Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops
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Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops | |
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Type | Combat helmet and bulletproof vest |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1983–present (U.S. military reserve)[1] 1985–present (other countries) |
Used by | United States Navy U.S. Army Reserve U.S. Army (historical) U.S. Marine Corps (historical) U.S. Air Force (historical) See Users for other foreign military/law enforcement users |
Wars | Invasion of Grenada (first usage)[2] Invasion of Panama Persian Gulf War Battle of Mogadishu Yugoslav Wars[3][4] Global War on Terrorism
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Production history | |
Designer | U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center |
Designed | 1975 (vest), 1977 (helmet) |
Manufacturer | |
Variants | U.S. Navy Flak Jacket (Mk 1, Mod 0) |
Specifications | |
Weight |
Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops (PASGT, pronounced
Designed in the mid-1970s as a replacement for the M1 helmet and previous fragmentation vests, prototypes of the PASGT were tested in the late 1970s before being fielded in the early 1980s. In the early 2000s, the PASGT vest began being replaced by the IBA and the PASGT helmet was replaced soon thereafter with the LWH and MICH. As of 2018, the only remaining U.S. military users of PASGT in any capacity are the U.S. Army Reserve and the U.S. Navy, the latter of which retains the PASGT helmet for use by sailors aboard its warships, in addition to a PASGT-derived vest known as the "U.S. Navy Flak Jacket".
Name
PASGT is an acronym, standing for Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops. When used by itself, PASGT refers to both the vest and helmet together.[9]
In the U.S. military, the PASGT helmet was most commonly known by its wearers as simply the "Kevlar". The nickname has since been adopted for usage with other helmets. The PASGT helmet was also referred to by its wearers in the U.S. military as the "K-pot", similar in name to the colloquial nickname "steel pot" for the steel M1 helmet, which was in widespread U.S. military usage from the 1940s to the 1980s, including the Vietnam War. The PASGT helmet was also, but less commonly, known by its wearers as the "Fritz" helmet for its resemblance to the Stahlhelm, which was the standard helmet used by the German military forces in the First and Second World Wars.
On the other hand, the PASGT vest was colloquially known as the "flak jacket" or "flak vest" by its wearers in the U.S. military, a continuation of the nickname from earlier nylon and fiberglass-based protective vests.
Helmet
The PASGT helmet is a
Overview
The PASGT helmet is typically painted
Outside military use, the PASGT helmet has been used by
When worn with a helmet cover, the PASGT helmet is often fitted with a band around it that has two light recharging glow patches (sometimes known as "cat eyes") on the rear, intended to reduce friendly fire incidents. These bands are also used to hold vegetation or small personal items, as with the M1 helmet before it. These bands can have names and blood types printed on them to identify the wearer and their blood type in the event of a casualty. In the U.S. Army, PASGT helmets often featured a patch with the wearer's rank insignia on it stitched onto the front, and/or a second patch showing the symbol of the wearer's unit on the sides. The U.S. Marines wore the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor insignia on the front of the helmet as an iron-on transfer, similar to the one worn by Marines on the breast pocket of the BDU. This practice continued with the adoption of the LWH, but fell out of use and was discontinued because the mounting base for night vision devices covered the emblem, and required a hole in the fabric to attach, defacing the symbol.
Development
The PASGT helmet was developed by the
Accessories
Various add-on accessories were developed for the PASGT helmet, including an improved chinstrap to keep the helmet stable when worn by
Replacement
The PASGT helmet was replaced in U.S. military service by the Lightweight Helmet for the U.S. Marine Corps and the Modular Integrated Communications Helmet by the U.S. Army, which was in turn replaced by the Advanced Combat Helmet.
Both were eventually replaced by the Enhanced Combat Helmet (ECH) around 2012 and 2014.
The PASGT system is still used by some U.S. allies and still sees some continued limited use in the U.S. military as of 2017, serving as one of the options available for sailors assigned to duty aboard U.S. Navy and Coast Guard vessels.
Vest
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2013) |
The PASGT vest was the U.S. military's standard upper torso
The PASGT vest used
Appearance
The PASGT vest is typically covered with woodland pattern nylon fabric, either the ERDL pattern or U.S. Woodland. A very limited number of vests were made in olive drab, but only woodland versions were issued to U.S. forces.[14] Like the PASGT helmet, camouflage covers were available to be worn atop the vest in various patterns. Early camouflage covers were in DBDU but later came in the DCU pattern.[15]
Development
The PASGT vest was designed in 1975[16][17][15] and was tested by in the late 1970s before being fielded in the early 1980s.[10]
In January 2000, the U.S. Navy began using a derivative variant of the PASGT vest known as the "U.S. Navy Flak Jacket Mk 1, Mod 0".[18] This vest was still being used by the U.S. Navy as late as April 2017.[18][19] The USN Flak Jacket is sage green or brown in color. Although this vest is quite similar in appearance to the PASGT vest, it actually is a different model of vest altogether.[20]
Accessories and usage
In order to provide protection against high velocity bullets, the PASGT vest was, in 1996, combined with the Interim Small Arms Protective Overvest (ISAPO) pending the adoption of
While it had been phased out as frontline body armor by the start of the
Replacement
The PASGT vest was succeeded in U.S. military service by the
Users
Current
- Afghanistan: Uses ArmorSource-made PASGT helmets provided through FMS sales.[23]
- Argentina: Used by the Argentine Army.[24]
- Brazil: Uses both U.S. and Brazilian-made PASGT helmets.[25]
- Bolivia: Adopted by the Bolivian Armed Forces in the 1990s.[26]
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Both the vest and helmet are used by the Bosnian armed forces.
- Costa Rica: Used since 1990s by various Costa Rican public security units.[27]
- Dominican Republic: Used by the Dominican military, replacing all M1 helmets.[28]
- Ecuador: Ecuadorian-made PASGT helmets in use by the military.[29]
- El Salvador: Used in El Salvadorian military to replace M1 helmets.[30]
- Estonia: PASGT vests used by reservists.[31]
- Greece: Used by Hellenic Army.[32]
- Haiti: Used by Haitian National Police.[33]
- Indonesia: Locally made PASGT helmets, Standard issue for Indonesian Armed Forces and the Indonesian Police.[34]
- Iraq: Used by Iraqi commandos operating under Counter-Terrorism Service mandate.[35]
- Israel: Used by the Israeli military, most supplied by the U.S. with some made by Orlite.[36][37]
- Kazakhstan: PASGT helmet and vest used by Kazakh Ground Forces.
- Lebanon: Standard issue helmet of the Lebanese Armed Forces
- Mexico: Mexican military uses both American and Mexican-made PASGT helmets.[38]
- Moldova:[39] PASGT helmets and vests have been used since 2000s.
- Nicaragua: PASGT helmets have been used since the 1990s by the Nicaraguan military.[40]
- Philippines: Standard issue for Philippine Army and Philippine Marine Corps.[41]
- Portugal: Used by Portuguese Army.[42]
- Saudi Arabia: Used by Saudi Arabian Army and Saudi Arabian National Guard.[43]
- Slovenia: Used by the Slovenian Special Police Unit (Specialna Enota Policije).[44]
- Taiwan: Taiwanese-made PASGT helmets made for the Taiwanese military.[45]
- Thailand: PASGT Used by Royal Thai Army and Royal Thai Marine Corps Since 1984 [46]
- Turkey: PASGT vests were used by Amphibious Marine Brigade.[47]
- United States
- United States Army Reserve: Limited numbers still used as of August 2018.[48][49][50]
- United States Navy: PASGT vests were still used by the U.S. Navy aboard its warships as of June 2016.[51] The U.S. Navy also uses a PASGT-derived vest known as the "U.S. Navy Flak Jacket".[18][19] PASGT helmets are still used by the U.S. Navy aboard its warships as of January 2017.[52]
- Ukraine: Used by Aidar/Donbas Battalions.[53]
- Uruguay: Mostly used by Uruguayan UN peacekeepers.[54] Some are used by the National Police of Uruguay.[55]
- Venezuela: Uses PASGT helmets made in China for the Venezuelan military.[56]
- Vietnam: Uses Vietnamese-made PASGT helmets, as well as imported Israeli ones.[57]
Former
- Australia: Australian-made M91 variant produced by RBR Armor Systems and American-made helmets used by the Australian Defence Force from the 1990s until 2005. Replaced by the Enhanced Combat Helmet.[58][59]
- Canadian Forces also used body armour based on the PASGT[64] to replace the older M69 fragmentation vests as early as 1990, seen during the Oka Crisis and would be used till the mid 2000s when it was fully replaced by the CTS Body Armour System from Pacific Safety Products.[65]
- Georgia: PASGT helmets replaced by Delta manufactured combat helmets.[66]
- Singapore: PASGT helmets formerly used by the Singapore Armed Forces made by International Scientific Pte Ltd.[67] with some refurbished by All Defense Technology Pte Ltd.[67]
- United States[10][68]
- Interceptor body armorand Modular Integrated Communications Helmet.
- U.S. Marine Corps: Replaced by the Lightweight Helmet and Interceptor Body Armor.
- Los Angeles Police Department: PASGT helmets were formerly used by the LAPD SWAT.[69]
-
PASGT helmet variants and derivatives
Name | Origin | Notes |
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M91 helmet | Australia | Australian PASGT derived helmet made by RBR Armour Systems Pty Ltd. In service with all branches of the Australian Defence Force from the 1990s to 2005. Identical to the American PASGT helmet with the exception of having a 4-point chin strap. |
CABAL II | Argentina | Argentine PASGT derived helmet. |
Capacete Combate Ballistico | Brazil | Brazilian PASGT derived helmet. |
GOLFO | Chile | Chilean PASGT-derived helmet. The helmet is locally made by Baselli Hermanos S.A of kevlar and was introduced in 2000. It is capable of stopping a 9×19mm round at 310 m (1,020 ft). |
Gefechtshelm Schuberth B826 helmet
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Germany | German military helmet, used primarily by the Dutch Army, and the Estonian Defence Forces .
|
SPECTRA helmet | France | French military helmet, used primarily by the Canadian military .
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Type 88 helmet | Japan | Japanese military helmet, used by the Japanese Self-Defense Forces and the Japanese Coast Guard. |
JK 96a light Light Steel Helmet
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China | Chinese military light steel helmet. PASGT-derivative replica helmet, made of light steel and not Kevlar. Used primarily by the People's Republic of China .
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JK 96b Light Steel Helmet
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China | Chinese military light steel helmet. PASGT-derivative replica helmet, made of light steel and not Kevlar. Used primarily by the People's Republic of China .
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NDH 2001 helmet | China | Chinese helmet, produced by the China North Industries Corporation . Norinco produces two types of these PASGT-derivative replica helmets, designed towards civilian police usage.
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NDH 2006 helmet | China | Chinese helmet, produced by the China North Industries Corporation . Norinco produces two types of these PASGT-derivative replica helmets, designed towards civilian police usage.
|
OE Tech Tactical helmet | China | Replica helmet only. |
ST-4 helmet | Romania | Romanian PASGT derived helmet.[70] |
M97 Helmet | Serbia | Serbian PASGT derived helmet. |
C-1 Kevlar helmet | Singapore | Used primarily by the Singaporean Armed Forces. |
M87 Kevlar helmet | South Africa | South African helmet issued to the SADF. Made by South African Pith Helmet Industries. |
Kevlar VestGuard helmet | United Kingdom | The British VestGuard helmet comes in two different variants, the M88 version, and the Kevlar version. Also made by LBA International Ltd. |
M88 VestGuard helmet | United Kingdom | The British VestGuard helmet comes in two different variants, the M88 version, and the Kevlar version. Also made by LBA International Ltd. |
Advanced Combat Helmet | United States | Used primarily by the United States Army and United States Air Force, although it sees widespread usage throughout the U.S. military and is widely used among civilian law enforcement throughout the United States. The ACH helmet is based upon the design of the Modular Integrated Communications Helmet, offering increased ballistic protection over the MICH helmet on which it is based. The ACH helmet has replaced the PASGT helmet in United States Army usage, and is the successor to the MICH helmet. |
Lightweight Helmet | United States | Used primarily by the United States Marine Corps and the United States Navy. Abbreviated to LWH, the Lightweight Helmet is heavily based upon the PASGT helmet design, being nearly identical in appearance, however it offers increased ballistic protection and wearer comfort over the preceding PASGT helmet. The Lightweight Helmet has replaced the PASGT helmet in United States Marine Corps and United States Navy service. |
Modular Integrated Communications Helmet | United States | Used primarily by the United States Army and United States Air Force, although it sees widespread usage throughout the U.S. military and is widely used among civilian law enforcement throughout the United States. The Modular Integrated Communications Helmet is the predecessor to the Advanced Combat Helmet, which is an improved design, based upon the design of the MICH helmet. |
See also
- HRM tactical vest
- 6B2 ballistic vest, the Soviet Army counterpart
- Interceptor Multi-Threat Body Armor System, the body armor that succeeded the PASGT vest in U.S. military service
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