1868) [18]
- Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000 [19]
- Garra emarginata Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 [20]
- Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958
- Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937
- Garra fisheri (Fowler, 1937)
- S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra fluviatilis Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016 [22]
- Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
- Garra gallagheri Krupp, 1988 (Black Garra)
- Stiassny, 2007
- Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982
- Garra gotyla (J. E. Gray, 1830) (Sucker head)
- Garra gracilis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
- Annandale, 1919)
- Garra gymnothorax Berg, 1949 (Chest scaleless garra)
- Garra hainanensis Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983
- Garra hindii (Boulenger, 1905)
- Garra hughi Silas, 1955
- Garra ignestii (Gianferrari, 1925)
- Garra imbarbatus (Nguyen, 2001)
- Garman, 1912
- Garra imberbis (Vinciguerra, 1890)
- X. Y. Chen, 2016 [23]
- Garra jaldhakaensis, Kosygin, Bungdon Shangningam, Pratima Singh, Ujjal Das, 2021[24]
- Garra jerdoni F. Day, 1867 [25]
- Freyhof, 2014 [21]
- Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993
- Garra kalpangi Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012 [26]
- Garra kemali (Hankó, 1925) [16]
- Garra kempi Hora, 1921
- Garra khawbungi Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 [27]
- Garra kimini Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
- Garra lamta (F. Hamilton, 1822)
- Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960
- Garra lautior Banister, 1987
- Garra lissorhynchus (McClelland, 1842)
- Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993
- Garra longchuanensis Q. Yu, X. Z. Wang, H. Xiong & S. P. He, 2016 [28]
- Garra longipinnis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977
- Garra lorestanensis Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016 [4]
- Garra magnidiscus Tamang, 2013 [29]
- Garra makiensis (Boulenger, 1904)
- Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983
- Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988
- Jerdon, 1849)
- Garra menderesensis (Küçük, Bayçelebi, Güçlü & Gülle, 2015) [16]
- Garra menoni Rema Devi & T. J. Indra, 1984
- Garra micropulvinus W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005
- Garra mini Rahman, Mollah, Norén & Kullander, 2016
- Garra minimus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
- Garra mirofrontis X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987
- Garra mlapparaensis Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 [20]
- Freyhof, 2015 [30]
- Garra mullya (Sykes, 1839) (sucker fish)
- Garra naganensis Hora, 1921
- Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005
- Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 [31][32]
- Garra nana (Heckel, 1843) [16]
- Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1838)
- Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014 [25]
- Garra nigricauda Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [8]
- S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra nkhruletisis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 [12]
- Garra notata (Blyth, 1860)
- Garra nujiangensis Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009
- Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925
- Garra ornata (Nichols & Griscom, 1917)
- Garra palaniensis Rema Devi& Menon, 1994
- Garra palaruvica Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 [citation needed]
- Garra panitvongi Tangjitjaroen, Z. S. Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page, 2023[33]
- Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & K. Shanta Devi, 2005
- Garra parastenorhynchus Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 [11]
- Garra periyarensis K. C. Gopi, 2001
- L. S. Berg, 1914
- Deraniyagala, 1933 (Phillips's garra)
- Garra platycephala Narayan Rao, 1920 [25]
- S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra poilanei Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933
- S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra qiaojiensis H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977
- Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 [10]
- Rüppell, 1835)
- S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Stiassny, 2007
- Garra robertsi Thoni & Mayden, 2015 [34]
- A. M. Nikolskii, 1900)
- Garra rotundinasus E. Zhang, 2006
- Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) (Red garra)
- Garra rupecula (McClelland, 1839)
- Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983
- Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
- Freyhof, 2016 [35]
- , 2009
- S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Jerdon, 1849 [19]
- Garra surendranathanii C. P. Shaji, L. K. Arun & P. S. Easa, 1996
- Garra surinbinnani Page, Ray, Tongnunui, Boyd & Randall, 2019
- Garra tamangi Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016 [19]
- Stiassny, 2007
- Garra tangjitjaroeni
- Garra tashanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016[7]
- Garra tengchongensis E. Zhang & Y. Y. Chen, 2002
- Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998
- Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941 [21]
- Garra trilobata Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 [14]
- Garra tyao Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 [27]
- Garra typhlops (Bruun & E. W. Kaiser, 1944)[5] (Iran cave barb)
- Garra ukhrulensisNebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015
- Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) (Variable garra)
- S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004
- Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014 [15]
- Garra wanae (Regan, 1914)
- Garra waterloti (Pellegrin, 1935)
- Garra widdowsoni(Trewavas, 1955) (Iraq blind barb)
- Garra yiliangensis H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977
References
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2017). "Garra rufa" in FishBase. August 2017 version.
- ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Garra in FishBase. March 2017 version.
- ^ a b c d e f Stiassny, M.L.J. & Getahun, A. (2007): An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species. Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150 (1): 41–83.
- ^ a b Mousavi-Sabet, H. & Eagderi, S. (2016): Garra lorestanensis, a new cave fish from the Tigris River drainage with remarks on the subterranean fishes in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). FishTaxa, 1 (1): 45-54.
- ^ a b Farashi, A., Kaboli, M., Rezaei, H.R., Naghavi, M.R., Rahimian, H. & Coad, B.W. (2014): Reassessment of the taxonomic position of Iranocypris typhlops Bruun & Kaiser, 1944 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). ZooKeys, 374: 69-77.
- ISBN 978-1402000768
- ^ a b MOUSAVI-SABET, Hamed, et al. “Tashan Cave a New Cave Fish Locality for Iran; and Garra Tashanensis, a New Blind Species from the Tigris River Drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).” FISHTAXA(2016) 1(3): 133-148, http://www.fishtaxa.com/index.php/ft/article/view/1-3-3.
- ^ a b c d Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2013): Morphological diagnoses of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from North-Eastern India with four new species description from Brahmaputra River. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4 (3): 121-138.
- ^ Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Coad, B.W. & Eagderi, S. (2016): Review of the genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 in Iran with description of a new species: a morpho-molecular approach (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 3 (2): 82-121.
- ^ a b c Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013): Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 97-120.
- ^ a b Thoni, R.J., Gurung, D.B. & Mayden, R.L. (2016): A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4169 (1): 115-132.
- ^ a b Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2015): Two new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Chindwin River basin in Manipur, India, with notes on some nominal Garra species of the Himalayan foothills. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (4): 305-321.
- ^ http://recordsofzsi.com/index.php/zsoi/article/view/120968/84207%7C Nongthombam Premananda, Laishram Kosygin, Bano Saidullah. 2017. Garra chindwinensis, a New Species of Cyprinid Fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Manipur, Northeastern India
- ^ a b Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2015): Two new species of Garra from the Chindwin basin, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (3): 263–272.
- ^ a b Lothongkham, A., Arbsuwan, S. & Musikasinthorn, P. (2014): Garra waensis, a new cyprinid fish (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Nan River basin of the Chao Phraya River system, northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3790 (4): 543–554.
- ^ a b c d Behrens-Chapuis, S., Herder, F., Esmaeili, H.R., Freyhof, J., Hamidan, N.A., Özuluğ, M., Šanda, R. & Geiger, M.F. (2015): Adding nuclear rhodopsin data where mitochondrial COI indicates discrepancies – can this marker help to explain conflicts in cyprinids? DNA Barcodes, 3 (1): 187-199.
- ^ Lalronunga, S., Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana (2013): Garra dampaensis, a new ray-finned fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India. Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (9): 4368–4377.
- ^ Freyhof, J. (2016): Redescription of Garra elegans (Günther, 1868), a poorly known species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4173 (5): 496-500.
- ^ a b c Gurumayum, S.D. & Kosygin, L. (2016): Garra tamangi, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Species, 17 (55): 84-93.
- ^ a b Kurup, B.M. & Radhakrishnan, K.V. (2011): Two new cyprinid fishes under the genus Garra (Hamilton) from Kerala, southern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 107 (3): 220-223.
- ^ a b c Hamidan, N.A., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2014): Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 223-236.
- ^ Kangrang, P., Thoni, R.J., Mayden, R.L. & Beamish, F.W.H. (2016): Garra fluviatilis, a new hillstream fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, Thailand. Zootaxa, 4175 (4): 335-344.
- ^ Zheng, L.-P., Yang, J.-X. & Chen, X.-Y. (2016): Garra incisorbis, a new species of labeonine from Pearl River basin in Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (4): 299-304.
- ^ http://recordsofzsi.com/index.php/zsoi/article/view/158415/%7C Garra jaldhakaensis, a new cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from West Bengal, India
- ^ a b c Arunachalam, M. & Nandagopal, S. (2014): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Nethravathi River, Western Ghats, India. Species, 10 (24): 43-57.
- ^ Nebeshwar, K., Bagra, K. & Das, D.N. (2012): Garra kalpangi, a new cyprinid fish species (Pisces: Teleostei) from upper Brahmaputra basin in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Archived 2012-11-01 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4 (2): 2353–2362.
- ^ a b Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2014): Two new Species of Garra from Mizoram, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and a General Comparative Analyses of Indian Garra. Species, 10 (24): 58-78.
- ^ Yu, Q., Wang, X., Xiong, H. & He, S. (2016): Garra longchuanensis, a new cyprinid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from southern China. Zootaxa, 4126 (2): 295-300.
- ^ Tamang, L. (2013): Garra magnidiscus, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (1): 31-40.
- ^ Sayyadzadeh, G., Esmaeili, H.R. & Freyhof, J. (2015): Garra mondica, a new species from the Mond River drainage with remarks on the genus Garra from the Persian Gulf basin in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4048 (1): 75–89.
- ^ Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN Zoology), 2012: 1-6.
- ^ Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): Validation of Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 10-10.
- ^ Tangjitjaroen, Z. S. Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page Species of Garra (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) in the Salween River basin with description of an enigmatic new species from the Ataran River drainage of Thailand and Myanmar, Zootaxa 5311 (3): 375–39.
- ^ Thoni, R.J. & Mayden, R.L. (2015): Garra robertsi, a new cyprinid (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) fish species from Borneo. Zootaxa, 3985 (2): 284–290.
- ^ Lyon, R.G., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2016): Garra sindhi, a new species from the Jebel Samhan Nature Reserve in Oman (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4154 (1): 79-88.