Gvat
Gvat
גבת | |
---|---|
Hebrew transcription(s) | |
• official | Gevat |
Coordinates: 32°40′31″N 35°12′42″E / 32.67528°N 35.21167°E | |
Grid position | 170/231 PAL |
Country | Israel |
District | Northern |
Council | Jezreel Valley |
Affiliation | Kibbutz Movement |
Founded | 28 November 1926 |
Founded by | Belarusian Jews |
Population (2022)[1] | 965 |
Website | www |
Gvat (
History
Roman period: Jewish Gabatha
Archaeological evidence, including columns and masonry inscribed in Latin, shows that a first-century BCE Judeo-Roman settlement existed at the site.
The Arab village of Jebata and its name were identified with the ancient town of Gabatha, which is mentioned by
Ottoman period: Arab Jebata
By the modern era,[dubious ] a village by the name of Jebata (also spelt Jabata, Jebatha, Jibbata and Jibta) had been established 25 kilometres southeast of Haifa on a mound in the Galilee, not far from the villages of Yafa an-Naseriyye, al-Mujaydil and Ma'alul, and which Palmer of the Palestine Exploration Fund had wrongly identified with Jotapata.[4][5]
In the Ottoman era, a map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as Gebat, but the position was misplaced, as that area was not surveyed directly by the French.[6]
In 1875, Victor Guérin gave the population as 350, noting "[i]t is situated upon a low hillock, once occupied by a small tower, of which nothing remains but confused debris. A few cut stones scattered on the slopes and on the upper part of the hill are what is left of the Gabatha mentioned by Jerome in the Onomasticon."[7]
In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Jebata as a small adobe hamlet, containing 80 people and cultivating 21 feddans of land.[8]
Laurence Oliphant wrote of a visit he made to Jebata which was published in the Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund in January 1885. He relates the discovery by the villagers of what appeared to be a large underground tomb, describing a chamber of solid masonry with a vaulted roof and other chambers hewn from the rock.[9]
A population list from about 1887 showed that the village had about 200 inhabitants, all of whom were
British Mandate
At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine, the village had a population of 318; 308 Muslims and 10 Christians,[12] with nine Orthodox and one Armenian Christian.[13]
Jewish land purchase (1924)
The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the
Kibbutz Gvat (est. 1926)
On 28 November 1926, a kibbutz named Gvat was established on the site of Jebata by a group of Fourth Aliyah pioneers from Pinsk.[15] In 1922, the first kibbutz members had formed a kvutza in memory of the 35 members of the Jewish community of Pinsk killed by the Polish Army on 5 April 1919 during the Pinsk massacre.[17][18][19] The kibbutz was named after Givta, a town located near Sepphoris during the Second Temple period. In 1931, with the help of the Jewish National Fund and donations from Pinsk's Jewish community, a forest commemorating the victims of the Pinsk massacre was planted near Gvat.
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Memorial to the 35 Jews killed in Pinsk 1919
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Pinsk massacre memorial in kibbutz Gvat
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Gvat 1939
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Gvat 1944
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Kibbutz Gvat in 1946
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The kibbutz dining room in 1946
The kibbutz was established on classical
State of Israel
In 1951, following the split in the
On 6 October 1973, during the
Demographics
Year | Population |
---|---|
1947 | ~600[18] |
1957 | 604[25] |
2006 | 670[19] |
Economy
The
In 2005
In 2008 the kibbutz agreed to sell its 75.1% stake at Plastro Irrigation Systems Ltd to John Deere
Another sector of Gvat's economy is
Culture
The kibbutz runs the Bet Herschel theater, named after one of the kibbutz founders, where movies and stage productions are shown. The kibbutz also has a regional sports center.[20]
There are monuments in Gvat commemorating those who perished during the Holocaust and the Pinsk massacre.[31]
A member of Gvat wrote in 1940 the song about the green truck that picks up milk and eggs from one kibbutz after the other and takes them to the Tnuva factory, a song which is until today known by virtually every Israeli young child.[32]
Notable people
- Fania Bergstein (1908–1950), Hebrew poet[33]
- Haim Gvati (1901–1990), Minister of Agriculture of Israel between 1964 and 1974
- Guni Israeli (born 1984), basketball player
- Daniel Libeskind (born 1946), architect who lived in Gvat between 1960 and 1962
References
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Roller ( 1998), p. 161.
- ^ Robinson and Smith (1841), vol 3, p. 201.
- ^ Palmer (1881), p. 109.
- ^ Robinson (1843), p. 78.
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 167 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 386-387; as given in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 274
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 274.
- ^ Oliphant, 1885, p. 94
- ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 183
- ^ Schumacher, 1900, p. 358
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Nazareth, p. 38
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
- ^ Huneidi and Khalidi, 2001, p. 224
- ^ a b 11,000 Dunams in Jebata, with 90 families living there, according to List of villages sold by Sursocks and their partners to the Zionists since British occupation of Palestine, evidence to the Shaw Commission, 1930
- ^ Rogan and Shlaim, 2001, p. 207
- ISBN 0-7146-4641-5. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ a b Turai, Abraham (1947). The Emek Jezreel and the Beisan Valley. p. 100.
- ^ a b "Gvat". The Galilee settlement site (in Hebrew). Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Communities". Emek Yizrael Regional Council. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 73
- ISBN 0-8058-1658-5. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ Netanel Lorch One Long War: Arab Versus Jew Since 1920, Herzl Press, 1976, p.192
- ISBN 0-385-14937-9.
- ^ Roth, Cecil (1958). The Standard Jewish Encyclopedia. Massadah Pub. Co.
- ^ "About Us". www.plastro.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ a b Gavison, Yoram (11 June 2006). "John Deere negotiating to buy controlling interest in Plastro". www.haaretz.com. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Israel's Innovative Irrigation Systems". The Israel Export and International Cooperation Institute. 16 August 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Newsletter April 2005". Israel Trade Commission. April 2005. Archived from the original on 31 March 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ a b Shauly, Avi (10 February 2008). "John Deere buys Plastro". www.globes-online.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "The History". The Jewish Community of Pinsk. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ Davidovich, Joshua (22 May 2014). "There's the Ruby". The Times of Israel. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
- ^ "Fania Bergstein". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
Bibliography
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Huneidi, Sahar; ISBN 1-86064-172-5.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- .
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Robinson, E. (1843). Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Review. Allen, Morrill, and Wardwell.[dubious ]
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- ISBN 0-521-79476-5.
- Roller, Duane W. (1998). The Building Program of Herod the Great. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20934-6.
- Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
- .
External links
- Gvat website (in Hebrew)
- Map of Gvat
- The Blooms at Kibbutz Gvat: Alone in Communal Life Archived 2011-08-18 at the Wayback Machine
- Jubbata, from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: IAA, Wikimedia commons