Hellvi helmet eyebrow
Hellvi helmet eyebrow | |
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Material | Iron, bronze, silver |
Created | c. 550–600 |
Discovered | c. 1880 Hellvi, Gotland, Sweden |
Present location | Statens historiska museum, Stockholm |
Registration | 470807_HST |
The Hellvi helmet eyebrow is a decorative eyebrow from a
The eyebrow dates to around 550 to 600 AD, and would have once adorned one of the "crested helmets" that appeared in England and Scandinavia around that time. Many of these also featured decorated eyebrows, such as the Sutton Hoo helmet and the Broe helmet; the Hellvi example is one of a number of decorated eyebrows that have been found without other traces of the original helmet, including the Lokrume helmet fragment in Gotland and the Gevninge helmet fragment in Denmark.
Description
![Colour photograph of the back of the Hellvi helmet eyebrow](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Hellvi_helmet_eyebrow_-_330268.jpg/220px-Hellvi_helmet_eyebrow_-_330268.jpg)
The eyebrow survives in two fragments, each about 4 cm (1.6 in) long, that originally formed a continuous arch.[1][2] They are made of iron; the smaller of the fragments terminates in an animal head, made of bronze.[3] The bronze and iron pieces were cast together, the hardened iron placed into the mould of the molten bronze.[4] Both fragments are inlaid, or possibly cast,[5] with vertical strips of silver.[3]
Discovery
The circumstances of the discovery of the eyebrow are largely unknown. It was donated along with other items, all said to be from a grave find in
In 1969
Typology
The eyebrow has been roughly dated to the beginning of the Vendel Period, during the second half of the sixth century.[9] Based on this period, and location, it fits into the corpus of "crested helmets", each characterized by a rounded cap and usually a prominent nose-to-nape crest, that appeared around this time in England and Scandinavia.[10][11] More than half of the known examples are from Sweden; up to twenty are from Gotland alone, although these were typically found in cremation burials and, like the Hellvi example, comprise only a fragment or two.[12][13][14]
The Hellvi example is one of many crested helmets to have featured decorated eyebrows.[5] The Broe helmet—also from Gotland—and the Sutton Hoo helmet both have eyebrows with animal-head terminals, and inlaid strips of metal.[15] The decorative motif of incised vertical strips has been repeated on other helmets, such as from Vendel and York,[16][17] in what is probably a cheaper imitation, or an invocation of an earlier style.[18][19] Other decorated helmet eyebrows have also been discovered alone. These include another decorated eyebrow from Gotland, in Lokrume,[20] an eyebrow from Uppåkra on the mainland,[21] and an ornate helmet eyepiece from Gevninge, Denmark.[22] The singularity of at least the latter two finds has led to an association with the Germanic god Odin, who reputedly gave one of his eyes to drink from the well of wisdom.[23] Another artefact found in Hellvi—a Roman mask that saw continued use in the Iron Age, and was found in a house dating to around 550—had one eye removed and buried nearby, further suggesting the contemporaneous significance of singular eyes.[24]
References
- ^ a b Nerman 1969a, fig. 607.
- ^ SHM eyebrow.
- ^ a b c Nerman 1975, p. 30.
- ^ Arwidsson 1977, p. 29.
- ^ a b Bruce-Mitford 1978, p. 158 n.3.
- ^ Nerman 1969b, p. 14.
- ^ a b Månadsblad 1881, p. 181.
- ^ Arwidsson 1977, pp. 29, 29 n.4.
- ^ Nerman 1975, pp. 4, 30.
- ^ Steuer 1987, pp. 199–203, 230–231.
- ^ Tweddle 1992, pp. 1083, 1086.
- ^ Nerman 1969a, figs. 600–620.
- ^ Nerman 1975, pp. 29–30.
- ^ Steuer 1987, pp. 199–200, 230–231.
- ^ Bruce-Mitford 1978, pp. 158 n.3, 168–171.
- ^ Webster 1998, p. 188.
- ^ Webster 2002, p. 217.
- ^ Bruce-Mitford 1952, p. 752 n.21.
- ^ Bruce-Mitford 1974, p. 211.
- ^ Lindqvist 1925, pp. 192–193.
- ^ Larsson 2007, pp. 19–20.
- ^ Christensen 2002, pp. 42–43.
- ^ Price & Mortimer 2014, pp. 524, 531, 533.
- ^ Price & Mortimer 2014, pp. 526–530.
Bibliography
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ISBN 91-506-0113-X.
- Bruce-Mitford, Rupert (1952). "The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial". In Hodgkin, Robert Howard (ed.). A History of the Anglo-Saxons. Vol. II (3rd ed.). London: Oxford University Press. pp. 696–734, 750–756.
- ISBN 0-575-01704-X.
- ISBN 978-0-7141-1331-9.
- Christensen, Tom (2002). "Kongens Mand – Guld og Hjelm fra Gevninge". In Pind, John; Jørgensen, Anne Nørgård; Jørgensen, Lars; Storgård, Birger; Rindel, Per Ole & Ilkjær, Jørgen (eds.). Drik – og du vil Leve Skønt: Festskrift til Ulla Lund Hansen på 60-årsdagen 18. august 2002. Studies in Archaeology & History (in Danish). Vol. 7. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark. pp. 41–45. ISBN 978-87-89384-90-0.
- "Från Akademiens sammankomster: Den 2 november 1880". Månadsblad (in Swedish). 9 (105–108). Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities: 181–182. September–December 1881.
- "Hjälm". Sök i samlingarna. Statens historiska museum. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- Nerman, Birger (1969a). Die Vendelzeit Gotlands (II): Tafeln. Monographien Herausgegehen von der Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien (in German). Vol. 48. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
- Nerman, Birger (1969b). Die Vendelzeit Gotlands: Provisorisches Verzeichnis der Tafelfiguren (in German). Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
- ISBN 91-7402-016-1.
- .
- ISBN 3-7848-1617-7.
- ISBN 0-631-17225-4.
- Republished as ISBN 0-393-97580-0.
- Republished as