Helvella acetabulum

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Helvella acetabulum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Pezizomycetes
Order: Pezizales
Family: Helvellaceae
Genus: Helvella
Species:
H. acetabulum
Binomial name
Helvella acetabulum
(L.) Quél. (1874)
Synonyms[1]

Peziza acetabulum L. (1753)
Octospora acetabulum (L.) Timm (1788)
Peziza sulcata Pers. (1801)
Macroscyphus acetabuliforme Gray (1821)
Acetabula sulcata (

Pers.) Fuckel
(1870)
Acetabula vulgaris Fuckel (1870)
Paxina acetabulum (L.) Kuntze (1891)
Paxina sulcata (Pers.) Kuntze (1891)

Helvella acetabulum
mycorrhizal
Edibility is not recommended

Helvella acetabulum is a species of

fruit body with prominent branching ribs resembling a cabbage leaf; for this reason it is commonly known as the cabbage leaf Helvella. Other colloquial names include the vinegar cup and the brown ribbed elfin cup. The fruit bodies reaches dimensions of 8 centimetres (3 in) by 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) tall. It is found in Eurasia and North America, where it grows in sandy soils, under both coniferous and deciduous
trees.

Taxonomy

The fungus was first named as Peziza acetabulum by

segregates: Joachim Christian Timm placed it in Octospora (1788), Samuel Frederick Gray in Macroscyphus (1821), and Leopold Fuckel in Acetabula (1870). The trend continued, with Claude Casimir Gillet with placing it in Aleuria in 1879, and Otto Kuntze in his new Paxina (of which it would later be designated type species) in 1891.[1]

Described independently as Peziza sulcata by Persoon in 1801, it was placed under that name in both Paxina and Acetabula—alongside its precursor as both taxa were still considered separate at the time.[1] Finally, Frederic Clements renamed Acetabula as Phleboscyphus in 1903 and improperly reused Fuckel's name as the basionym of his Phleboscyphus vulgaris.[3]

The

specific epithet acetabulum means "little vinegar cup", and was the Latin word for a small vessel used for storing vinegar (see acetabulum). Common names include the "cabbage leaf Helvella",[4] the "vinegar cup",[5] the "ribbed-stalk cup",[6] and the "brown ribbed elfin cup".[7]

Description

Prominent ribs on the outer surface are characteristic

Helvella acetabulum has a deeply cup-shaped

apothecium) that is up to 8 centimetres (3 inches) in diameter, and 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) deep.[8] The cream-colored stem is typically 1 to 6 cm (1⁄2 to 2+1⁄2 in) tall by 1 to 3 cm (1⁄2 to 1+1⁄4 in) thick,[5] with ribs extending almost to the top of the fruit body.[9] The fruit body's exterior surface is cream-colored towards the stem and may feel subtly grainy near the margin.[8] The inner spore-bearing surface, the hymenium, is brownish[8] and possibly smooth or slightly wavy. The mushroom's odor and taste are not distinctive.[10]

The spores are smooth, elliptical, translucent (

inamyloid, so they do not adsorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent.[10] The paraphyses are club-shaped, and have a pale brown color, with tips that are up to 10 μm thick.[4]

Similar species

Gyromitra perlata.[8]

Distribution and habitat

This fungus is widespread in North America and Europe.

Alberta, Canada.[12] In Mexico, it has been collected from State of Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, and Tlaxcala.[14] It is also found in Israel,[15] Jordan,[16] Turkey,[17] Iran [18] China (Xinjiang)[19] and Japan.[20]

The fruit bodies grows solitary, scattered, or clustered together on soil in both

coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) has been noted for Californian populations.[21]

Potential toxicity

Although the edibility of the fruit bodies is often listed as "unknown",[21][22] consumption of this fungus is not recommended as similar species in the family Helvellaceae contain varying levels of monomethylhydrazine (MMH).[23] Although MMH can be removed by boiling in a well-ventilated area, consumption of any MMH-producing mushroom is not advisable (as with G. esculenta). Roger Phillips lists the species as poisonous.[24]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
  2. ^ Linnaeus C. (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 1181.
  3. JSTOR 2478878
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-89301-062-6
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-395-91090-0
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5
    .
  7. ISBN 0-89815-169-4
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 0-520-03656-5
    .
  10. ^
    ISBN 0-7112-2379-3
    .
  11. ^ Calonge FD, Arroyo I (1990). "Notes on the genus Helvella in Spain". Mycotaxon. 39: 203–17.
  12. ^ a b Abbott SP, Currah RS (1988). "The genus Helvella in Alberta". Mycotaxon. 33: 229–50.
  13. OCLC 797915861
    .
  14. ^ Vite-Garín TM, Villarruel-Ordaz JL, Cifuentes-Blanco J (2006). "Contribución al conocimineto del género Helvella (Ascomycota: Pezizales) en México: descriptión de especies poco conocidas" [Contribution to the study of the genus Helvella (Ascomycota : Pezizales) in Mexico: description of poorly known species]. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad (in Spanish). 77 (2): 143–51.
  15. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2008/0087-0315
    .
  16. ^ Natour RM. (2006). Mushrooms of Jordan. Higher Council of Science and Technology. p. 20.
  17. ISSN 1300-008X
    .
  18. ^ Asef MR, Ozzar A, Siami A (2010). "Helvella acetabulum, a new record from Iran". Rostaniha. 11 (2): 199–200.
  19. ^ Zhuang WY. (2004). "Preliminary survey of the Helvellaceae from Xinjiang, China". Mycotaxon. 90 (1): 35–42.
  20. ^ Nagao H. (2002). "Fungal flora in Chiba Pref., central Japan (III) Ascomycetes: Plectomycetes and Discomycetes". Journal of the Natural History Museum and Institute Chiba (in Japanese). 5: 111–32.
  21. ^ a b Wood M, Stevens F. "Helvella acetabulum". California Fungi. MycoWeb. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  22. ISBN 0-292-75126-5
    .
  23. ISBN 0-520-05569-1
    .
  24. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2
    .

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