Giulio Clovio
Giulio Clovio Juraj Julije Klović | |
---|---|
Kingdom of Croatia | |
Died | 5 January 1578 (aged 79–80) |
Known for | Illuminator, miniaturist, and painter |
Notable work | Farnese Hours |
Movement | High Renaissance |
Giorgio Giulio Clovio or Juraj Julije Klović (1498 – 5 January 1578) was an
Biography
Giulio Clovio was born in
He came from a Croatian family.[3][4] and he is known as Clovio Croata.[5]It is not known where he had his early training, but he may have studied art with monks at Rijeka of Novi Bazar when he was young.[6]
He moved to Italy at age 18 and entered the household of Cardinal Marino Grimani where he was trained as a painter. Between 1516 and ca 1523 Clovio may have lived with Marino in the residence of the latter's uncle Cardinal Domenico Grimani in Rome.[7] Clovio studied under Giulio Romano during this early period.[8]
He also studied under Girolamo dai Libri.
While a protégé of Cardinal Domenico Grimani, Clovio engraved medals and seals for him, as well as the Grimani Commentary Ms., an important early illuminated book (now Sir John Soane's Museum, London).
By 1524 Clovio was at
After 1527 he visited several monasteries of the
Clovio later became a member of the household of Alessandro Farnese with whom he would be associated until his death. It was during his time with Farnese that Clovio created one of his masterpieces, the Farnese Hours. Other well-known works from this period include the illustrations for the Towneley Lectionary.[10]
From 1551 to 1553 Clovio is known to have worked in Florence. During this time he painted a miniature of Eleanor of Toledo (England, Welbeck Abbey, Private Collection).[11]
Contact with other artists
Clovio was a friend of the much younger
Pieter Bruegel the Elder was a personal friend of Giulio Clovio,[2] and stayed with Clovio in Rome during his Italian trip of 1553.[12] Breugel executed a small medallion depicting ships in a storm on a Clovio miniature of the Last Judgment (New York Public Library),[13] but the six Bruegels mentioned in Clovio's will have all disappeared.[citation needed]
Major works
Soane Manuscript
Clovio illuminated the Commentary of Marino Grimani on
Farnese Hours
His most famous work is the
Towneley Lectionary
The Towneley Lectionary is now in the New York Public Library and probably belonged to Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. Used during services, the book contained six majestic, full-page miniatures opposite miniature depictions of the Evangelists. The illustrations introduced the relevant readings from the Scripture. They include the Nativity, the Resurrection and the Last Judgment.[16]
Colonna Missal
This work is now in the
Other
The British Library has his twelve full-page miniatures of the victories of the Emperor Charles V,[21] and the Stuart de Rothesay Book of Hours, which was originally commissioned by Cardinal Marino Grimani and includes 4 miniatures by Giulio Clovio.[22]
The
According to a description written for publication by Antonfrancesco Cirni, he also designed many of the costumes for the famously elaborate wedding festivities of Ortensia Borromeo in March 1565, which were held in the Vatican and included a tournament in the Belvedere courtyard. Such duties were often expected of a Renaissance court painter. The costumes are carefully recorded in a series of anonymous etchings, some probably based on Clovio's design drawings. [citation needed]
Death and burial
Giulio Clovio died in Rome on January 5, 1578. His tomb is in the Basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli, the church containing Michelangelo's celebrated Moses.
500th anniversary
Croatia celebrated the 1998 500th anniversary of his birth. The
Legacy
Today, Giulio Clovio is celebrated in
Sculptures
-
Statue in Drivenik
-
Bust in Zrinjevac park, Zagreb
-
Monument inGrižane
-
Statue in front of Klovićevi Dvori Gallery, Zagreb
See also
References
- ^ John Van Antwerp Fine, When ethnicity did not matter in the Balkans: a study of identity in pre-nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the medieval and early-modern periods, University of Michigan Press, 2006, p 195 Google Books
- ^ a b The Life and Works of Giorgio Giulio Clovio, Miniaturist: with notices of his contemporaries, and of the art of decoration in the Sixteenth Century - by John William Bradley – 1891
- ^ a b Bradley, 2004 (reprint), pp. 368–369
- ^ a b Visani, Maria (1993). Giorgio Clovio. Laurana. p. 8.
- ^ Igor Fisković; (1989) Renaissance Art in Dalmatia and Hungary p. 100; Balcánica XX, Belgrade [1]
- ^ Ralph N James, Painters and Their Works: A Dictionary of Great Artists who are Not Now Alive - 1896 - p. 201-3
- ^ JSTOR 3051377
- JSTOR 861625
- ^ a b Renaissance and Reformation, 1500-1620: A Biographical Dictionary (The Great Cultural Eras of the Western World) by Jo Eldridge Carney (editor) Greenwood Press 2001. Clovio Giulio p. 88-89
- JSTOR 888022
- JSTOR 1483750
- ^ Charles de Tolnay, Newly Discovered Miniatures by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 107, No. 744 (Mar., 1965), pp. 110-115
- ^ Claude Henri Rocquet, Bruegel, or, The workshop of dreams, University of Chicago Press, 1991, p 51
- ^ Bradley, 2004 (reprint), pp. 245-253
- ^ Sir John Soane's Museum catalogue
- ^ Bradley, 2004 (reprint), pp. 254-260
- ^ Donato Mansueto, The Italian emblem: a collection of essays, Librairie Droz, 2007, p 182, n. 56
- ^ The John Rylands library, Manchester: a brief record of twenty-one years' work (MCM January MCMXII), The University press, 1921, pg xiv Internet Archive
- ^ Baltrusaitis, J., En busca de Isis, Siruela, 2006, 9788478444601, URL
- ^ John Rylands Library and Guppy, H., Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, v. 6, Manchester University Press, 1922, URL
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 563.
- ^ British Library Catalogue
- ^ Poklečki-Stošić, Jasminka. "Julije Klović – najveći minijaturist renesanse" [Giulio Clovio — the greatest miniaturist of the Renaissance] (PDF) (in Croatian and English). Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ^ "Giulio Clovio." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 27 Apr. 2011.
- ^ "Clovio, Giorgio Giulio." Treccani, il portale del sapere. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. (in Italian)
Sources
- Bradley, John W. (2004). The Life and Works of Giorgio Giulio Clovio Miniaturist with Notices of His Contemporaries and of the Art of Book Decoration in the Sixteenth Century. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4179-4605-1.
External links
International
- Giulio Clovio at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- Italian Renaissance Artist List
- Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie - Clovio, Giorgio Il Macedo Archived 2007-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
- Clovio Giorgio Giulio Artcyclopedia
- Clovio Giorgio Giulio Masters
- Clovio Giulio Bartleby
- Giorgio Clovio Newadvent
- Giulio Clovio
- Vatican City postage stamp: Christmas 1998 – 500th anniversary of the birth of Giulio Clovio (named Julius Clovius Croatus in the stamp)
Italian
- Motivi disponibili Giorgio-Giulio Clovio
- Le Vite - Edizioni Giuntina e Torrentiniana
- Gli artisti principali citati dal Vasari nelle "Vite" (elenco)
- Ultimo giudizio del Clovio