Helge Ingstad
Helge Ingstad | |
---|---|
2nd Governor of Svalbard Acting | |
In office 28 July 1933 – 1 September 1935 | |
Monarch | Haakon VII |
Prime Minister | Johan Ludwig Mowinckel Johan Nygaardsvold |
Preceded by | Johannes Gerckens Bassøe |
Succeeded by | Wolmar Tycho Marlow |
Governor of Erik the Red's Land | |
In office 1932–1933 | |
Monarch | Haakon VII |
Prime Minister | Peder Kolstad Jens Hundseid Johan Ludwig Mowinckel |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | Meråker, Norway | 30 December 1899
Died | 29 March 2001 Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway | (aged 101)
Spouse | Anne Stine Ingstad |
Children | 1 |
Alma mater | University of Oslo Faculty of Law |
Part of a series on the |
Norse colonization of North America |
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Helge Marcus Ingstad (30 December 1899 – 29 March 2001)
Helge Ingstad died at Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo at the age of 101.[5]
Early life
Helge Ingstad was the son of Olav Ingstad (1867–1958) and Olga Marie Qvam (1869–1946) in
Career
Helge Ingstad was originally a lawyer by profession, but, ever an outdoorsman, he sold his successful law practice in
Ingstad was the governor (
Marriage
During his years on Svalbard, Helge Ingstad met
Author
Helge Ingstad was a popular author, whose books on his visits to remote parts of the world gained him fame in Norway. From Greenland he wrote Øst for den store bre ("East of the Great Glacier"), from Svalbard he wrote Landet med de kalde kyster ("The Land With the Chilly Coasts"). He also visited the Apache Indians of northwestern Mexico, from which he wrote Apache-indianerne - jakten på den tapte stamme ("The Apaches - The Hunt for the Lost Tribe"). After World War II he stayed for a period in the Brooks Range in northern Alaska among the Nunamiut Iñupiat, and afterwards wrote Nunamiut - blant Alaskas innlandseskimoer ("Nunamiut - Inland Eskimos of Alaska").
His 1931 book,
Viking settlement of North America
In 1960, he discovered the remains of what later proved to be a
. It is the only known site of a Norse or Viking village in Canada, and in North America outside ofArchaeological excavation at the site was conducted in the 1960s by an international team led by archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad (Helge Ingstad's wife) and under the direction of Parks Canada of the Government of Canada in the 1970s. Following each period of excavation, the site was reburied to protect and conserve the cultural resources.
The settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows has been dated to approximately 1,000 years ago, an assessment that tallies with the relative dating of artifact and structure types.[11] The remains of eight buildings were located. They are believed to have been constructed of sod placed over a wooden frame. Based on associated artifacts, the buildings were variously identified as dwellings or workshops. The largest dwelling measured 28.8 by 15.6 m (94 by 51 ft) and consisted of several rooms.[12] Workshops were identified as an iron smithy containing a forge and iron slag, a carpentry workshop, which generated wood debris, and a specialized boat repair area containing worn rivets. Besides those related to iron working, carpentry, and boat repair, other artifacts found at the site consisted of common everyday Norse items, including a stone oil lamp, a whetstone, a bronze fastening pin, a bone knitting needle, and part of a spindle. The presence of the spindle and needle suggests that women were present as well as men.[13] Food remains included butternuts, which are significant because they do not grow naturally north of New Brunswick, and their presence probably indicates the Norse inhabitants travelled farther south to obtain them.[14] Archaeologists concluded that the site was inhabited by the Norse for a relatively short period of time.
Named features
Helge Ingstad has two geographic features in North America named after him. In Canada, a small river, Ingstad Creek, flows into
During the last few years of his life, he worked on categorizing and annotating the large quantity of photos and
Honours
He was an honorary member of the
The inner
The Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad Building on the St. John's Campus of Memorial University is named after him and his wife. It houses the University's Print and Mail Services.[19]
Books
- Ingstad, Helge; Gay-Tifft, Eugene (translator) (1992). The Land of Feast and Famine. McGill-Queens University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0912-7.
- Ingstad, Helge; Naomi Walford (translator) (1966). Land under the Pole Star; a voyage to the Norse settlements of Greenland and the saga of the people that vanished. St. Martins Press.
- Ingstad, Helge (1996). Oppdagelsen av det nye land. J. M. Stenersens forlag (Oslo).
- Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). The Viking Discovery of America: The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Checkmark Books. New York. ISBN 0-8160-4716-2.
- Ingstad, Helge; Groven, Eivind (transcriptions); Tveit, Sigvald (ed.) (1998). Songs of the Nunamiut. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-518-3778-2.
- Ingstad, Helge (1965). Vesterveg til Vinland; oppdagelsen av norrøne boplasser i Nord-Amerika. Gyldendal (Oslo).
- Ingstad, Helge (1954) Nunamiut; Among Alaska's Inland Eskimos New York: W.W. Norton
- Ingstad, Helge (1939) Apache Indianerne - Jakten på den tapte stamme (translated by Janine K. Stenehjem (2004) Apaches - the search for the lost tribe University of Nebraska Press)
- Ingstad, Helge; (1935) Ost For Den Store Bre Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Oslo. (translated by Gay-Tifft, Eugene (1937) East of the Great Glacier Alfred A Knopf, Inc.)
Articles
- Ingstad, Helge. "Vinland Ruins Prove Vikings Found the New World." National Geographic, November 1964. Microsoft Encarta 2009. © 1993–2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
See also
References
- ^ "Helge Marcus Ingstad". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ a b Maud, Ralph (1981). "The Man Who Discovered America" (Documentary film (Requires Adobe Flash)). National Film Board of Canada. Montreal. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ^ Helge Marcus Ingstad Store norske leksikon
- ^ Douglas Martin (March 30, 2001). "Helge Ingstad, Discoverer of Viking Site, Is Dead at 101". The New York Times. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ Jon Gunnar Arntzen. "Ingstad". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ "Helge Ingstad, 101, Discoverer of Viking Site". Halifax Sunday Herald. April 1, 2001. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ "Helge Ingstad". Norsk Polarhistorie. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ Bergljot Solberg (2014-09-28). "Anne Stine Ingstad". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^
"The Land of Feast and Famine By Helge Ingstad". McGill University Press. 1992. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
The Land of Feast and Famine, originally published in 1931 and re-released by McGill-Queen's after more than forty years out-of-print, is a vivid depiction of Ingstad's adventures. He describes the native companions and fellow trappers with whom he shared both harsh and heart-warming experiences, and relates how he learned first-hand about beaver, caribou, wolf, and other wildlife.
- .
- Canadian Encyclopedia.
- ^ "L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada". Parks Canada. 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- ^ "Is L'Anse aux Meadows Vinland?". L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada. Parks Canada. 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-05-22. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
...Vinland was a country, not a place...
- ^ Grant Spearman (2006). "Helge Ingstad and the Nunamiut People of Alaska" (PDF). News of Norway. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ Pettigrew, William. "The Vinland Mystery" (Requires Adobe Flash). Documentary film. National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
- ^ Navantia deliveries the frigate Helge Ingstad Archived 2010-10-01 at the Wayback Machine onemagazine.es
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ "Print and Mail Services".
External links
- Obituary from the New York Times as it appeared in the Halifax Sunday Herald, April 1, 2001
(note that the name of Ingstad's wife, Anne Stine, is misspelled, twice, differently, in this otherwise well-written obituary) - Concise obituary from Memorial University of Newfoundland Gazette, April 12, 2001
- The Norse discovery of America – PubMed abstract of article about the L'Anse Aux Meadows finds
- Family genealogy