Duchy of Neopatras
Duchy of Neopatras | |||||||||||
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| 1319–1390 | |||||||||||
 Coat of arms of the Duchy of Neopatras
Argent, a saltire gules between four crosses couped of the second | |||||||||||
Neopatras by Frederick Alfonso of Sicily | 1319 | ||||||||||
• Neopatras conquered by Nerio I Acciaioli | 1390 | ||||||||||
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The Duchy of Neopatras (
Latin: Ducatus Neopatriae) was a principality in southern Thessaly, established in 1319. Officially part of the Kingdom of Sicily, itself part of the Crown of Aragon, the duchy was governed in conjunction with the neighbouring Duchy of Athens, it enjoyed a large degree of self-government. From the mid-14th century, the duchies entered a period of decline: most of the Thessalian possessions were lost to the Serbian Empire, internal dissensions arose, along with the menace of Turkish piracy in the Aegean and the onset of Ottoman expansion in the Balkans. Enfeebled, the Catalan possessions were taken over by the Florentine adventurer Nerio I Acciaioli in 1385–1390. The title of Duke of Neopatras was held by the heir of the King of Sicily.[1]
History
When the Greek ruler of
Byzantine suzerainty, like Stephen Gabrielopoulos of Trikala; others, however, like the Maliasenos family around Volos, turned to the Catalans for support.[2][5]
The Greek rulers of Thessaly had long, but erroneously, been known as "Dukes of Neopatras" by Western European contemporaries from their capital, modern
vicar-general, as well as by the marshal (mariscalus exercitus ducatuum) as the elected head of the Company members.[4]
Most of the Duchy's possessions in Thessaly were lost when the region was conquered by the
Stefan Dushan in 1348, but Neopatras and the region around it remained in Catalan hands.[8] In 1377, the title of Duke of Athens and Neopatras was assumed by Peter IV of Aragon.[9] It was preserved among the subsidiary titles of his successors, and was regularly included in the full title of the Spanish monarchs at least until the takeover of the Spanish crown by the House of Bourbon.[10]
In 1378–79, the Aragonese lost most of their possessions in
Ecclesiastically, Neopatras largely corresponded to the Latin Archbishopric of Neopatras (L'Arquebisbat de la pàtria), which had one suffragan: Zetounion (Lamia). Among the Catalan archbishops was Ferrer d'Abella, who tried to have himself transferred to a west European see.
Dukes of Neopatras
- William(1319–1338)
- John (1338–1348)
- Frederick I (1348–1355)
- Frederick II (1355–1377)
- Maria (1377–1379)
- Peter (1379–1387)
Vicars-general
The vicars-general acted as local representatives of the dukes and were the governors of the twin duchy, originally for the Crown of Sicily, and after 1379 for the Crown of Aragon:
- Alfonso Fadrique (1319 – c. 1330)[14]
- Walter VI of Brienne in 1331[15]
- Nicholas Lancia (c. 1331–1335)[15]
- Raymond Bernardi (1354–1356)[16]
- Gonsalvo Ximénez of Arenós (1359)[17]
- Matthew of Moncada (1359–1361)[17]
- Peter de Pou (1361–1362)[17]
- Roger de Llúria (1362–1369/70), de facto and unrecognized until 1366[18]
- Gonsalvo Ximénez of Arenós (1362–1363), uncertain[17]
- Matthew of Moncada (1363–1366), only de jure[17]
- Matthew of Peralta (1370–1374)[19]
- Louis Fadrique (1375–1381)[19]
- Philip Dalmau, Viscount of Rocaberti (1379–1386, de facto only during his stay in Greece 1381–1382)[20]
- Raymond de Vilanova (1382–1386), deputy of Philip Dalmau after his departure from Greece[21]
- Bernard of Cornellà (1386–1387), never actually went to Greece[22]
- Philip Dalmau, Viscount of Rocaberti (1387–1388)[23]
- Peter of Pau (1386–1388), deputy of Bernard of Cornellà and then of Philip Dalmau in Greece until the fall of Athens to Nerio Acciaioli[24]
References
- ^ Nardi, Carlo (1747). De' titoli del Re delle Due Sicilie (PDF) (in Italian).
- ^ a b Nicol 1984, pp. 80, 101.
- ^ a b Fine 1994, p. 243.
- ^ a b Koder & Hild 1976, p. 74.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 246.
- ^ Polemis 1968, p. 97, esp. note 2.
- Byzantine emperor to each bearer. Polemis 1968, pp. 97–98
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 398.
- ^ a b Koder & Hild 1976, p. 76.
- ^ Setton 1975b, p. 187.
- ^ Fine 1994, pp. 401–402.
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, pp. 76–77.
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 404.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 173, 188–189.
- ^ a b Setton 1975b, pp. 190, 197.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 197–198.
- ^ a b c d e Setton 1975b, p. 198.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 198–199.
- ^ a b Setton 1975b, p. 199.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 220–223, 235, 238, 240–241.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 235, 238, 240–242.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 241–242.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 243–244.
- ^ Setton 1975b, pp. 241–245.
Sources
- ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- Koder, Johannes; Hild, Friedrich (1976). Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Band 1: Hellas und Thessalia (in German). Vienna: ISBN 978-3-7001-0182-6.
- OCLC 563022439.
- ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9.
- Polemis, Demetrios I. (1968). The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography. London: The Athlone Press. OCLC 299868377.
- ISBN 0-902089-77-3.
- ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
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