Hans Speidel

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Hans-Georg von Seidel.
Hans Speidel
Speidel in 1944
Born(1897-10-28)28 October 1897
Metzingen, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire
Died28 November 1984(1984-11-28) (aged 87)
Bad Honnef, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany
Allegiance German Empire
 Weimar Republic
 Nazi Germany
 West Germany
 
Second World War
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Other workPresident of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs

Hans Speidel (28 October 1897 – 28 November 1984) was a Nazi German general, who was one of the major military leaders of

Allied Land Forces Central Europe (COMLANDCENT) from 1957 to 1963 and then as President of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs
from 1964.

Speidel joined the

20 July Plot to assassinate Hitler, and he was tasked with recruiting Rommel for the resistance. After the plot failed he was arrested by the Gestapo. With the help of religious Pallottines
, he was able to escape together with other prisoners and they were able to go into hiding in Urnau in today's Lake Constance district and were taken there by French troops in the last days of the war. Speidel was one of the few participants in the 20 July Plot to survive the war.

During the early

German rearmament, Western international negotiations on defence cooperation and West German integration into NATO. He is thus regarded as one of the founders of the Bundeswehr. He was appointed as the military advisor of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1950 and joined the predecessor of the Federal Ministry of Defence in 1951, was the West German chief delegate to the conference on the Treaty establishing the European Defence Community from 1951 to 1954 and was a lead negotiator when West Germany joined NATO. In 1955 he became a director-general in the Federal Ministry of Defence with the military rank of lieutenant-general in the Bundeswehr, and in 1957 he became the first officer to be promoted to full General in West Germany. He served as COMLANDCENT from 1957 to 1963, with headquarters at the Palace of Fontainebleau in Paris. Speidel was also a historian by training, taught at the University of Tübingen and wrote several books. He received the Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1963. In 1964 he became President of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, the German government's main think tank in international relations
.

He was the father of Brigadier General Hans Helmut Speidel and the father-in-law of European Commissioner and liberal politician Guido Brunner. A German Army military base, the General Dr Speidel Barracks in Bruchsal, was named in his honour in 1997.

Early career

Speidel was born in

magna cum laude
.

Second World War

Speidel with Erich von Manstein August 1943

Speidel took part in the invasion of France of 1940 and in August became Chief of Staff of the military commander in France. During his time in France, Speidel was linked to the mass executions and deportations of Jewish and Communist hostages in reprisal for partisan activities by the French Resistance. Although the reprisals were never ordered by Speidel himself, but military governors Otto von Stülpnagel, and, after Otto resigned due to his reluctance to carry out the reprisals, his cousin, Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, his involvement later drew controversy. Speidel would send reports on the reprisals to the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht in Berlin, and at one point attempted to justify the measures, claiming that they were aimed at the Jewish communists who were behind attacks on the Wehrmacht.[1][2]

In 1942 Speidel was sent to the Eastern Front where he served as Chief of Staff of the 5th Army Corps, and as Chief of Staff of 8th Army in 1943, where he was promoted to general.

In April 1944, Speidel was appointed Chief of Staff to Field Marshal

Atlantic coast. When Rommel was wounded, Speidel continued as Chief of Staff for the new commander of Army Group B, Field Marshal Günther von Kluge
.

On 26 August 1944, Speidel answered the phone when

OKW chief of staff, called Field Marshal Walter Model, commander in chief of the western front, with Hitler's order to start targeting Paris immediately with V1 and V2 rockets. Model was not in. Speidel did not pass on the order to his superior.[3]

20 July Plot

Speidel with Erwin Rommel, April 1944

Speidel, a professional soldier and

20 July Plot to kill Hitler and had been delegated by anti-Hitler forces to recruit Rommel for the conspiracy, which he had cautiously begun to do prior to Rommel's injury in a British strafing attack on 17 July 1944. Speidel managed to become Rommel's confidant, purely by chance: Lucie Rommel, after having an argument with the wife of Alfred Gause (Rommel's then Chief-of-Staff) about who had the more honourable place at a wedding, decided to not only evict the Gause couple out of her house but to order her husband to dismiss Alfred Gause as well. Rommel chose Speidel, a fellow Swabian, as his new Chief-of-Staff.[4][5]

Following the assassination attempt, the

People's Court
, which would have been a death sentence. He was jailed for seven months by the Gestapo. As Allied forces approached the location where he was held, he slipped from his captors and went into hiding for not longer than three weeks until 29 April 1945, when French troops entered the area.

Cold War

In 1950, Speidel was one of the authors of the

Wiederbewaffnung) of the Federal Republic of Germany after World War II. As an important military adviser to the government of Konrad Adenauer, he was instrumental in the creation of the Bundeswehr, and later as a four-star general (the first to be awarded this rank by the Bundeswehr, together with Adolf Heusinger), he oversaw the smooth integration of the Bundeswehr into NATO.[7][8]

November 1955 (left to right): Adolf Heusinger, future Chief of Staff of the Bundeswehr; Theodor Blank, Minister of Defence, West Germany; and Speidel

According to an article in

Bundesnachrichtendienst in 2014, Speidel may have been part of the Schnez-Truppe, a secret illegal army that veterans of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS established up from 1949 in Germany in order to repel an attack either by the Soviet Union or by Soviet-controlled East German police units.[9]

After the war Speidel served for some time as professor of modern history at Tübingen and in 1950 published his book Invasion 1944: Rommel and the Normandy Campaign before being involved in both the development and creation of the new German Army (Bundeswehr) which he joined, reaching the NATO rank of full general. He was subsequently appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied NATO ground forces in Central Europe in April 1957, a command that he held until retirement in September 1963. His headquarters were at the Palace of Fontainebleau in Paris.

Visit by General Hans Speidel to Karlsruhe on the occasion of a US Army reception to mark the 10th anniversary of the Karlsruhe Department of Historical Research at US Headquarters in Europe.

In 1960, Speidel took legal action against an East German

libel.[10]

Hans Speidel died in 1984 at Bad Honnef, North Rhine-Westphalia, aged 87.

Speidel's grave at the Pragfriedhof in Stuttgart

Honours

See also

  • Assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler

References

Citations

  1. S2CID 159511312
    .
  2. ^ "Former Nazi Victims Protest Appointment of Nazias Nato Commander". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
  3. ^ Lapierre, Dominique, A Thousand Suns, Warner Books, 1997, p.129
  4. ISBN 9781612002972
    .
  5. ISBN 3-471-78572-8
    .
  6. ^ Remy 2002, p. 334.
  7. ISBN 9780807862742
    .
  8. ISBN 9783360019547
    .
  9. ^ Wiegrefe, Klaus, "Files Uncovered: Nazi veterans Created Illegal Army", Spiegel Online, 14 May 2014
  10. ^ See Plato Films Ltd v Speidel [1961] AC 1090.
  11. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 450.
  12. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 404.

Bibliography
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