Gryponyx
Appearance
Gryponyx Temporal range:
Lower Jurassic | |
---|---|
Part of the holotype | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Dinosauria |
Clade: | Saurischia |
Clade: | †Sauropodomorpha |
Clade: | †Massopoda |
Family: | †Gryponychidae Huene, 1932 |
Genus: | †Gryponyx Broom, 1911 |
Species: | †G. africanus
|
Binomial name | |
†Gryponyx africanus Broom, 1911
|
Gryponyx (meaning "hooked-claw") is an
Free State, central South Africa.[1]
Description
Gryponyx africanus is known from the
Lower Jurassic period.[1]
It was originally described by Broom (1911) as a
cladistic analysis using Yates (2004) sauropodomorph matrix and found Gryponyx to be the most basal massospondylid.[6] The same result was found by Lü Junchang et al. (2010).[7] Yates et al. (2010) recovered Gryponyx in a trichotomy with Massospondylidae and Anchisauria.[8]
However, Gryponyx has yet to be formally redescribed.
Two additional species of Gryponyx have been described: G. transvaalensis was described on the basis of finger bones and the anterior limb metatarsals from the
Transvaal. G. taylori was described on the basis of sacral and pelvic rim from the Upper Elliot Formation, southern Free State.[5] Galton and Cluver (1976) synonymized G. taylori with M. harriesi and considered G. transvaalensis to be a nomen dubium.[3] Both G. taylori and G. transvaalensis were synonymized by Michael Cooper (1981) with M. carinatus[4] and Galton and Upchurch (2004) considered them to be dubious.[5]
Etymology
Gryponyx was first named by
generic name is derived from grypos, Greek for "hooked" and onyx, Greek for "claw". The specific name refers to Africa, where the holotype was discovered.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d Broom, R. (1911). On the dinosaurs of the Stormberg, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 7(4):291-308.
- ^ Friedrich von Huene (1932) Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie, Series 1 4: 1–361
- ^ a b Galton, P.M., and Cluver, M.A. (1976). Anchisaurus capensis (Broom) and a revision of the Anchisauridae (Reptilia, Saurischia). Annals of the South African Museum 69(6):121-159.
- ^ a b Cooper, M.R. (1981). The prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus Owen from Zimbabwe: its biology, mode of life and phylogenetic significance. Occasional Papers of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Series B, Natural Sciences 6(10):689-840.
- ^ ISBN 0-520-24209-2
- ^ C. C. Vasconcelos, A. M. Yates (2004). Sauropodomorph biodiversity of the upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of southern Africa. Geoscience Africa, Abstract Volume 2:670.
- S2CID 130303928.
- PMID 19906674.