Gillenia
| Gillenia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gillenia stipulata illustration from Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada (1913) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amygdaloideae |
| Tribe: | Gillenieae
|
| Genus: | Gillenia Moench |
| Species | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
Gillenia (
endemic to dry open woods with acidic soils in eastern North America. Both plants are subshrubs with exposed semi-woody branches and serrated leaves; the larger lower leaves are divided into palmately arranged leaflets. Plants bloom in May, June, or July; blooms are composed of five slender white petals which are loosely arranged and typically appear slightly twisted and limp as if they were wilted. The flowers mature into small capsules. G. stipulata and G. trifoliata are often planted as ornamentals[1] and used in herbal medicine.[2][3][4]
Classification and name
Traditionally this genus is considered to be related to Spiraea,[5] but it became apparent that it comes from the lineage which leads to tribe Maleae (which arose from within subfamily Amygdaloideae).[6][7]
Gillenia has a
chromosome number of 9, while Maleae have a haploid chromosome number of 17 (which was probably produced from a Gillenia-like ancestor by doubling the genome and then losing a chromosome). Flower structure and fossil evidence also point to Gillenia sharing distinctive features with the Maleae.[6] Another similarity between Gillenia and Maleae is susceptibility to Phragmidium fungus. Differences between Gillenia and Maleae include the chromosome number and the latter being solely woody pome
bearing plants, while Gillenia is herbaceous and has a dry follicular fruit.
The name Porteranthus (
validly published and a vote at the International Botanical Congress decided that it and Gillenia were not likely to be confused.[11] Thus, Gillenia is the correct name (and Porteranthus was validly published but is superfluous and illegitimate[10]
Art. 52.1).
Species
The two similar species can be distinguished by their stipules. In G. stipulata, the stipules at the base of the leaves, which are round and deeply toothed, persist throughout the life of the plant. In G. trifoliata the long slender stipules are quickly deciduous, this species also tends to have longer leaves and petals.
- Gillenia trifoliata or Porteranthus trifoliatus—mountain Indian physic, Bowman’s root[1]
- Gillenia stipulata or Porteranthus stipulatus—Indian physic, American ipecac[2]
Images
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Gillenia trifoliata flowers -
Mature fruit, an aggregate of follicles
References
- ^ a b "RHS Plantfinder - Gillenia trifoliata". Retrieved 2 March 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-887247-59-7.
- ^ "Gillenia stipulata American Ipecacuanna, American ipecac PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org.
- ^ "Gillenia trifoliata Indian Physic, Bowman's root PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org.
- ^ Focke, W.O. 1894. Rosaceae. In Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten. Edited by A. Engler & K. Prantl. Leipzig, W. Engelmann.
- ^ PMID 21665749. [using the name Maloideae for the subfamily now known as tribe Maleae]
- ^ Potter, D., et al. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43. [Referring to the subfamily by the name "Spiraeoideae"]
- JSTOR 43475709.
- ^ JSTOR 1220698.
- ^ a b ICN 2011 Melbourne Code
- JSTOR 1221916.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gillenia.