Great Offensive

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the World War I offensive, see
Grand Offensive
.

Great Offensive
Part of the
Afyon, Kütahya, Uşak, İzmir
)
Result

Turkish victory

Territorial
changes
  • Turkish capture of Smyrna
  • Greek Army
    withdrawal from Western Anatolia
    • Belligerents Ankara Government Kingdom of Greece GreeceCommanders and leaders
    Strength
    Casualties and losses
    • 2,318 killed, 9,360 wounded, 1,697 missing and 101 prisoners
    • Total: 13,476[5]
    By 7 September:
    • 35,000 killed and wounded, 15,000 prisoners
    • Total: 50,000[6][7][8][9]

    The Great Offensive (

    Greek army of approximately 130,000 men.[10][11] From 31 August to 9 September, the front moved a distance of 300 km (190 mi) as the Greek troops retreated.[12] The Turkish army lacked motorized vehicles; its forces consisted of infantry and cavalry units, and logistical support was provided by a supply system based on ox carts.[13]

    The Turkish troops reached the sea on 9 September with the capture of İzmir. The operation ended on 18 September 1922 with the capture of Erdek and Biga. The staggering defeat caused great dissent within the Greek army and a general loss of morale, which led to unwillingness to continue fighting. On top of this, numerous Greek divisions had been encircled and destroyed as effective fighting units, which meant that the Greek army had lost its offensive capabilities and was unable to organize a controlled retreat, leading to numerous Greek POWs.

    Advance

    The offensive started with the

    Greek III Corps left Erdek. The British Chief of Staff expressed his admiration for the Turkish military operation.[17]

    Gallery

    • Cavalry galloping
      Turkish cavalry during a mopping-up operation
    • Soldiers in a trench, with one looking in a different direction
      Turkish infantry in a trench
    • Large group photo, with a dog in front
      Fahrettin Altay and V Cavalry Corps officers
    • Soldiers marching down a road
      Greek soldiers retreating
    • Burning buildings, with residents watching
      A Turkish village burnt by retreating Greek troops
    • Inspection of the burned town of Turgutlu by a group of dignitaries and journalists
      Inspection of the burned town of Turgutlu by a group of dignitaries and journalists
    • Large group photo of men in uniform
      Greek POW officers in Ankara
    • Mustafa Kemal Pasha at Kocatepe hill, Afyonkarahisar
      Mustafa Kemal Pasha at Kocatepe hill, Afyonkarahisar

    See also

    References

    1. ^ a b Belgelerle Türk tarihi dergisi, Editions 28–31, Menteş Kitabevi, 1999, page 35 (in Turkish)
    2. ^
      ISBN 0595412513
      , iUniverse, 2007, page 93
    3. ^ a b Nizamettin Nazif Tepedelenlioğlu: Bilinmiyen taraflariyle Atutürk, Yeni Çığır Kitabevi, 1959, page 64 (in Turkish)
    4. ^ a b Assertion of unitary, independent national states in central and southeast europe (1821–1923), Bibliotheca historica romaniae Edition 62, Edited by Viorica Moisuc and Ion Calafeteanu, Section des sciences historiques de l'Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine., 1980, page 340 (footnote 94)
    5. ISBN 9752634869
      , page 321. (in Turkish)
    6. New York Times
      , published 8 September 1922
    7. ISBN 1476625859
      .
    8. ^ Chronicling America – Historic American Newspapers, Turk Cavalry Routs Greeks, The Ogden standard-examiner (Ogden, Utah), 7 September 1922, page 2.
    9. ^ Armistice Sought By Greeks As Turks Press 8 September 1922.
    10. ISBN 0674023684, page 22
      .
    11. ^ International Committee of Historical Sciences, 1980, page 227.
    12. ^ International Committee of Historical Sciences. 1980, page 227.
    13. ^ International Committee of Historical Sciences, 1980, page 227.
    14. ^ International Committee of Historical Sciences. Commission of comparative military history, Revue internationale d'histoire militaire (Editions 46–48), University of Michigan, 1980, page 227.
    15. ^ "Trikupis" veya "Trikopis", Büyük Larousse Sözlük ve Ansiklopedisi, 22. Cilt, Milliyet Yay., İstanbul.
    16. ^ Aggelomatis, Chr., "Chronicle of Great Tragedy" (The Epic of Asia Minor), Estia, 1963, pp. 194-5
    17. ISBN 9789186884147
      , page 62.

    Footnotes

    Bibliography

    External links

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