Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio
| Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio | |
|---|---|
| |
| Female volcano ʻelepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis ridgwayi | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Monarchidae |
| Genus: | Chasiempis |
| Species: | C. sandwichensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Chasiempis sandwichensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
| |
| Subspecies | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis), also Hawaiian ʻelepaio, is a
conspecific
.
Taxonomy and systematics
The Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio was
conspecific with the Kauaʻi ʻelepaio (Chasiempis sclateri) and the Oʻahu ʻelepaio (Chasiempis ibidis).[6] The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek khaskō meaning "to gape" and empis meaning "mosquito" or "gnat".[7]
Subspecies
Three subspecies are recognised which differ in their ecological requirements and head coloration (see also
- C. s. sandwichensis - (Gmelin, 1789): The Kona ʻelepaio. It differs from the volcano subspecies by having the forehead and the supercilium whitish with some rusty feathers. It inhabits mesic forest characterized by koa (Acacia koa) and ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha); its population seems to be stable at about 60,000–65,000.
- C. s. ridgwayi - Stejneger, 1887: The volcano ʻelepaio. Originally described as a separate species. This is the most common subspecies today, with a population of around 100,000–150,000, or more than half of the total number of ʻelepaio. It is a bird of the rainforest, which on Hawaiʻi are characterized by ʻōhiʻa lehua and hāpuʻu (Cibotium tree ferns).
- C. s. bryani - slopes of Mauna Kea. It has the entire head heavily washed with white. Due to destruction of most of its habitat, it is the rarest Big Island subspecies, with a population of 2,000–2,500 birds.
References
- . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 945.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 492.
- ^ Latham, John (1783). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 2, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 344 No. 41.
- JSTOR 4080770.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Monarchs". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- JSTOR 1367572.
External links
- van Riper Charles III (1995). "Ecology and breeding biology of the Hawaii elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis bryani)" (PDF). JSTOR 1369037.
- Species factsheet - BirdLife International