Halticosaurus

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Halticosaurus
Temporal range:
Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Family: †Halticosauridae
Bock, 1952
Genus: †Halticosaurus
Huene, 1908
Species:
†H. longotarsus
Binomial name
†Halticosaurus longotarsus
Huene, 1908

Halticosaurus (pron.:"HAL-tick-oh-SORE-us") is a

Middle Stubensandstein formation of what is present-day Germany[1] The only known specimen was poorly preserved and may have been put together from bones of unrelated animals. Further research would be required to determine which of the bones belonged together, and what kind of theropod Halticosaurus was. However, most of the bones have been lost. For these reasons, Halticosaurus is considered to be a nomen dubium.[2]

Etymology

The name Halticosaurus comes from the Greek words altikos (αλτικος) meaning "good at jumping"/"nimble" and sauros (σαυρος) meaning "lizard"; thus "nimble lizard". Halticosaurus was described and named by Friedrich von Huene[3] in 1908 and the type species is Halticosaurus longotarsus.

Description

Halticosaurus longotarsus, is known from the

Middle Stubensandstein Member of the Löwenstein Formation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was recovered by A. Burrer, G. Mayer, and E. Fraas in 1902,[4] at the Burrerschen Quarry, in gray/blue marl that was deposited during the Norian stage of the Triassic period, approximately 215-212 million years ago. The specimen is currently housed in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart in Stuttgart, Germany. von Huene named Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus in 1932 on the basis of a mangled skull also from the Middle Stubensandstein,[5] but it is now considered to have belonged to the indeterminate loricatan archosaur Apatosuchus.[6] He also named Halticosaurus lilliensterni in 1934,[7] but it became the new genus Liliensternus in 1984.[8]

According to Welles (1984) H. longotarsus could be distinguished from the similar species

Liliensternus liliensterni based on the following features:[8]

In 1992, Michael Benton noted that the skull was 18 inches (46 cm) long but was lightly built, with large

fenestrae. The legs of the specimen were strong, and its arms were relatively short. Benton estimated that Halticosaurus would have been about 5.5 m (18.0 ft) long.[9]

However, the fossil material used by these previous researchers was later found to be mixed together with the remains of other animals, including a sauropodomorph (

Sellosaurus gracilis). In 2000, Rauhut and Hungerbühler re-examined the fossil material and concluded that only the two partial femora could be reliably referred to H. longotarsus.[2]

Classification

In 1908, Huene originally assigned this genus broadly to Dinosauria, and after additional analysis in 1909 he assigned Halticosaurus to Saurischia.

Podokesauridae by paleontologists like Simmons (1965), Ostrom (1978), Battail (1986) and Carroll (1988). In their attempt at phylogenetic analysis, Norman (1990) and later, Rauhut and Hungerbuhler (2000) concluded that Halticosaurus was indeterminate because the available material is too poorly preserved.[2]

A second species, based on a partial skull SMNS 12353b was assigned to this genus as cf. Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus in 1932.

crocodylomorph, based on the morphology of the teeth and the antorbital fenestra in the skull.[2] A new genus name, Apatosuchus, was created for this specimen by Hans-Dieter Sues and Rainer R. Schoch in 2013 when they realized that it represented a primitive loricatan archosaur rather than a dinosaur or a crocodylomorph, as a result of further preparation of the specimen.[6]

A third species, H. liliensterni, was reclassified as Liliensternus by Welles.[8] Mortimer (2011) noted that between 1934 and 1984, Liliensternus was incorrectly considered to be a species of Halticosaurus.[12]

References

  1. ISBN 0-520-24209-2
    .
  2. ^ a b c d Rauhut, O.M.W. & Hungerbühler, A. (2000) "A review of European Triassic theropods." Gaia, 15: 75-88.
  3. ^ a b Huene, 1908. Die Dinosaurier der Europäischen Triasformation mit berücksichtigung der Ausseuropäischen vorkommnisse [The dinosaurs of the European Triassic formations with consideration of occurrences outside Europe]. Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen Suppl. 1(1), 1-419.
  4. ^ F. von Huene (1907/1908) "Die Dinosaurier der Europaiaschen Triasformation mit Berucksichtiging der aussereuropaischen Vorkommnisse".
  5. ^ a b Huene, F. von. (1932). Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monogr. Geol. Pal. 4 (1) pts. 1 and 2, viii + 361 pp.
  6. ^
    doi:10.1111/zoj.12038
    .
  7. ^ F. v. Huene, 1934, "Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thüringischen Trias", Paläontologische Zeitschrift 16(3/4): 145-170
  8. ^ a b c d Welles, 1984. Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda), osteology and comparisons. Palaeontographica. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorzeit. Abteilung A: Paläozoologie, Stratigraphie 185 p. 85-180.
  9. ^ Benton, M. (1992). Dinosaur and other prehistoric animal factfinder. 1st American ed. New York: Kingfisher Books. Chicago / Turabian.
  10. ^ Huene, 1909. Skizze zu einer Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Dinosaurier [Sketch of the systematics and origins of the dinosaurs]. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. 1909, 12-22.
  11. ^ S. Chatterjee. 1987. A new theropod dinosaur from India with remarks on the Gondwana-Laurasia connection in the Late Triassic. Gondwana 6: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Paleontology, G. D. McKenzie (ed.), Geophysical Monographs 41:183-189
  12. ^ Mortimer, Mickey (2012). "Coelophysoidea". Archived from the original on 2013-05-04.

External links

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