Gračišće

Coordinates: 45°13′10″N 14°00′37″E / 45.21944°N 14.01028°E / 45.21944; 14.01028
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Gračišče, a village in Slovenia.

Gračišće
Municipality
UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code052
Websitegracisce.hr

Gračišće (Italian: Gallignana) is a village and municipality of Istria County in Croatia.

Geography

The municipality is located in the interior of the Istrian peninsula. The Gračišće village which is also the administrative centre of Gračišće municipality is located about 8 km (5.0 mi) east of the county seat Pazin, on the road to Kršan and Vozilići. It is seated on the top of the hill at an elevation of 457 m (1,499 ft) and has the overall appearance of a typical medieval Istrian town. The village stands completely under monumental protection. The old cemetery which is located in front of St. Vitus Church offers a panoramic view of inner Istria up to the Učka mountain range (1,402 m (4,600 ft)) in the east, as well as to the Julian Alps and the Dolomites in the north.

Between Gračišće and Pićan lies a protected landscape (1475 ha, protected since 1973) with unusual geological characteristics. Diverse landscape has been formed by erosion of marl, sandstone and limestone deposits with brook valleys formed in marl and hills formed from harder limestone which dominate the surrounding landscape.

History

Valvasor
from 1679.
Gračišće coat of arms published in Opus Insignium Armorumque, Valvasor, 1687

The prehistory of Gračišće and its surroundings is poorly known. Due to its advantageous strategic position the area was almost surely settled and also played significant role already during the

Illyrian tribes of Histri (west, south and central Istria) and Liburnians
(in the eastern part).

After centuries of armed conflicts, the war between the

Italy), replaced with the Venetia et Histria province at the end of the 3rd century. The inner territory of Gračišće remained confined between coastal colonies but did not belong to them. After a while it became Imperial property and in the 3rd century it came under control of the revenue officials situated in Colonia Pietas Iulia Pola (present-day Pula). The strategic position of Gračišće grew more important during and after the 3rd and 4th century, when the surrounding hills became good defending positions. After 476 West Roman Empire fell but after 30 years Justinian I restored the Eastern Roman Empire
, and the Byzantine Emperors ruled in Istria until 751.

In the

Kingdom of Italy
.

Defence tower

After the German king

Aquileia and several German feudal families like the Counts of Andechs, who ruled as Dukes of Merania
.

In 1199 Gračišće was first mentioned in written sources as Gallinianum. From that time onwards, the coastal areas of Istria were gradually conquered by the

Counts of Gorizia and in 1374 were inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg. In 14th and 15th century Gračišće grew quite prosperous. The interior of Istria subsequently remained within the Holy Roman Empire
until the empire's dissolution in 1806.

With the

Kingdom of Illyria comprised Istria, from 1849 as part of the Austrian Littoral. After World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, Istria was given to the Kingdom of Italy and after the end of World War II was relinquished to Yugoslavia
. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Istria (and Gračišće) became part of the Republic of Croatia, and administratively Gračišće became the seat of a municipality.

Demographics

According to the Croatian 2021 census, the whole of Gračišće Municipality has 1,312 inhabitants, while the settlement of Gračišće proper has 418 inhabitants.[2] The ethnic composition of the Municipality (2011 census) is 78,79% Croats, 19,1% declared themselves as Istrians, Bosnians 0,28% and 0,14% Italians.

Villages in the municipality

The municipal area has a surface area of 61 km2 (24 sq mi) and comprises seven settlements:

Economy

The economy of Gračišće municipality is mostly based on agriculture (grapes, wheat, fruits) and raising livestock (cattle, pigs), a smaller part of its population is employed in service sector at Pazin. In recent times rural tourism is emerging.

Architecture

Church of St. Euphemia
Church of The Mother of God at the Square

Gračišće village has several interesting landmarks including the Church of The Mother of God at the Square (Croatian: Crkva majke božje na placu) built in 1425, the small Church of St. Anthony of Padova and The Church of St. Euphemia built in 1383. In St. Euphemia Church there is very impressive crucifix from the 13th century and golden Baroque altar. The successive reconstruction of St. Euphemia church did not change the essential characteristics of its medieval architecture. Many residential houses were built in the 15th century as dates which are inscribed on the portals show. In the Middle Ages it was encircled by fortifications and one of the towers and main municipal gates are still standing today.

The parish church of St. Vitus was built in 1769. The "Palace of Salamon" is the only example of a Gothic residence in this part of Istria. The summer residence of the Pićan bishop was also located in Gračišće.

The free-standing tower's lowest stage includes a Romanesque doorway, suggesting it may be one of the earliest buildings.

References

  1. Wikidata Q119585703
    .
  2. ^ a b "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.

Sources

  • Gračaški zbornik (Gračišće's collection of scientific papers); Zbornik radova sa Znanstvenog skupa Gračišće i okolica od prapovijesti do danas, u povodu obilježavanja 800. obljetnice prvog spomena imena Gračišća, Gračišće, 19. lipnja 1999; Library: KNJIŽNICA ACTA; Publisher: Skupština udruga Matice hrvatske Istarske županije; Gračišće: Poglavarstvo općine, Pazin, 2002.
    ISBN 953-96663-7-6
  • http://www.istra.hr/hr/dozivjeti_istru/povijest Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gračišće.
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