Guy II de la Roche

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Silver denier of Guy II, minted at Thebes

Guy II de la Roche, also known as Guyot or Guidotto (1280 – 5 October 1308), was the

William I,[1] at a time when the duchy of Athens had exceeded the Principality of Achaea
in wealth, power, and importance.

Early life

Guy was the only son of

John I Doukas, the Greek ruler of Thessaly, brought about an anti-Byzantine alliance between Athens and Thessaly around 1274.[3][4] William acknowledged the suzerainty of the Angevin monarchs of the Kingdom of Sicily, who also ruled the Principality of Achaea to the south of Athens.[5]

Guy was still a minor when his father died in 1287.[6] During the first years of his reign, his mother exercised the guardianship for him.[6] She swore fealty to King Charles II of Naples, but after Charles II granted Achaea to Isabella of Villehardouin and her husband, Florent of Hainaut, she ignored the King's commands to render homage to them.[7][8] In late 1291, she married Hugh of Brienne who held important fiefs in the Kingdom of Naples.[9] Hugh asserted the regency for Guy and did not pay homage to the Achaean princes.[9]

Reign

Guy reached the age of majority in June 1294.[9] Boniface of Verona knighted him at an assembly of the bishops and barons on 24 June.[8] About two weeks later, Charles II appointed two deputies to receive Guy's homage.[5] The King changed his mind before the end of July: he announced that Guy owed obedience to Isabella and Florent, because they were Guy's direct lords.[10] Charles II also prohibited Guy's vassals to swear fealty to Guy before Guy rendered homage to the princes of Achaea.[8]

Charles II made new arrangements when he ceded his claim to suzerainty over Achaea, Athens and other Balkan territories to his younger son, Philip I of Taranto on 13 August 1294.[11] When listing both Achaea and Athens in his letter of grant to his son, the King implicitly acknowledged that Guy was to render homage directly to Philip.[11] Isabella and Florent protested, but Hugh of Brienne swear fealty to Philip on Guy's behalf.[12]

Guy's maternal uncles, Constantine Doukas and Theodore Angelos invaded their western neighbour, the Despotate of Epirus in the spring of 1295.[13] Since the Epirote rule, Thomas I Komnenos Doukas, was Philip of Taranto's brother-in-law, Charles II ordered Florent and Guy to launch a joint military campaign against Thessaly, but they could not prevent Constantine and Theodore from seizing Epirote lands.[14][15] Hugh of Brienne was Guy's sound protector in Charles II's court,[12] but he died unexpectedly on 9 August 1296.[16] Isabella, who was staying in southern Italy, persuaded Charles II to again order Guy to swear fealty to her and her husband.[17] The King threatened Guy of confiscating his duchy if he failed to obey his command on 1 October 1296.[18] Guy's relationship with his mother also became tense and he seized parts of her dower.[19] Philip of Taranto ordered Guy to return his mother's property to her, but he ignored Philip's orders.[19]

Florent died in early 1297, and an influential Achaean lord,

dispensation on 9 August.[18] Being the Pope's vassal, Charles II had to accept the Pope's decision and gave consent to the marriage on 20 April 1300.[18] At Guy's request, the King had already forbidden Guy's mother to sell two towns which were part of her dowry without his consent.[19]

Constantine Doukas and Theodore Angelos died in 1302 or 1303 and Constantine's minor son,

Theodore, but Guy refused to make an alliance with her.[23]

In 1307, Guy was made

Walter V of Brienne
.

Family

References

  1. ^ a b c d e The Latins in Greece and the Aegean from the Fourth Crusade to the End of the Middle Ages, K. M. Setton, The Cambridge Medieval History:Vol IV, The Byzantine Empire, ed. J.M Hussey, D.M. Nicol and G. Cowan, (Cambridge University Press, 1966), 410-411.
  2. ^ Lock 1995, p. 364.
  3. ^ a b Lock 1995, p. 95.
  4. ^ Nicol 1984, p. 19.
  5. ^ a b Setton 1976, p. 432.
  6. ^ a b Lock 1995, p. 320.
  7. ^ Lock 1995, p. 96.
  8. ^ a b c Setton 1976, p. 434.
  9. ^ a b c Perry 2018, p. 133.
  10. ^ Setton 1976, pp. 434–435.
  11. ^ a b Setton 1976, p. 435.
  12. ^ a b Setton 1976, p. 436.
  13. ^ Nicol 1984, pp. 48–49.
  14. ^ Setton 1976, pp. 435, 438.
  15. ^ Nicol 1984, p. 49.
  16. ^ Perry 2018, p. 134.
  17. ^ Setton 1976, pp. 436–437.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Setton 1976, p. 437.
  19. ^ a b c d e Setton 1976, p. 438.
  20. ^ a b Nicol 1984, p. 52.
  21. ^ Nicol 1984, pp. 52–53.
  22. ^ Nicol 1984, p. 53.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Nicol 1984, p. 54.
  24. ^ Lock 1995, pp. 364–365.
  25. ^ Nicol 1984, p. 252.

Sources

  • Lock, Peter (1995). The Franks in the Aegean, 1204–1500. Longman.
    ISBN 0-582-05140-1
    .
  • Longnon, Jean (1969) [1962]. "The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311". In
    ISBN 0-299-04844-6
    .
  • ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9
    .
  • Perry, Guy (2018). The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Chempenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356. Cambridge University Press.
    ISBN 978-1-107-19690-2
    .
  • ISBN 0-87169-114-0
    .
Preceded by
Nicholas III of Saint Omer
 Angevin bailli in the Principality of Achaea
1307–1308 		Succeeded by
Bertin Visconte
Preceded by
Duke of Athens

1287–1308 		Succeeded by
Walter
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