Gmelina arborea

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Gmelina arborea
Gmelina arborea tree plantation
Gmelina arborea sapling from Mindanao, Philippines

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Gmelina
Species:
G. arborea
Binomial name
Gmelina arborea
Synonyms
  • Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines
  • Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke
  • Gmelina rheedei Hook. [Illegitimate]
  • Gmelina sinuata Link [2]

Gmelina arborea, (in English beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood, white teak, yamane[3] ), locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Fruits

Gmelina arborea grows naturally throughout India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and in southern provinces of China. It is found at altitudes from sea level to 1,500 metres (5,000 ft).

timber trees in Brazil, Gambia, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Malaysia, Malawi, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Sierra Leone. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.[5][6]

Utilization of the species

Bark
Flower

The Lion Throne, the most important, and last surviving, of the eight royal thrones of Myanmar, now in the National Museum in Yangon, is carved from Gmelina arborea wood.[7][8]

Chemistry

Lignans, such as 6" - bromo - isoarboreol, 4-hydroxysesamin, 4,8-dihydroxysesamin, 1,4-dihydroxysesamin (gummadiol), 2-piperonyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-(α-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran and the 4-O-glucoside of 4-epigummadiol, can be isolated from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea.[9] The parent compounds are arboreol or gmelanone.[10]

Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside can be isolated from the root.[11]

Five constituents, isolated from the heartwood of G. arborea, (+)-7′-O-ethyl

β-sitosterol, show antifungal activity against Trametes versicolor.[12]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T32354A67741197.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Gmelina arborea Roxb". The Plant List. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  3. ^ "A tree species reference and selection guide". Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  4. ^ "Gmelina arborea Gmelina, Snapdragon, White Teak PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  5. JSTOR 43740942
    .
  6. ^ Duke, James A. (1983). Handbook of Energy Crops. Center for New Crops & Plants Products, Purdue University.
  7. ^ "The Thrones of Myanmar Kings : Enchanting Myanmar (Burma) - A Guide to Tourism Destinations and Beyond". Archived from the original on 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
  8. ^ Gangadharan V. (2012 Mar 26) Materials behind the method The New Indian Express, page 2
  9. ^ Novel hydroxy lignans from the heartwood of gmelina arborea. A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, A.Madhusudhana rao, V.Kameswara Rao and L.Ramachandra Row, Tetrahedron, 1977, Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 133–143,
    doi:10.1016/0040-4020(77)80444-4
  10. ^ The structures of lignans from Gmelina arborea Linn. A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, K.Jaganmohan Rao, V.Kameswara Rao, L.Ramachandra Row, C. Subrahmanyam, A. Pelter, R.S. Ward, Tetrahedron, 1975, Volume 31, Issue 10, Pages 1277–1285,
    doi:10.1016/0040-4020(75)80169-4
  11. ^ An apiose-containing coumarin glycoside from gmelina arborea root. P. Satyanarayana, P. Subrahmanyam, R. Kasai and O. Tanaka, Phytochemistry, 1985, Volume 24, Issue 8, Pages 1862–1863,
    doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82575-3
  12. doi:10.1515/HF.2004.028

External links

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