Gilliesieae

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Gilliesieae
Ipheion uniflorum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Tribe: Gilliesieae
Baker, J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 14: 509, 1875
Type genus
Gilliesia
Lindl.
Genera

See text

Synonyms
  • Gillesiaceae Lindley
  • Gilliesioideae (Lindl.) Arn.,
Gilliesia graminea, by John Lindley 1826

Gilliesieae is a

septal nectaries
.

Description

Gilliesieae are

septal nectaries. By contrast Leucocoryneae are zygomorphic and have septal nectaries.[1] [2]

Leucocorynae

Leucocoryneae are terrestrial perennial herbaceous plants. They have

seeds (pluriseeded) which are irregular and polyhedral with a black tegmen. The embryo is linear or slightly curved.[3][4][2]

Taxonomy

Representative species
Leucocoryne ixioides
Nothoscordum bivalve
Tristagama patagonicum
Miersia chiliensis

History

monocotyledons, recognised three subfamilies; Gilliesioideae (Lindl.) Am., together with Agapanthoideae and Allioideae.[9] These corresponded to Hutchinson's (1959) three tribes within his expanded Amaryllidaceae (Agapantheae, Allieae, and Gilesieae).[10]
The Gilliesioideae contained nine genera endemic to the southern part of South America, predominantly Chile.

Phylogenetic era (subfamily Gilliesioideae) 1996

In 1996, a

APGII) it was proposed to include Agapanthaceae and Amaryllidaceae under Alliaceae, while recognising an argument for renaming the overarching family from Alliaceae to Amaryllidaceae.[14]

This construction of Gilliesioideae, which represented nearly all the Alliaceae genera (i.e. except Allium and Tulbaghia), implicitly recognised that it was composed of two groups or tribes, informally referred to as Ipheieae and Gilliesieae. The Ipheieae were

polyphyletic. Consequently, the number of genera included tends to be variable.[15][7]

A more detailed analysis using multiple markers (Fay et al. 2006) confirmed the monophyly of Gilliesioideae as a whole, as were the two tribes, although some genera such as Ipheion and Nothoscordum were biphyletic.[15] In general the Gilliesieae, with their unusual floral morphology, have genera that are closely related. For instance Ancrumia, Gethyum and Solaria have been treated as three, two or one (Solaria) genus by different authors[16][1][15] (see Genera and notes).

APG III familial realignment (tribe Gilliesieae) 2009

In 2009, Chase et al. more formally brought together the three families, Agapanthaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, under the single

APGIII).[18]
Thus subfamily Gilliesioideae became tribe Gilliesieae (Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 509. 24 Apr 1875) within subfamily Allioideae of family Amaryllidaceae. Within the tribe they included thirteen genera including Leucocoryne s.l. (see Genera).

The full taxonomy of tribe Gilliesieae remains unresolved. Of the South America genera, a number have common features (tunicate bulbs, inflorescences with unarticulated pedicels, and one or two bracts subtending the inflorescence). These are Ipheion Raf., Leucocoryne Lindl., Nothoscordum Kunth, Tristagma Poepp., and Zoellnerallium Crosa. The position of Ipheion is particularly problematic.[4]

Division of Ipheion (resurrection of Beauverdia)

In 1972,

inflorescences from others with plurifloral inflorescences within Nothoscordum and other genera, no longer considered Amaryllidaceae. As proposed, it had ten species but its independence was short lived, being returned to a synonym of Ipheion, and a number of species were transferred to other genera, including Nothoscordum and Tristagma.[4]

In 2014, Ipheion section Hirtellum was again raised to genus rank and restored to the tribe, being distinguished from other Ipheion species, under the older name of Beauverdia, with four species found in Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay.[4]

Division of Gilliesieae and resurrection of Leucocoryneae

In 2014 Sassone also proposed resurrecting an older taxon, Leucocorynae to include six genera, Beauverdia (4 species), Ipheion s.s. (3 species), Leucocoryne s.l. (15 species), Nothoscordum (c. 20 species), Tristagma (c. 20 species) and Zoellnerallium (2 species).

nom. nud. (4 genera) and Gilliesieae (7 genera) differing by actinomorphic floral symmetry and the presence of septal nectaries in the former.[16][2] Subsequently, Zoellnerallium was added to the Ipheieae,[20][21] even though with the reduction of Gilliesioideae to the tribe Gilliesieae, the older divisions could no longer be recognised, at least as tribes (possibly subtribes).[22]

This now formally divides the tribe Gilliesieae s.l. into two tribes, Gilliesieae s.s. (8 genera) and Leucocoryneae (6 genera). This new tribe corresponds to the older Ipheieae, together with the two more recent additions of Beauverdia and Zoellnerallium and includes about 65 species, although this could be closer to 130, according to Ravenna's proposals for Nothoscordum which would increase its species from 20 to about 60.[2][23]

The taxonomy of Gilliesieae s.s. remains difficult with limited sampling, because of the problem of obtaining material from these little-known plants. Hence the different treatment of a number of the genera by different authors.[15] (see Genera and notes)

Genera

Included genera

Included genera according to Chase et al., [17] as modified by Sassone et al. 2014. [4][2]

Tribe Leucocoryneae (Ipheieae group) (Ravenna) Sassone, S.C. Arroyo & Giussani[24]
Tribe Gilliesieae
s.s.

Uncertain, doubtful or former genera

Three genera have been transferred to

Themidaceae.[8]

Species

There are about eighty species included in the tribe.[2]

Distribution

The Gilliesieae are endemic to the southern part of South America, predominantly Chile.[8] The Leucocoryneae are also a South American tribe with the exception of two species of Nothoscordum (N bivalve, N. gracile) which extend to southern North America, otherwise they are found in southern Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.[2] (see map in Stevens 2013).[33]

Notes

  1. Ancrumia: Rahn (1998) considered Ancrunia to be part of Solaria (Kubitzki 1998, Rahn: Alliaceae. pp. 70–78) but both (Zöllner & Arriagada 1998) and (Rudall et al. 2002) considered them as separate genera. As of 2014, the World Checklist considers the single species of this genus to be a synonym of Solaria cuspidata, and does not accept Ancrumia as a separate genus (see discussion above). (WCSP 2015, WCSP Ancrumia
    )
  2. APGIII. (APG 2009) (Sassone et al. 2014b) Although the World Checklist lists Erinna as a synonym of Leucocoryne, (WCSP 2015, Erinna Phil.) (Sassone et al. 2014b
    ) still considered its status uncertain.
  3. Gethyum: Rahn (1998) considered Gethyum to be part of Solaria, (Kubitzki 1998, Rahn: Alliaceae. pp. 70–78) but both (Zöllner & Arriagada 1998) and (Rudall et al. 2002) considered them as separate genera and Gethyum was included in the 2009 construction of Gilliesiea, (Chase et al. 2009) as discussed above. However the World Checklist considers it part of Solaria. (WCSP 2015, Gethyium)(Fay & Hall 2007
    )

References

  1. ^ a b Fay & Hall 2007.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Sassone et al. 2014b.
  3. ^ Sassone et al. 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Sassone et al. 2014a.
  5. ^ Lindley 1826.
  6. ^ Lindley 1846, CCXLVIII Gilliesieae. pp. 275-277.
  7. ^ a b c Rix et al. 2013.
  8. ^ a b c d e Fay & Chase 1996.
  9. ^ Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985.
  10. ^ Hutchinson 1959.
  11. ^ Traub 1982.
  12. ^ Ravenna 2000a.
  13. ^ APG 1998.
  14. ^ APG 2003.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Fay, Rudall & Chase 2006.
  16. ^ a b c Rudall et al. 2002.
  17. ^ a b Chase et al. 2009.
  18. ^ APG 2009.
  19. ^ Herter 1943.
  20. ^ Crosa 1975.
  21. ^ Crosa 2004.
  22. ^ Escobar et al. 2012.
  23. ^ The Plant List 2013, Nothoscordum.
  24. ^ Ravenna 2001.
  25. ^ Friesen, Fritsch & Blattner 2006.
  26. ^ Herbert 1844.
  27. ^ Lindley 1847.
  28. ^ Li et al. 1996.
  29. ^ WCSP 2015, Milula.
  30. ^ WCSP 2015, Garaventia.
  31. ^ Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985, Brodiaeeae p. 196 .
  32. ^ a b Li et al. 2010.
  33. ^ Stevens 2013.

Bibliography

General

Amaryllidaceae (Gilliesieae)

Genera

Databases

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gilliesieae.
Wikispecies has information related to Gilliesieae.
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