Hayam Wuruk
Dyah Hayam Wuruk | |||||||||
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Çri Nata Rajasanagara Çri Nata Wilwatikta | |||||||||
4th Kingdom of Majapahit | |||||||||
Spouse | Paduka Sori (d. 1388) | ||||||||
Issue |
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House | Rajasa | ||||||||
Father | Kertawardhana Dyah Cakradhara, 1st Prince of Tumapel | ||||||||
Mother | Queen Tribhuwana Tunggadewī |
Hayam Vuruk (
Most of the accounts of his life were taken from the Nagarakretagama, a eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, and the Pararaton ("Book of Kings"), a Javanese historical chronicle.
Early life
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2022) |
According to the
Hayam Wuruk's name can be translated as "scholar rooster". He was the only son of
Both the Pararaton and the Nagarakretagama praised Hayam Wuruk as a handsome, bright, talented, and exceptional student in the courtly martial arts of archery and fencing, who also mastered politics, scriptures, arts, and music. He was known as an accomplished ceremonial dancer in the court, and some accounts tell of his performances in the traditional ceremonial Javanese mask dance. His mother, Queen Tribhuwana, educated and groomed him to become the next monarch of Majapahit.[citation needed]
Reign
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2022) |
In 1350,
Prince Hayam Wuruk inherited the throne in 1350 at the age of 16 under his new regnal name Sri Rajasanagara Jayawishnuwardhana. At that time,
Personal life
According to the Pararaton and Kidung Sunda, in 1357, King Hayam Wuruk was expected to marry Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, a daughter of King Linggabuana of the united Sunda Kingdom and Galuh Kingdom. She was described as a princess with extraordinary beauty, but the reason for this royal engagement was probably political, to foster the alliance between the Majapahit and the Sundanese Kingdoms. However, in the Bubat incident, the Sunda royal family and their guards were involved in a skirmish with Majapahit troops. The planned royal wedding ended in disaster with the death of the princess and the whole Sunda royal party. Pitaloka committed suicide at about 17 years old[citation needed]. The court officials blamed Gajah Mada, since he intended to demand submission from the Sunda Kingdom which ended in bloodshed.
After all, Hayam Wuruk married his relative, Paduka Sori. She was a daughter of Wijayarajasa by a concubine, making her a stepdaughter of Hayam Wuruk's maternal aunt. Although all the king's daughters and concubines were beautiful, Queen Sori was a beautiful one. She was linked as Susumna.
They had a daughter, Princess Kusumawardhani, who bestowed the title Princess of Kabalan. King Rajasanagara arranged for her to marry her cousin, Wikramawardhana, Prince of Mataram when he was no older than 12 and she was no older than 7[6] at that time. His mother was Hayam Wuruk's sister, Princess Iswari. She was described as a perfect princess with beautiful eyes and slender arches, as well as praised because of her beauty. Upon Wikramawardhana's reigned, she was mentioned as Bhre Lasem Sang Ahayu "the Fair Princess of Lasem" in Pararaton.
However, from a concubine, Hayam Wuruk had a son, the 2nd Prince of Wirabhumi (his birth name was unknown), granted the title from his marriage to his cousin, Nagarawardhani, 1st Princess of Wirabhumi (then she bore the title 2nd Princess of Lasem), also known as Bhre Lasem Sang Alemu "The Fat Princess of Lasem".
After Hayam Wuruk died in 1389, and the empire fell into chaos and decline during the contest over succession between Wikramawardhana and Wirabhumi. The dispute ended in Wirabhumi's defeat in the Regreg war. Wikramawardhana succeeded Hayam Wuruk as the King of Majapahit. [citation needed]
Legacy
His reign, as part of
See also
- Gosari inscription
- Jabung
- Penataran
- Hinduism in Indonesia
- Hinduism in Java
- Agama Hindu Dharma
- Kejawèn
- Nagarakretagama
- List of Hindu temples in Indonesia
- Jalan Gajah Mada and Jalan Hayam Wuruk
References
- ^ ISBN 9780824803681.
- ^ a b c Mpu Prapanca, translated by Slamet Muljana. "Terjemahan Kakawin Dēśawarṇnana (Nāgarakṛtāgama)" (in Indonesian). Jejak Nusantara. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ^ a b Mark Juergensmeyer and Wade Clark Roof, 2012, Encyclopedia of Global Religion, Volume 1, Page 557.
- ^ "Majapahit Kingdom: History, Lineage Of Kings, And Historical Traces". VOI - Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ^
Malkiel-Jirmounsky, Myron (1939). "The Study of The Artistic Antiquities of Dutch India". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 4 (1). JSTOR 2717905.
- ISSN 0006-2294.
Further reading
- Pringle, Robert (2004). A Short History of Bali: Indonesia's Hindu Realm. Short History of Asia. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1865088631.