History of Bombay under British rule (1661–1947)

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See also: History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661)

populous cities in the world
.

Once an archipelago of

English East India Company, on 27 March 1668, for a nominal £10 rent.[2]

Establishment of the Company Settlement (1661–1817)

Bombay, 1672
Bombay, Niebuhr's Map, 1764
Bombay Fort, 1771–1864
Plan of Bombay, 1760
St. Thomas Cathedral, constructed by Charles Boone in 1718, was the first Anglican Church in Bombay.

On 18 January 1665,

Jews. On 20 February 1673, Rijckloff van Goens, the Governor-General of Dutch India attacked Bombay, but the attack was resisted by Aungier. The Treaty of Westminster (1674)
, concluded between England and Holland, relieved the English settlements in Bombay of further apprehension from the Dutch.

In 1682, the Company fortified the Middle Ground Coastal Battery isle in the archipelago to curb the sea piracy in the area. Between 1678 and 1682, Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, landed at Sewri and torched Mahim. By 15 February 1689, Khan conquered almost the whole island, and razed the Mazagon Fort in June 1690. After a payment made by the English to Aurangzeb, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690. Sidi Qasim, or Yakut Khan, who acted as Mughal Empire empire navy officer, wintered the Bombay port as in practice the Mughals, and Maratha sailors are treating Bombay as their own.[3] The Siddi sailors under Yakut Khan dominance in Bombay even prevented Sir John Child to seek retribution towards them when there is accident between Yakut Khan sailors with the english sailors in 1683.[3]

In 1715, the construction of

Bajirao II, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, in the Battle of Kirkee which took place on the Deccan Plateau
. The success of the British campaign in the Deccan witnessed the freedom of Bombay from all attacks by native powers.

City development (1817–1886)

Tanna railway viaducts
The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (circa 1855)
University of Bombay
's Campus (circa 1870)

The encouragement of the trade of Bombay with Jeshwanth combined with the company's military successes in the Deccan paved the way for the educational and economic progress which characterized the city during the nineteenth century. The Hornby Vellard project gained momentum in 1817. One of the chief improvements to the north of

Parsis in October 1851, in consequence of an ill-advised article on Muhammad
which appeared in the Gujarathi newspaper. On 16 April 1853 the first-ever Indian railway line began operations between Bombay and neighbouring Tanna, over a distance of 21 miles.

The first

Bombay Quadrangular followed. Bombay became one of the few cities in the world to include a large national park within its limits, and the Bombay Natural History Society
was founded in 1883. The Princess Dock was built in 1885 as part of a scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay harbour.

Political consciousness and independence struggle (1885–1947)

First session of the Indian National Congress in Bombay (28–31 December 1885)
Indian Independence Movement
in Bombay.
Map of Island of Bombay, 1812–16, re-published in 1893
Map of Bombay, ca. 1914

The growth of political consciousness started after the establishment of the Bombay Presidency Association by

bubonic plague which killed thousands of citizens. In a single week in 1897, over 10,000 persons fled Bombay. On 9 March 1898 there was a serious riot which started with a sudden outbreak of hostility against the measures adopted by Government for suppression of plague. The riot led to a strike of dock and railway workers which paralysed the city for a few days. The significant results of the plague was the creation of the Bombay City Improvement Trust in 1898 and the Haffkine Institute
in 1899. The cotton mill industry was also adversely affected during 1900 and 1901 due to the flight of workers because of the plague. The years 1904–05, however, witnessed a reversion of this state of affairs.

The

First World War
in order to control public unrest.

Following

Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 18 February 1946 in Bombay marked the first and most serious revolt by the Indian sailors of the Royal Indian Navy against British rule.[13] On 15 August 1947, finally India became independent. The last British troops to leave India, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, passed through the arcade of the Gateway of India in Bombay on 28 February 1948.[14]
The 282-year-long period of the British domination in Bombay ended after India's Independence in 1947.

See also

Notes

  1. ISBN 978-1-134-52859-2
    .
  2. ^ a b c Nergish Sunavala (27 March 2018). "When Bombay went to East India Company for £10 rent | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  3. ^
    ISBN 9781471101274
    . Retrieved 2 December 2023. . In theory, the English were sovereign over the island of Bombay in a way that they were....in a way that they were sovereign over nowhere in Bengal. In practice, such sovereignty meant little as the island
  4. ^ a b "Mumbai / Bombay - a geographical history". 11 September 2004. Archived from the original on 11 September 2004. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  5. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, pp. 404–433
  6. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, p. 435
  7. Daily News & Analysis
    . Retrieved 9 October 2008.
  8. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, pp. 443–451
  9. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, pp. 465–506
  10. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, pp. 508–512
  11. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, Outbreak of the War
  12. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, Quit India Movement
  13. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, pp. 580–583
  14. ^ Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1986, pp. 584–585

References and Bibliography

  • Aspengren, Henrik C. "Sociological knowledge and colonial power in Bombay around the First World War", "British Journal for the History of Science", Dec. 2011, Vol. 44 Issue 4, pp. 533–548.
  • Collins, Charles Dillard (1988). Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta. State University of New York Press.
    ISBN 978-0-88706-774-7
    .
  • David, M. D. (1973). History of Bombay, 1661–1708: 1661–1708. University of Bombay.
  • Dobbin, Christine. Urban Leadership in Western India: Politics and Communities in Bombay City 1840-1885 (Oxford University Press), 1972.
  • Dwivedi, Sharada; Rahul Mehrotra (2001). Bombay: The Cities Within. Eminence Designs.
  • Khandekar, Vishnu Sakharam; A. K. Bhagwat; Acyuta Kesava Bhagavata (1977). Maharashtra, a Profile. V. S. Khandekar Amrit Mahotsava Satkar Samiti.
  • Kidambi, Prashant. The Making of an Indian Metropolis. Colonial Governance and Public Culture in Bombay, 1890–1920 (Hampshire: Ashgate), 2007, pp. 268
  • Kosambi, Meera. Bombay in Transition: The Growth & Social Ecology of a Colonial City, 1880–1980 (1986) 204pp
  • Numark, Mitch. "Translating Dharma: Scottish Missionary-Orientalists and the Politics of Religious Understanding in Nineteenth-Century Bombay," Journal of Asian Studies, May 2011, 70#2, pp 471–500
  • Sheppard, Samuel Townsend (1932). Bombay. The Times of India Press.
  • Greater Bombay District Gazetteer. Maharashtra State Gazetteers. Vol. III. Government of Maharashtra. 1986. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
  • "Portuguese Settlements on the Western Coast". Maharashtra State Gazetteer (PDF). Government of Maharashtra. 1977. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
  • Thana District Gazetteer. Gazetteers of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. XIII. Government of Maharashtra. 1986 [1882]. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
  • Thana — Places of Interest. Gazetteers of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. XIV. Government of Maharashtra. 2000 [1882]. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
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