Gaza Strip famine

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Gaza Strip famine
Country
airstrikes, and limitation of aid
ReliefHumanitarian aid
Consequences677,000+ in starvation[3]

As a result of

Second World War.[10][11][12]

According to the latest projections, valid from mid-March through July of 2024, the entire population in the Gaza Strip is classified in Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Phase 3 - Crisis, or above.[13] 38% of the population is in IPC Phase 4 - Emergency, and 50% is in IPC Phase 5 - Catastrophe, with the risk of famine imminent.[14][15] According to Oxfam, the levels of starvation in Gaza are the "highest ever recorded on the IPC scale, both in terms of number of people and percentage of the population".[3] As of early-March 2024, Gaza met at least two of the three conditions for an IPC-designated famine. Due to the lack of media and humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip, particularly the northern region, the IPC Analysis Team was not able to determine whether the final threshold - a crude death rate above 2 per 10,000 per day - had been met, but it projects that it will be met between mid-March and May 2024.[16][17] As of April 2024, US officials and agencies have confirmed that a famine has begun in the Gaza Strip, The State Department has said that a famine likely began in late March, [18] and USAID Administrator Samantha Power called the assessment that a famine is ongoing "credible" during a congressional hearing on 10 April.[19] A USAID report leaked to Devex on 26 April called famine in Gaza "inevitable" and said in its title that "changes [in Israeli policy] could reduce but not stop widespread civilian deaths."[20]

On 19 March, Volker Türk, the UN high commissioner for human rights, stated that Israel's restrictions on the entry of aid may constitute starvation as a method of warfare, which would be a war crime.[21][22] In March 2024, experts, such as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, warned that Gaza might already be experiencing famine; while Jeremy Konyndyk, the president of Refugees International, stated that "large-scale famine mortality" would soon begin.[23] Epidemiological forecasts project future deaths in Gaza from all causes, including epidemics, as ranging from 48,210 to 193,180 by August 2024.[24]

The Israeli government has denied it is using starvation as a weapon of war and said that arguments that its actions regarding the famine violate the Genocide Convention are "wholly unfounded".[25] COGAT, the Israeli agency responsible for allowing aid into Gaza, has stated Israel was not putting limits into the amount of aid entering Gaza.[26] COGAT's claim has been challenged by multiple entities, including the European Union, United Nations, Oxfam, and United Kingdom.[27] Israel has accused Gaza's government of "aid theft";[28] however, US officials said they do not have evidence to support Israel's claims.[29][30]

Before the war

Map of the Gaza Strip with Israeli/Egyptian-controlled borders and limited fishing zone

It has been argued that "thoroughly planned impoverishment" has been a long-term policy of Israel for the Gaza Strip.[31] According to Sara Roy, a leading expert on the Gazan economy,

The current desecration of Gaza is the latest stage in a process that has taken increasingly violent forms over time. In the fifty-six years since it occupied the Strip in 1967, Israel has transformed Gaza from a territory politically and economically integrated with Israel and the West Bank into an isolated enclave, from a functional economy to a dysfunctional one, from a productive society to an impoverished one. It has likewise removed Gaza's residents from the sphere of politics, transforming them from a people with a nationalist claim to a population whose majority requires some form of humanitarian aid to sustain themselves.[32]

In the early 2000s, the Gaza Strip witnessed a period of increasing tensions that had a profound impact on its economic and agricultural sectors.[31] During this time, a relatively small number of Israeli settlers lived in the Gaza Strip, yet they controlled a significant portion of the territory's valuable resources. Specifically, these settlers had access to about 25% of the Strip, an area that included 40% of Gaza's arable land, as well as a substantial share of its water resources, limiting the availability of land and water for the Palestinian population.[33] In addition, during that period Israel had imposed restrictions on imports of cooking fuel and gas into Gaza. The restrictions on imports, including cooking fuel and gas into Gaza by Israel, stem from a mix of security concerns and responses to violence. These measures, part of a broader blockade, are contested internationally and criticized for exacerbating economic and living conditions in Gaza.[34]

After Israel withdrew its settlements from the Gaza Strip in 2005, Palestinian elections were held in 2006, which Hamas won. In response to the election results, Israel designated the governing party and the Gaza Strip as a "hostile entity," implementing a blockade along with economic sanctions and restrictions.[35] Dov Weissglas explained, "We have to make them much thinner, but not enough to die,"[36] the idea being "to put the Palestinians on a diet, but not to make them die of hunger."[37] Prior to the blockade, Gaza's population stood at 1,6 million, serviced by 400 trucks carrying goods into the Strip every day. Under the new policy, according to the Israeli NGO Gisha, Israel permitted only 106 trucks entry to deliver goods.[38] In the following decades, the number of humanitarian trucks permitted to enter Gaza would vary, depending on several factors such as the political situation, security issues, agreements between Israel and Palestinian authorities, and interventions by international organizations. To obtain permission to import any commodity into the Strip, proof had to be supplied that they were indispensable, often causing delays and complications in the supply of humanitarian aid.[39]

Diplomatic cables subsequently published by

halvah, bamba,[e] tea, coffee, sausages, semolina, milk products in large packages, most baking products and limitations on meat and domestic cooking gas.[46]

The

no-go zones. After 2012, the Red Cross secured an agreement to allow Gazan farmers to cultivate crops of various heights, in areas respectively at 300 metres to 1 kilometre from Israel's fortified border fence. Both cultivators and their rudimentary irrigation devices nonetheless were often exposed to sniping and automated machinegun fire, and crops along the armistice line were, without warning, sprayed by Monsanto's Roundup herbicide. [48] Likewise, Israel placed severe restrictions on fishing within Gaza's waters — the 20 nautical miles agreed to under the Oslo Accords were unilaterally reduced to nine — with fishable areas demarcated with buoys[49] In 2009 Israel further reduced this to a 3 nautical mile limit with the result that 85% of Gaza's fishing water was blocked by Israeli warships.[50] Israeli gunships reportedly fired on local fishermen even within these areas.[51]

In the 2010s, some Israeli politicians denied the charge of using the blockade to deliberately cause harm or "humanitarian damage" to Palestinian civilians. Former Israeli foreign minister Tzipi Livni said on 25 October 2010 "There is not, and never was, any intention to harm the Palestinian population living in Gaza". In 2008, former prime minister Ehud Olmert said "We won't allow for a humanitarian crisis, but we have no intention of making their lives easier."[36]

In August 2023, it was reported that 12,076 truckloads of authorized goods entered Gaza, reflecting a slight improvement in the volume of goods allowed into the territory compared to previous periods. Despite these inflows, the volume of goods remained insufficient, given the 60% increase in population since 2007 and the escalating needs of the Gazan population.[52]

The humanitarian impact of the blockade is compounded by recurrent hostilities, which not only result in high casualty rates but also further degrade Gaza's already fragile infrastructure. The United Nations and various human rights organizations have repeatedly called for the lifting of the blockade and for increased humanitarian access to alleviate the suffering of Gaza's residents. The situation in 2023, where the region has witnessed the highest number of fatalities since 2005, underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive and lasting solution to the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.[53]

Start of crisis

Further information: 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip and 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
External videos
video icon Emily "Cali" Callahan, an American nurse who worked in Gaza for Doctors Without Borders until early November, describes the humanitarian situation in Gaza to CNN's Anderson Cooper[54][55]

Following the 7 October attack, Israel announced on 9 October that it was blocking the entry of food into Gaza.[56][57] The blockage, according to the Israeli government, is aimed to neutralize Hamas as a security threat, including preventing military resources from being smuggled under the guise of humanitarian aid.[58] Because Gaza was already mostly reliant on food aid, the repercussions were felt immediately. On 18 October, Alia Zaki, a spokesperson for the World Food Programme, stated that the population of Gaza was at risk of starvation.[59] Three days later, the UN released a statement saying food stocks were nearly exhausted.[60] By 23 October, Cindy McCain, executive director of the UN World Food Programme, stated people were "literally starving to death as we speak".[61]

On 27 October, a spokesperson for the World Food Programme stated food and other basic supplies were running out.[62] On 3 November, UN officials stated the average Gazan diet consisted of only two pieces of bread per day,[63] and ActionAid stated more than half a million Gazans faced death by starvation.[64] On 11 November, Corinne Fleischer, Middle East regional director of the World Food Programme, stated, "hundreds of people are queueing for hours every day to get bread rations at bakeries," as people were being pushed "closer to starvation."[65]

Damage to infrastructure

See also:
Bombing of Gaza and Environmental damage in the Gaza Strip caused by the Israel–Hamas war

On 18 October, an Israeli airstrike destroyed a bakery in the

UNOCHA stated more than half of all bakeries in Gaza had been destroyed.[72] On 8 November, UNOCHA stated northern Gaza no longer had any functioning bakeries.[73] On 14 November, Israel bombed Gaza's last operating flour mill.[74] Israeli bombings destroyed Gaza's fishing boats and ports.[75][76] An estimated 22 percent of farmland was destroyed by 12 December 2023.[77] Warehouses, food factories, and lorries were also damaged and destroyed by Israeli bombings.[7][78]

UNOSAT found that by February 2024, 33 percent of Gaza's agricultural land had been damaged due to "razing, heavy vehicle activity, bombing, shelling".[79]

Growing threat of famine

Cindy McCain stated on 17 November that civilians faced the immediate possibility of starvation.[80] Ten days later, McCain stated Gaza was on the brink of famine,[81] as begging for food became the "new norm."[82] On 7 December, the WFP stated 97% of households had inadequate food consumption and 83% in southern Gaza were surviving through "extreme consumption strategies."[83] By 10 December, the UN, international aid organizations, and relief workers in Gaza warned of mass starvation.[84] A representative for Medical Aid for Palestinians stated, "The hunger wars have started."[85] On 15 December, the United Nations estimated nine out of ten residents were not eating food every day.[86]

The IDF has alleged Hamas stole humanitarian aid;[87] killed people seeking humanitarian aid;[88] and keeps its own supply reserves.[89] The US and the UN both denied Israeli claims that Hamas plays a significant role in causing the famine, with a senior US official stating that "the Israeli government has not brought to the attention of the US government… any specific evidence of Hamas theft or diversion of assistance provided via the U.N. and its agencies. Full stop."[29]

On 20 December, the United Nations stated people in Gaza were experiencing "alarming levels of hunger never before witnessed in Gaza".

starving.[92] On 1 December, an Integrated Food Security Phase Classification report, based on a committee of independent experts, placed almost the entire population of Gaza (93% or 2.08 million) at IPC Phase 3 or above (Crisis or worse) with 79 percent in Emergency (IPC Phase 4),[93] and 15% (378,000 people) in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5).[94] On 22 December, UNICEF warned of the increasingly growing threat of famine in the Gaza Strip.[95] On 29 December, Mercy Corps stated half a million people faced "catastrophic hunger and starvation".[96] By 1 January 2024 ninety percent of Palestinians in Gaza regularly went without food.[97] On 27 February 2024, Carl Skau, the deputy executive director of the World Food Programme, told the United Nations Security Council that more than 500,000 people were at risk of imminent famine in Gaza.[98]

Famine

On 3 January 2024, Arif Husain, the chief economist at the World Food Programme, stated 80 percent of all people in the world experiencing famine or catastrophic hunger were in the Gaza Strip, stating, "In my life, I’ve never seen anything like this in terms of severity".[99] Food prices rose in Gaza as food stocks were "running low".[100]

The United Nations humanitarian chief Martin Griffiths stated on 5 January 2024, "People are facing the highest levels of food insecurity ever recorded."[101] Alex de Waal, an expert on humanitarian crises and international law at Tufts University, stated, “The rigor, scale and speed of the destruction of the structures necessary for survival, and enforcement of the siege, surpasses any other case of man-made famine in the last 75 years.”[102] António Guterres stated, "The long shadow of starvation is stalking the people of Gaza".[103]

On 16 January,

UNOCHA reported 378,000 people in Gaza were in IPC Phase 5, or catastrophic levels of hunger.[104][105] It reported all 2.2 million people in the Gaza Strip were facing acute food insecurity – the highest proportion of a population experiencing starvation in recorded history.[106] The Famine Review Committee (FRC) which compiled the Gaza data on famine in terms of the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) on 1 December 2023, forecast that the total population will be at Phase 3 by 7 February and that 25% or 500,000 Gazans will reach Phase 5.[94]

On 21 January, a journalist in the Gaza Strip reported that people were making flour using animal food.

Deir el-Balah attempting to catch fish to eat.[112]

On 17 February,

food inflation was 118 percent in January 2024, while the consumer price index for food rose nearly 105 percent.[116]

Southern Gaza

On 7 January, the

UNOCHA stated there was "an urgent need to establish a stabilisation centre in Rafah for treating children suffering from severe malnutrition".[120] UNOCHA stated on 17 February that people in Rafah were in "such dire need that they stop aid trucks to take food and eat it immediately".[121] On 19 February, Israeli gunboats fired at fishermen attempting to catch fish off the coast of Rafah.[122] A 73-year-old displaced woman stated on 25 February, "I have never witnessed the starvation like this… Death for us is much better than our current life".[123]

Northern Gaza

On 13 January The Guardian reported that The World Food Programme had stated that nine out of ten people in northern Gaza were eating less than a meal a day.[124] The World Health Organization stated on 25 January that the food situation was "absolutely horrific" in northern Gaza, with rare aid deliveries mobbed by visibly starved people with sunken eyes.[125] A Mercy Corps team member reported he had witnessed such intense overcrowding of thousands around two food aid trucks in northern Gaza that two people suffocated to death.[126] An relief worker with Al Baraka, an Algerian charity, stated northern Gaza was on the verge of famine, saying, "Almost no relief aid has been delivered to the people here since the beginning of Israel's aggression."[127]

On 10 February, the Gaza Media Office stated, "We immediately demand the entry of a thousand trucks daily into northern Gaza until it recovers from the famine".[128] On 15 February, Al Jazeera reported that people in northern Gaza were going days and even weeks without sufficient food.[129] The Food and Agriculture Organization stated that distributing food in northern Gaza remained a challenge as it was "barely accessible".[130] To survive, people ate animal feed, herbs, weeds, and grass.[131] A UNOCHA representative stated, "There are about 300,000 people in the north and I have no idea how they've survived".[132] In late-February 2024, a grain mill in northern Gaza shut down due to a lack of fuel.[133]

On 20 February, the World Food Programme stated it would cease aid delivery to northern Gaza.

Al Jazeera reported that two sisters searching for food on 25 February had been shot and claimed that Israeli Army was responsible for the incident.[139] Thousands of people in Gaza City waited for a possible delivery of flour on 25 February.[140]

On 27 February, the Gaza Health Ministry stated, "What is happening in northern Gaza is a true famine... This escalating famine could kill thousands of citizens due to malnutrition and dehydration in the coming days in front of the eyes of the world."[141] A man in the Jabalia refugee camp stated children "are dying and fainting in the streets from hunger. What can we do?"[142] On 17 March 2024, 13 aid trucks arrived in Jabalia and Gaza City without incident, for the first time in months.[143] In late-March 2024, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification placed northern Gaza in Phase 5, its most severe stage.[144][145] Analysis from the Food and Agriculture Organization found widespread destruction in Gaza's agricultural sector, including the deaths of 60 percent of milk cows, 70 percent of cattle stock, and 60 percent of small ruminants like goats and sheep.[146]

On 29 March 2024, the US State Department stated that famine in northern Gaza "quite possibly is present in at least some areas".[147] A UNOCHA spokesperson stated people faced "cruel death by famine".[148] By late March, the growing season for khobiza, a wild plant eaten in northern Gaza, was ending, which journalist Moath al-Kahlout stated "will lead to an even more horrific famine".[149] The UN stated 30 percent of its March 2024 aid missions had been denied.[150] In April 2024, Oxfam reported that people in northern Gaza were surviving on an average of 245 calories a day.[151]

Humanitarian aid

See also: Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war
USAID.[152][153]

On 9 January, Gisha reported that only 6,000 aid trucks had entered Gaza since 7 October, the equivalent of twelve days of aid before the conflict's start.[154] Colonel Moshe Tetro, who heads the Israeli unit overseeing deliveries of humanitarian aid, stated that there was no food shortage in Gaza and that existing reserves are sufficient.[155] Another Israeli official stated, "Don't forget that this is an Arab, Gazan population whose DNA is to hoard, certainly when it comes to food."[156]

Officials stated that the worsening crisis was partly attributable to the limited amount of aid being allowed into Gaza, with Cindy McCain stating, "People in Gaza risk dying of hunger just miles from trucks filled with food".[157] Arif Husain, the WFP chief economist, stated on 24 January that only between 20 and 30 percent of needed aid was entering Gaza,[158] as UNOCHA accused Israel of "systematically denying" humanitarian assistance into northern Gaza.[159]

On 1 February 2024, United Nations Secretary-General

defund UNRWA risked hastening the famine.[161] The World Food Programme stated on 2 February that aid to northern Gaza was being overwhelmingly rejected by the Israelis.[162] Journalist Abubaker Abed stated, "Families eat strategically, just to stay alive."[163]

While speaking to CNN reporters in February 2024, some Palestinians stated humanitarian aid was being resold on the black market, with packages already opened. Israeli airstrikes around certain areas also caused prices to spike, with a 25-kilogram bag of flour jumping from $20 in Kahn Younis to $34 after intensified airstrikes.[164] The same month, Human Rights Watch criticized the defunding of UNRWA, which they termed "the main humanitarian channel into Gaza", in the face of "mounting risks of famine and a binding order by the World Court in a case about genocide".[165]

On 13 February 2024, Finance Minister

USAID chief Samantha Power stated more aid needed to enter Gaza, calling the situation "a matter of life and death".[171] Following a US announcement that it was beginning airdrops of aid and building a temporary port off the coast of Gaza, Michael Fakhri, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, stated, "The time when countries use air drops and these maritime piers is usually, if not always, in situations when you want to deliver humanitarian aid into enemy territory".[172]

As of March 2024, there are ongoing efforts to address the crisis include attempts to negotiate a humanitarian aid cease-fire and allow for the provision of aid in addition to a hostage release deal.[173] The International Committee of the Red Cross stated in late-March: "Some families receive a can of food every other day for the whole family".[174] In late-March, residents reported that animal feed was running out in parts of Gaza.[175]

Israeli blocking of aid

See also: 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip and Israel–Hamas war protests in Israel § Protest against humanitarian aid
This section is an excerpt from Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war § Israeli blocking of aid.[edit]
Trucks with humanitarian aid waiting to cross from Egypt into the Gaza Strip

Before being allowed entry into Gaza the humanitarian aid trucks are put through a stringent list of rules and regulations based on Israeli inspectors. The US president and chief executive of Save the Children, Janti Soeripto explained the convoluted regulations to reporters causing items to be turned back, like

Antonio Guterres, the UN secretary-general, stated that alleviating conditions in Gaza "requires Israel removing the remaining obstacles and chokepoints to relief".[181]

An investigation found that Israel was blocking cancer medications, sleeping bags, drinking water purification tablets, and maternity kits from entering Gaza, leading the Save the Children US president to state she had "never seen anything like the level of barriers being put in place to hamper humanitarian assistance".[176] MP Rosena Allin-Khan stated that Israel had prevented water filters from entering Gaza, asking rhetorically: "What threat does a water filter, supplied by the UK government, have?"[182] The UN reported Israel had rejected aid trucks for carrying medical scissors.[183] On 6 March, Israel continued to block a major US shipment of flour from entering Gaza, after having already blocked it from entering for 46 days.[184] On 7 March 2024, Israeli police blocked an aid convoy organized by the Jewish-Arab cooperation group Standing Together.[185]

The president of the

Kafkaesque.[188] In response to Israel stating it would no longer allow UNRWA to deliver aid to northern Gaza,[189] Martin Griffiths stated, "The decision to block its food convoys to the north only pushes thousands closer to famine. It must be revoked."[190] The EU's Josep Borrell stated, "Enough food for the people starving in Gaza is stockpiled and waiting to enter through land routes".[191]

Gisha, an Israeli human rights organization, stated Israel was blocking dual-use items and that it had petitioned the Israeli Supreme Court to order Israel to meets its obligations to civilians in Gaza.[192]

Israeli attacks

See also:
March 2024 Kuwait Roundabout attacks

On 25 January 2024, the Gaza Health Ministry reported an Israeli attack on aid seekers had killed 20 and wounded 150.

UNOCHA stated it was the fifth report of Israeli firing upon people waiting for humanitarian aid.[197] On 18 February, multiple instances of Israeli sniper attacks on civilians seeking humanitarian assistance were reported.[198] On 20 February, at least one Palestinian civilian was killed while waiting to receive humanitarian aid.[199] People seeking aid were attacked by Israeli forces on multiple occasions.[200][201] UNOCHA stated on 27 February that "aid convoys have come under fire and are systematically denied access to people in need".[202] On 28 February, medical sources in Gaza City reported three people were killed while waiting for aid on al-Rashid Street.[203]

On 29 February, more than 100 people seeking humanitarian died in the Flour massacre, following Israeli gunfire at the Al Nabulsi roundabout west of Gaza City.[204] The United Nations called for an investigation on 1 March into the killing of humanitarian aid seekers, stating it had "recorded at least 14 incidents involving shooting and shelling of people gathered to receive desperately needed supplies".[205]

On 2 March, three people in

Deir el-Balah.[207][208] Later on the same day, dozens of civilians were killed in an Israeli attack on aid seekers at the Kuwaiti roundabout in Gaza City.[209] The Ministry of Health called it a "horrific massacre".[210] On 4 March, another attack was reported at the Kuwaiti roundabout, after thousands of people waited all day for humanitarian aid, Israeli soldiers opened fire on them as soon as the trucks arrived.[211] Al Jazeera stated the attacks on aid seekers had become "a near-daily occurrence".[211] On 6 March, eight people were wounded after Israel fired live rounds at people seeking humanitarian aid at the Nabulsi roundabout.[212] On 7 March, five people were killed while waiting for aid at the Nabulsi roundabout.[213] On 8 March, several people seeking humanitarian aid were reportedly killed by Israeli open fire at the Kuwait Roundabout.[214] By 12 March, Israel had killed an estimated 400 humanitarian aid seekers in Gaza.[215] Israeli attacks on humanitarian aid seekers was described as the "new normal" for Palestinians in northern Gaza.[216]

On 13 March, at least nine aid seekers were shot and wounded by Israeli troops at the Kuwaiti roundabout.

fired on Palestinians receiving aid at the Kuwaiti roundabout, killing 21 and injuring more than 150 others.[218][219] In a statement on 15 March, the UN humanitarian aid chief Martin Griffiths stated that attacks on aid seekers "cannot be allowed to continue".[220] The Norwegian Refugee Council stated the attacks "shouldn’t be happening".[221] On 19 March, at least 23 people were killed when Israeli fighter jets targeted a group of aid coordinators at the Kuwaiti roundabout.[222]

On 1 April 2024, an

Israel-Hamas war.[223]

Effect on children

See also: Effect of the Israel–Hamas war on children in the Gaza Strip and Death of Yazan al-Kafarneh

On 14 January, Philippe Lazzarini stated, "Whenever you go to a school, the kids are looking at your eyes begging for a sip of water or a loaf of bread."[224] On 16 January, officials reported newborn babies with undernourished mothers were dying within days, and children weakened by starvation were dying from hypothermia.[155] On 18 January, the deputy executive director of UNICEF took a tour of the Gaza Strip, stating he had witnessed "some of the most horrific conditions I have ever seen" and that "thousands of children are malnourished and sick."[225][226] On 10 February 2024, a UNICEF spokesperson said Gaza had the world's highest rate of child malnutrition.[227] On 17 February, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor reported an instance of an 8-year-old girl who had died from starvation and dehydration.[228]

On 19 February, UNICEF found that nearly 16 percent of children in northern Gaza under two-years-old were "

Deir el-Balah, stated 11 percent of the under-five-year-olds they had seen were experiencing malnutrition.[234]

A doctor at Kamal Adwan Hospital stated they had seen a steep rise in pediatric malnutrition cases.

food poisoning after eating bread made from animal feed.[237] Four more children died of starvation on 29 February, bringing the week's total to at least ten.[238][239] Melanie Ward, the director of Medical Aid for Palestinians, stated, "This is the fastest decline in a population's nutrition status ever recorded. That means children are being starved at the fastest rate the world has ever seen."[240] On 3 March, health officials stated at least fifteen children at Kamal Adwan Hospital had died of malnutrition and dehydration in the preceding few days.[241] CNN reported that the true number could be higher, with a UNICEF representative stating there were likely more starving children "fighting for their lives" in other parts of Gaza.[2][242]

Yazan al-Kafarneh, a 10-year-old boy who died from starvation, was described as "the face" of the famine.[243] The father of a 5-year-old who died from starvation stated, "He did not suffer from any disease. My child died before my eyes because of hunger".[244]

Infants and newborns

A two-month-old baby died in

premature babies had died from malnutrition-related diseases in the past five weeks.[249] The United Nations reported that one-third of children under two were "acutely malnourished" by 16 March.[250] Catherine M. Russell, the head of UNICEF, stated, "I have been in wards where babies are suffering from malnutrition, the whole ward is absolutely quiet because the babies don’t even have the energy to cry."[251] WHO stated, "What doctors and medical staff are telling us is more and more they are seeing the effects of starvation; they’re seeing newborn babies simply dying because they (are) too low birth weight".[252] On 15 March, UNICEF reported that acute malnutrition amongst under-two-year-olds had doubled in one month.[253]

In late-March 2024, doctors at Kamal Adwan Hospital stated babies were dying from hunger and dehydration.[254]

Impact on the elderly

In March 2024, the elderly were reportedly dying at an "alarmingly high rate", with the Euro-Med Monitor stating it was receiving daily reports of the elderly dying of starvation.[255] The group stated, "The majority of these cases do not reach hospital... after dying at home, the elderly are buried either close to their residences or in makeshift graves".[256]

Accusations of war crimes

Main article: War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war

I have ordered a complete siege on the Gaza Strip. There will be no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel. Everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly.

— Yoav Gallant, (Israel Defense Minister)[257]

On 18 December 2023,

Alex De Waal stated Israel was committing a war crime through enforced starvation, stating, "An entire population being reduced to this stage is really unprecedented. We haven’t seen it in Ethiopia, in Sudan and Yemen – pretty much anywhere else in the world."[261]

On 13 February, US Senator

Agnes Callamard stated that week's death of ten children from malnutrition was unlawful and the result of an Israeli "engineered famine".[265]

The

UN Human Rights Office spokesman, stated Israel's conduct may constitute "starvation as a method of war, which is a war crime".[270]

Ayman Safadi, the Foreign Minister of Jordan, stated, "Israel is weaponizing starvation. This is another horrific war crime."[271] The Foreign Minister of the Republic of Ireland Micheál Martin stated, "The use of starvation as a weapon of war is a blatant violation of international humanitarian law."[272] Caroline Gennez, Belgium’s minister of development cooperation, stated Israel's use of hunger as weapon of war was a "flagrant violation of international law".[273]

Reactions

Israel's actions, according to its government, aim to neutralize Hamas as a security threat, including preventing military resources from being smuggled under the guise of humanitarian aid.[58][57] Efforts to address the crisis include attempts to negotiate cease-fires and allow for the provision of aid, though challenges persist due to the continuation of hostilities and the difficulty in delivering aid amid the fighting.[173]

January 2024

On 7 January,

secretary-general of the UN António Guterres stated "widespread famine looms" in Gaza.[274] The UN special rapporteur for health Tlaleng Mofokeng responded to Guterres, stating Gaza was experiencing "deliberate starvation not famine".[275] Speaking at the United Nations Security Council on 12 January, Martin Griffiths stated colleagues who had made it into northern Gaza in recent days had described "scenes of utter horror: Corpses left lying in the road. People with evident signs of starvation stopping trucks in search of anything they can get to survive."[276]

On 11 January, the Israeli

Rafah border crossing, US Senator Chris Van Hollen described the entry of humanitarian aid into Gaza as an "unnecessarily cumbersome process".[279]

The heads of the

suspending funding of UNRWA, the agency stated "over 2 million people [are] depending on it for their sheer survival" as "hunger stalks everyone."[282]

February 2024

On 14 February, a joint statement by fourteen major human rights organizations, including

Solidarités International, and War Child UK stated, "The risk of famine is increasing each day in Gaza due to the continuation of hostilities, and the continued blockade of the Strip."[283]

The American Friends Service Committee stated, "Everyone is hungry in Gaza today. That is just enormous and truly catastrophic, and we’ve never seen anything like that before."[284] Alex de Waal, a British academic, stated, "There’s no doubt that certain senior members of the Israel government and certain groups within Israeli society have the intent of starving Gaza."[285] He further stated, "Nothing compares to Gaza over the last 75 years."[286]

On 18 February, the heads of eight major humanitarian organizations — including the Norwegian Refugee Council, Mercy Corps,

CARE USA, Save the Children, Action Against Hunger, and Catholic Relief Services — wrote a joint op-ed, stating, "If the situation continues we will see one of the biggest disasters we have faced as humanitarians... this crisis will soon reach a tipping point, where emergency food aid won't be enough. Averting mass death becomes harder as starvation gains momentum."[287] The Gaza Media Office stated on 20 February, "We hold the US administration and the international community additionally to Israel fully responsible for this famine."[288]

On 21 February, World Food Programme chief Cindy McCain stated, "A famine doesn’t have to happen. But if things don’t change, it will".[289] Tor Wennesland stated on 22 February that more than 2 million people were facing extreme food insecurity.[290] On 23 February, a UNOCHA official stated, "Famine is looming".[291] The head of the Red Cross stated on 26 February: "80% of the population already faces emergency or catastrophic acute food insecurity conditions".[292] Ramesh Rajasingham, the UN humanitarian affairs chief, stated that if nothing was done to change the status quo then "widespread famine in Gaza is almost inevitable".[293] On 27 February, Michael Fakhri, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, said there was "no reason to intentionally block the passage of humanitarian aid or intentionally obliterate small-scale fishing vessels, greenhouses and orchards in Gaza – other than to deny people access to food."[294] Fakhri stated what's happening in Gaza is genocide.[294]

On 29 February, the humanitarian policy director of

Oxfam America stated the organization was opposed to proposed US airdrops, stating, "Oxfam does not support US airdrops to Gaza, which would mostly serve to relieve the guilty consciences of senior US officials whose policies are contributing to the ongoing atrocities and risk of famine in Gaza".[295]

The UN World Food Programme warned of a real prospect of famine by May 2024, for half a million people.[296]

March 2024

A man in Rafah spoke to Al Jazeera, stating, "From the moment we wake up until the moment we sleep, we are battling to survive. We are fighting to get our hands on some water, to get hold of a loaf of bread for our children. We are exhausted, mentally and physically. This is unbearable."[297] Save the Children released a statement saying children in Gaza were "forced to forage for scraps of food left by rats and eating leaves out of desperation. The risk of famine will increase so long as the government of Israel continues to impede the entry of aid."[298] UNICEF responded to news of children dying from starvation, stating, "Now, the child deaths we feared are here and are likely to rapidly increase unless the war ends and obstacles to humanitarian relief are immediately resolved"[299] On 5 March, UNOCHA stated that the first deaths of children from starvation in northern Gaza were "a warning like no other".[300] A World Food Programme director stated, "The is nowhere else in the world where so many people face imminent famine".[301]

In

Janez Lenarcic stated, "We already have a very strong and credible indication that there are pockets of famine already in the Gaza Strip."[306]

A displaced Palestinian speaking to Al Jazeera English in late-March stated, "The situation is so bad that no one can imagine it".[307] Martin Griffiths stated the world should "hang its head in shame" for failing to prevent the famine.[308] In a report, Islamic Relief stated, "Palestinians are not just starving; they are being starved".[309] The International Rescue Committee, stated, "Children are starving due to an entirely man-made and preventable crisis. There is no excuse".[310] Melanie Ward, the CEO of Medical Aid for Palestinians, stated, "If Israel would only let food aid in, we could stop the starvation immediately."[311] Oxfam stated the famine was the result of Israel's bombing of Gaza and "using starvation as a weapon of war".[312]

Citing the IPC, the US Secretary of State acknowledged on 19 March: "100 percent of the population in Gaza is at severe levels of acute food insecurity. That’s the first time an entire population has been so classified".[313] Naledi Pandor, South Africa's Foreign Minister, stated that as famine set in, humanity needed to look at itself "in horror and dismay".[314] Caroline Gennez, the Belgian Minister of Development, stated Israel wouldn't defeat Hamas by using hunger as a weapon to starve civilians.[315] The World Bank stated the "situation in the Gaza Strip has reached catastrophic levels".[316] Rishi Sunak, the prime minister of the United Kingdom, stated under questioning: "We need urgent action now to avoid a famine".[317] On 18 March 2024, the UN secretary-general António Guterres stated the imminent famine was an "entirely man-made disaster".[318]

After the passage of UNSC Resolution 2728, the UN director of Human Rights Watch stated Israel needed to begin "facilitating the delivery of humanitarian aid, ending its starvation of Gaza’s population, and halting unlawful attacks".[319] A provisional measure issued by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in South Africa v. Israel found "Palestinians in Gaza are no longer facing only a risk of famine... but that famine is setting in".[320] David J. Simon, the Director of the Genocide Studies Program at Yale University, wrote, "Failing to act raises the possibility the [ICJ] will make a finding of genocide".[321] Amnesty International responded to the ICJ's provisional measures, stating, "This new ruling must serve as a critical reminder to all states of their clear duty to prevent genocide".[322]

April 2024

A director of Save the Children stated, "Starvation must never be used as a weapon of war – 27 children have already been killed by starvation and disease. If the world fails to act now countless more children will be added to that number."[323] On 16 April, Andrea De Domenico, the head of UNOCHA in Palestine, stated, "We're dealing with this dance where we do one step forward, two steps backward, or two steps forward, one step backward, which leaves us basically always at the same point".[324] On 23 April, David M. Satterfield, the U.S. special envoy for humanitarian issues, stated that the risk of famine throughout Gaza, and especially in the north, was "very high".[325]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ as of 1 April 2024.[1]
  2. ^ According to CNN, the true number of people dead from starvation may already be higher, as "limited access to northern Gaza has hindered the ability of aid agencies to fully assess the situation there."[2]
  3. Btselem has stated the famine is a direct outcome of Israeli policy: "This reality is not a byproduct of war, but a direct result of Israel's declared policy. Residents now depend entirely on food supplies from outside Gaza, as they can no longer produce almost any food themselves. Most cultivated fields have been destroyed, and accessing open areas during the war is dangerous in any case. Bakeries, factories and food warehouses have been bombed or shut down due to lack of basic supplies, fuel and electricity."[7]
  4. ^ The complicated procedures for obtaining clearances from Israel at the transit points also caused notable spoilage further reducing the food allowed in. Prospective import goods had to arrive in Israeli trucks, which were unloaded as the goods were transferred to 'neutral' trucks that then were allowed transit to the Gaza side. Once there, the consignments had to be unloaded from the neutral trucks and reloaded on Gazan trucks.[44]
  5. ^ A peanut-butter flavoured corn snack, prohibited because, according to one Israeli official, 'We don't want Gilad Shalit's captors to be munching Bamba right over his head".'[45]
  6. ^ The agricultural sector, including crop farming, fisheries, livestock farming and poultry farming, suffered direct losses worth some US$ 170 million. Indirect losses have still to be definitively calculated. One business organization estimates that 60 per cent of all agricultural land had been destroyed, 40 per cent directly during the military operations. Moreover, 17 per cent of all orchards, 8.3 per cent of livestock, 2.6 per cent of poultry, 18.1 per cent of hatcheries, 25.6 per cent of beehives, 9.2 per cent of open fields and 13 per cent of groundwater wells were destroyed. Agriculture had already lost a third of its capacity since the start of the second intifada and the frequent Israeli incursions, according to NGO estimates used by UNDP-Gaza . . Some 250 agricultural wells were reportedly destroyed or severely damaged.[44][47]

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Works cited

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_Strip_famine&oldid=1220958487"