George Blagge
Sir George Blagge (1512 – 17 June 1551) was an English
Background and education
Blagge was the eldest son of[2] Mary Brooke and Robert Blagge.
- Robert Blagge was an Tudor administration and owned land in several parts of England:in the south-west in rural Somerset and at Bristol; near London at Holloway and Westminster in Middlesex; and in the south-east, especially at Dartford and elsewhere in Kent.[2] The latter was acquired through his first marriage, to Katherine Brune or Brown.[3]
- Mary Brooke was the daughter of John Brooke, 7th Baron Cobham of Cobham, Kent, an important landowner in the vicinity of Blagge's Kent holdings. Their son George was born about 1512.
- Robert Blagge was an
George's father, Robert, died in 1522
There seems to have been some confusion about his legacy. In 1516 he had procured a patent for Barnaby, a son of his first marriage, to receive his own old post of
Robert Blagge left George the use of his lands in the south-west and at Holloway, as well as two houses at Dartford. One of the elder sons took the property in Westminster, but it seems that George later moved there, as he was described as "of Westminster", in his pardon of 1546.
George Blagge was educated at Cambridge.[1]
Early career
The search for patronage
As with many minor member of the landed gentry, Blagge's early career consisted mainly of a search for patronage from a great man who might provide openings and opportunities for advancement. However, he was unfortunate in his choice of patrons, the two most important of whom were involved in fatal or near-fatal political entanglements.
Initially he attached himself to
- There is no news since you left. They say that the king of France is making great preparations for war with the duke of Savoy, and war materials are brought here from Paris. Four days since he was so ill in the night that his thirst could not easily be quenched, and there is great danger of his having a relapse of the same complaint he had when you were here. This will be sad news both for us and his subjects. Perhaps it had better not be spoken of; therefore commit this letter to the flames, unless you wish to communicate it to Knevet, to whom, as to Wiot, give my best remembrance….Give my respects to dom. Brianus, to whom I would have written if I had anything worth communicating.
The letter was addressed to Blagge "in Aula," in the Palace, so Blagge, Wyatt and Sir Henry Knyvet were at this point with Bryan, as part of the embassy.
Wyatt narrowly escaped with his head in 1536, when he was one of those rumoured to have had intercourse with Anne Boleyn. However, Cromwell's protection allowed him to emerge as Henry's resident ambassador to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1537, although his chances of high office in England were ruined.[8] Blagge accompanied him to France and Spain, and acted as diplomatic courier for him in 1539, returning to England with his dispatches from Toledo in February.[11] Blagge repaid his patron by standing witness for him when he was accused of diplomatic misconduct 1541.[12] Wyatt died in the following year.
Blagge then attached himself to the Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, a friend of Wyatt and a distinguished poet. Surrey was the son and heir of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, one of the most powerful magnates in the land. Blagge was the earl's senior by a few years and was not afraid to rebuke him for his erratic behaviour – a fact noted by Millicent Arundel, a witness before the Privy Council when, in March 1543, it investigated and punished Surrey's and Thomas Wyatt the Younger's rioting in London, which involved shooting in the streets as well as glass breaking.[13] In July of that year English forces under Sir John Wallop were sent to support Imperial forces in defence of the Low Countries[14] on the northern front of the Italian War of 1542–1546, moving out of the Pale of Calais. Blagge accompanied Surrey, taking 12 infantry from Kent on the expedition.[15] He and Sir George Carew were nearly killed by sniper fire when they were inspecting a forward trench at the siege of Landrecies, a town occupied by the French early in the campaign. Both Surrey and Blagge gained considerable credit from their courage in the fighting. A letter of September 1543 from Sir Ralph Vane to Knyvet shows that Blagge was known by his comrades by the pet name Tom Trubbe.[16] Blagge was again listed as part of the Kent contingent in 1544.[17] His war service was probably a contributory factor when, on 11 March 1544, Blagge, the "King's servant," was granted the stewardship of the manor of Maidstone. However, the post had previously been held by his friend, Thomas Wyatt and the terms of the grant made clear that Blagge was appointed in his place.[18]
At some point before 1547,
MP for Bedford
A measure of Blagge's progress was his election to Parliament to represent the borough of Bedford early in 1545. Both Bedford and Bedfordshire were dominated by a coterie of local gentry[20] – notably the Mordaunts, the Gascoignes and the St. Johns.[21] However, Sir Francis Bryan, who knew Blagge well from his diplomatic service alongside their mutual friend Wyatt, was influential in the borough and may already have been its recorder, as he certainly was in the next reign. A consummate political fixer and a close intimate of the king, Bryan is thought to have arranged the election of at least five members for Bedford.[20] It is very likely that he arranged the election of both Blagge and Henry Parker, the other member elected in 1545. Parker was a long-standing servant of Bryan and was also, like Blagge, a member of the royal household.[22] The parliament had been summoned on 1 December 1544 but did not assemble for its first session until almost a year later. Its deliberations were brief. When he was arrested in 1546, Blagge was an elected Member, but because Parliament was not in session, nor about to sit, according to the customs of the time he was not protected by parliamentary privilege.[2]
Heresy trial
Towards the end of Henry VIII's reign, Blagge allegedly attracted attention because of his
- The twelfe daie of Julie were arraigned at the Guildhall for Certaine heresey, John Hemley, priest, de Essex, John Lasell, gentleman, one of the sewers of the Kinges chamber, and Georg Blage, gentleman, a man of faire landes, which said persons that daie were first endited of heresie against the sacrament of the aulter, and ymediatlie arraygned on the same, the priest and Lasceles not denying the same their opinions but confessing them guiltie; and Mr. Blage abode the triall of twelve men, for he was sent for to my Lord Chauncelors but the night before, and this daie sent to Newgate not halfe an howre or he was brought to the hall, nor knew not wherfore he was taken, for he was never examyned before he came to his arraignemente...[7]
In Blagge's
- The wordes whiche his accusers layd vnto hym, were these: What if a Mouse should eate the bread? then by my consent they should hang vp the Mouse. Where as in dede these woordes hee neuer spake, as to hys lyues end hee protested.[19]
The account of his alleged words given in his pardon is substantially similar.[6] Despite his claims that it was a misunderstanding or the result of a trick, Blagge was found guilty. He was sentenced to be burned for heresy the following Wednesday and sent to Newgate Prison.
The chronicle makes clear that the situation was desperate, as the entire case was overshadowed by that of Anne Askew, who was burnt for her sacramentarian beliefs after being prosecuted by Thomas Wriothesley.
- The sixtenth of Julie was brent in Smythfielde John Lassells, gent., Anne Keme, alias Askewe, gentlewoman, John Hemley, priest, and John Hadlam, taylor, which fower persons were before condempned by the Kinges lawes of heresie against the sacrament of the alter….Maister Blage, White, and Shaxston had their pardons of the Kinges Majestie for landes, liffe, and goodes.[26]
In Foxe's account, the distinction was that Blagge had friends in high places. The king had not heard of the proceedings until he heard whisperings among his household. John Russell, the Lord Privy Seal, then appealed to him on Blagge's behalf, and at that point Henry immediately issued a pardon, allowing Blagge to avoid execution,[27] and ordered Wriothesley to release him. Blagge was then summoned by the king:
- commyng after to the kynges presence: ah my pygge, sayth the kyng to hym (for so hee was wont to call hym). Yea sayd hee, if your Maiestie had not bene better to me then your Byshops were, your pygge had bene rosted ere this tyme.[19]
Foxe implies that Blagge's narrow escape was down to an element of luck. The unfortunate Lassells was also well-connected but was nevertheless burnt.
Like Charles Wriothesley, Foxe sets the drama against the backdrop of Anne Askew's sensational trial and execution to make clear that the threat to Blagge was real enough. However, Blagge not only escaped but probably benefitted from the additional royal attention. On 13 November 1546 he was appointed to the lucrative post of comptroller of the petty custom in the port of London.[28]
It is unclear whether Blagge actually held the sacramentarian views attributed to him, and, if so, when and how he moved to an evangelical position. It is likely that it was at about this time that he married Dorothy Badby: the marriage is known to have occurred by 1548 and Blagge's children were still very young when he died in 1551. It is possible that this marked an important turn in his religious thinking. Dorothy remarried twice into radically
Later career
Religious and political polarisation
However, Blagge soon became seen as a spokesman for the Protestant cause because of a series of court appearances. The first of these was in the heraldic trial of Surrey in January 1547. The earl was accused of appropriating royal insignia, specifically the arms of
In court, Blagge averred that Surrey had often boasted of the power the Howards would wield after Henry's death, when Edward would require a regency. An altercation between Blagge and Surrey on the matter was attested in the deposition of Edward Rogers, who recalled that he had been told of it in the Spring of 1545. According to Rogers, Blagge had
- related how he had said to the Earl of Surrey that he thought that such as the King should specially appoint thereto should be meetest to rule the Prince in the event of the King's death. The Earl on the contrary held that his father was meetest, both for good services done and for estate. Blage replied that then the Prince should be but evil taught; and, in multiplying words, said "Rather than it should come to pass that the Prince should be under the government of your father or you, I would bide the adventure to thrust this dagger in you." The Earl said he was very hasty, and that God sent a shrewd cow short horns. "Yea, my lord (quod Blage), and I trust your horns also shall be kept so short as ye shall not be able to do any hurt with them." Afterwards the Earl, who at the time had no weapon, took sword and dagger and went to Blage's house "and said unto him, that of late he had been very hasty with him"; but what passed further Deponent does not remember.[31]
Blagge was one of more than twenty witnesses marshalled by the king to convict Surrey, who was executed later in the month. Norfolk, his father, only escaped the block because Henry VIII died early on the day scheduled for his execution. Surrey was not much of a politician and even less of a Catholic zealot: his imprisonment in 1543 was partly for failing to keep the fast in Lent.[30] Blagge lent himself, whether from conviction or from convenience, to the idea that there was a conspiracy to deny the Evangelicals a predominance in the next reign and his evidence seemed the more valuable because he could be seen as a victim of it. It is unclear whether this contest for power was a reality or an ex post facto construct.
Surrey addressed his old friend in one of his last works, a paraphrase of Psalm 73:
- But now, my BLAGE, my error well I see;
- Such goodly light king David giveth me.[32]
The name Blage has replaced the word blame in earlier editions of the poem.
Supporting the régime
Blagge's trials and testimonies made him well-adapted to prosper under the regency régime that followed the death of Henry VIII on 28 January 1547. In 1547, for the first time, he was appointed justice of the peace in his home county of Kent.[33]
The Parr marriage
At some point in the same year he stood alongside the mainstays of the régime, as well as performing a service for his own relatives, by acting as
Military exploits
Blagge was joint commissioner for the musters for the Scottish campaign of that year, with
MP for Westminster
It was perhaps the support of Somerset that secured Blagge one of the
The parliament lasted for most of Edward VI's reign, outliving many of its members, including Blagge. After his death, his seat was taken by Robert Nowell, a young lawyer and a client of William Cecil.[39]
The fall of Thomas Seymour
Blagge was a faithful supporter of the successive regency regimes. In 1548 he was called upon to testify against
- The Lord Admiral ... said unto me, ‘Here is gear shall come amongst you, my masters of the Nether House, shortly’. ‘What is that, my Lord?’ said I. ‘Marry’, said he, ‘requests to have the King better ordered, and not kept close that no man may see him’, and so entered with sundry mislikings of my Lord Protector’s proceedings touching the bringing up of the King’s Majesty ... I said, ‘Who shall put this into the House?’ ‘Myself’, said he. ‘Why then’, said I, ‘you make no longer reckoning of your brother’s friendship if you propose to go this way to work’.[40]
Although his downfall was postponed, the Admiral's own rashness led him to attainder and execution in the following year, some months after Catherine Parr's death after childbirth. Blagge and John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick, made depositions in relation to the attainder in January 1549,[41] alleging that Thomas Seymour had threatened to stab anyone who attempted to arrest him. At some point Blagge seems to have transferred his loyalty to Warwick.
Rewards and responsibilities
Early in 1550, after the fall of Protector Somerset and the coming to power of Warwick, Blagge began to gather tangible rewards for his continuing loyalty to the Protestant order.
On 8 February 1550 Blagge received a large and varied portfolio of property, from a number of former ecclesiastical owners, mainly in Kent. The grant was made explicitly in recognition of Blagge's service in both war and peace to Henry VIII, although to secure it he had to pay £316 16s. 3d. at the Court of Augmentations. He was evidently forced to draw on funds from a friend to do so, as the grant was made jointly to himself and Richard Goodrich, who was later to marry his widow. It consisted largely of the endowments of two chantries. One was that of St Mary at Dartford.[42] The other was at the College of All Saints, Maidstone.[43] Maidstone college itself had been dissolved in one of the first acts of the new Protestant government and it was granted on 10 May 1549 to George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham,[44] Blagge's cousin. The properties granted to Blagge were extensive but fragmented, including farms, woods, pasture and marsh. Beyond Kent, there was also a brewery called the "Bolte and Tunne" in Fleet Street that had previously belonged to the Carmelites of Whitefriars, London: like most of the other properties, however, it had sitting tenants, whose interests were protected.
On 22 April that year Blagge acquired a
When the manor of Maidstone was granted to Robert Wyatt the Younger on 13 June 1550, as part of a general disposal of former ecclesiastical property, Blagge's interests were scrupulously protected. His wages as steward, including arrears, were specifically earmarked in the grant.[49]
In 1551 Blagge was appointed a commissioner for the relief for both Kent and Middlesex,[50] one of those responsible for ensuring this archaic due, which still formed an important part of the English fiscal system, was collected in full.
Testimony against Gardiner
Blagge was called upon to give evidence in proceedings against Stephen Gardiner, the bishop of Winchester and formerly Henry VIII's secretary and his chief adviser during the persecution of Protestants in the mid-1540s. He was able to testify that he had been offended by one of the bishop's sermons attacking the sacramentarian position some three years earlier – an ironic commentary on his own earlier troubles. However, he was careful in what he alleged, refusing to go beyond his admittedly hazy memory of events.
- he sayeth that he was present at the Sermon made on saynt Peters daye, in the second yere of the reigne of kyng Edward the sixt (29 June 1548), at whiche tyme this deponent harde the sayde byshop preache vpon the Sacrament, and the masse: wherewith this deponent, and dyuerse other (as he sayeth) were then offended. But what specially the byshop spake of the Sacramēt and the masse, this deponent doth not nowe certainly remember.[51]
Poet
Blagge belonged to a circle of poets but his own poetry is considered poor.[2] His output was probably considerable but only about six poems survive, mainly on political themes. They include verse on Catherine Parr and Jane Seymour, although the best known is a mordant epitaph for Wriothesley:
- Picture of pride; of papistry the plat:
- In whom Treason, as in a throne did sit;
- With ireful eye, aye glearing like a cat,
- Killing by spite whom he thought good to hit.
- This dog is dead ...
Blagge's most important contribution to English poetry was his habit of collecting his friends' poems. The result was the famous
Death
George Blagge died on 17 June 1551 at his manor of Great Stanmore. The final outbreak of the mysterious disease known as sweating sickness was raging and there were many victims in the court. Blagge was probably one of them. He had neglected to make a will, suggesting a sudden onset of illness. He left his two-year-old son, Henry, as his heir.
Following Blagge's death, he was replaced by Henry Gate as comptroller of petty custom as early as 27 June 1551.
Personal life
Marriage
Blagge married Dorothy Badby or Badbye, who was probably considerably younger and outlived him by several decades: she was still alive in 1578.[55] Dorothy was the daughter of William Badby of Essex, a landowner who had been known to speculate in former monastic properties.[56] She was a maid of honour to Catherine of Aragon before she married Blagge.[57] She and Blagge are known to have had three children: a son and two daughters.[2]
After Blagge's death, Dorothy married Richard Goodrich (also Goodricke) of Bolingbroke,[55] formerly three times MP for Great Grimsby. Goodrich was a staunch Protestant and an eminent Gray's Inn lawyer, active in drafting ecclesiastical reforms under Edward VI, and he had taken part with Blagge in proceedings against Bishop Gardiner.[58] He had been married to Mary Blagge or Blage or Blake but had obtained a divorce and separation from her. During the reign of Mary, in a case she took action for the restitution of her conjugal rights and dowry, the latter case being heard by Gardiner in the Court of Chancery. Dorothy had two further children with Goodrich: Richard and Elizabeth.[59] He died in 1562.
Dorothy then married Sir Ambrose Jermyn,
Children
George Blagge and Dorothy Badby had the following issue:
- Henry Blagge, born about 1549,[29] a Puritan MP for Sudbury in the 1580s. He married his step-sister Hester Jermyn.[60] He inherited land from the Jermyns and the site of Bury St Edmunds Abbey from the Badby family, as well as his father's lands.
- Ambrose Blagge, their son, was the father of the Royalist Civil War commander Colonel Thomas Blagge.
- Judith Blagge, who married Sir Robert Jermyn, the eldest son and heir of Sir Ambrose, a radical Puritan politician.[61]
- Susan, their youngest daughter, married Sir William Hervey, a more neutral politician.[63] They became ancestors of the Marquesses of Bristol, who retain the title Earl Jermyn.
Footnotes
- ^ a b c "Blagge, George (BLG512G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ a b c d e f Miller, Helen (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Blagge, George (1512/13-51), of Westminster, Mdx. and Dartford, Kent". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d Foss, p. 99.
- ^ Webb. The parish: Inhabitants, note anchor 45.
- ^ Webb. The parish: Inhabitants, note anchor 42.
- ^ a b Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 21, part 1, no. 72, p. 687.
- ^ a b Wriothesley’s Chronicle, p. 169.
- ^ a b Miller, Helen (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Wyatt, Sir Thomas I (by 1504–42), of Allington Castle, Kent". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 10, no. 170, p. 61.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 10, no. 177, p. 63.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 14, no. 280-1.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 16, no. 641.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 18, part 1, no. 327-2, page 185.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 18, part 1, no. 831, page 466.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 18, part 1, no. 832, page 467.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 18, part 2, no. 190, page 97.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 19, part 1, page 153, no. 273.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 19, part 1, page 643, no. 37.
- ^ a b c d "The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online (TAMO), 1570 edition: A brief narration of the trouble of Syr george blage". HRI Online Publications, Sheffield. 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ a b Fuidge, N. M. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Bedford". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Fuidge, N. M. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Bedfordshire". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Fuidge, N. M. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Parker, Henry (by 1509–51), of Berden, Essex". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Wriothesley’s Chronicle, p. 115.
- ^ Kirk, L. M.; Hawkyard, A. D.K. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Littleton, Edward (by 1489–1558), of Pillaton, Staffs". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Fuidge, N. M. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Calverley, Sir Hugh (by 1506–58), of Lea, Cheshire". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
- ^ Wriothesley’s Chronicle, p. 169-70.
- ^ Strickland, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 21, part 2, no. 476-63.
- ^ a b J.H. (1981). Hasler, P.W. (ed.). "Blagge, Henry (c. 1549–96), of Little Horningsheath, Suff". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 21, part 2, no. 555-4.
- ^ The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, p. 101
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 1, p. 85.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 1, p. 210.
- ^ Davidson, Alan (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Members 1509–1558 – HOLCROFT, Sir John (by 1498–1560)". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Shaw, p. 61-2.
- ^ Hawkyard, A. D.K. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Westminster". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Miller, Helen (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Rede, John I (by 1509–57), of Westminster, Mdx". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
- ^ Miller, Helen; Hawkyard, A. D.K. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Nowell, Robert (c.1520–69), of Gray's Inn, London and Hendon, Mdx". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
- ^ Tytler, p. 146-7.
- ^ Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth, p. 13.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 3, p. 169.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 3, p. 170.
- ^ Page. Colleges: Maidstone, note anchor 17.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Elizabeth, volume 2, p. 608.
- ^ Baggs et al. Great Stanmore: Manor and other estates, note anchor 8.
- ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, volume 21, part 2, p. 419, no. 771-34.
- ^ Stow, p. 1017.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 3, p. 338.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 5, p. 355-6.
- ^ "The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online (TAMO), 1563 edition, p. 868". HRI Online Publications, Sheffield. 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ Daalder, Joost (1984): Wyatt Manuscripts and “The Court of Venus”, pp. 84–5, PDF document from Flinders Academic Commons, Flinders University.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 5, p. 373.
- ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward VI, volume 5, p. 378.
- ^ a b Maddison. Lincolnshire Pedigrees, volume 2, p. 415.
- ^ "Victoria County History: Berkshire, Volume 3: Moulsford". British-history.ac.uk. 22 June 2003. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Emerson. A Who’s Who of Tudor Women: B-Bl Archived 22 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hofman, T. M. (1982). Bindoff, Stanley Thomas (ed.). "Goodrich (Goderick), Richard (by 1508–62), of Bolingbroke, Lincs. and London". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
- ^ Maddison. Lincolnshire Pedigrees, volume 2, p. 416.
- ^ a b Metcalfe. Visitations of Suffolk, p. 199.
- ^ Fuidge, N. M. (1981). Hasler, P.W. (ed.). "Jermyn, Sir Robert (d.1614), of Rushbrooke, Suff". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Ferris, John P; Sgroi, Rosemary (2010). Thrush, Andrew; Ferris, John P. (eds.). "Jermyn (Germaine), Sir Thomas (1573–1645), of Rushbrooke, nr. Bury St. Edmunds, Suff. and Whitehall". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Ferris, John P; Sgroi, Rosemary (2010). Thrush, Andrew; Ferris, John P. (eds.). "Hervey, Sir William II (1586–1660), of Ickworth, Suff". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer/History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Blomefield, p. 334.
References
- Baggs, A. P.; Bolton, Diane K.; Scarff, Eileen P.; Tyack, G. C. (22 June 2003). Great Stanmore – Manor and other estates. Vol. 5. British History Online, formerly Victoria County History. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
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- Daalder, Joost (1984). "Wyatt Manuscripts and 'The Court of Venus'". Flinders Academic Commons. Flinders University. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- Page, William Henry, eds. (1923). Parishes: Moulsford. Vol. 3. Victoria County History/Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 27 June 2017.)
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- Gairdner, James, ed. (1887). Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII. Vol. 10. London: HMSO. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
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- Gairdner, James; Brodie, R. H., eds. (1894). "Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII". British History Online. Vol. 16. HMSO/Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
- Gairdner, James; Brodie, R. H., eds. (1901). Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII. Vol. 18. London: HMSO. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
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