Peshwa
Peshwa | |
---|---|
Bithur, Kanpur (1818–57) | |
Appointer |
|
Formation | 1674 |
First holder | Moropant Trimbak Pingle |
Final holder |
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Abolished | 3 June 1818 (de jure) 16 July 1857 (de facto) |
Peshwa
All Peshwas during the rule of
In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of Kolis under their Naik Javji Bamble. Javji withdrew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at Nasik, he surrendered all his forts to Tukoji Holkar and, through Holkar's influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his predecessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.[4]
First use
The word Peshwa is from
Ramchandra Pant Amatya (Bawadekar)
Bhat Family
The Maratha war of succession between Tara Bai and Shahu resulted in latter's victory and assumption of Maratha throne as Chhatrapati. In 1713, Shahu appointed
At the time of his death in 1749, Shahu made the Peshwas his successors under these conditions: Shivaji's descendants, who remained as the titular Raja of
Legacy
The first Peshwa to receive the status of a pantpradhan was Ramchandra Pant Amatya Bawdekar in 1689 by Rajaram. The first (Bhat) Deshmukh family Peshwa was Balaji Vishwanath (Bhat) Deshmukh. He was succeeded as Peshwa by his son
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Statue of Balaji Vishwanath, the first Peshwa from the Bhat family, at Shrivardhan, Raigad district, Maharashtra, India.
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Statue of Bajirao I, the second Peshwa from the Bhat family, outside Shaniwar Wada, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
List of Peshwas
Sr. | Name | Reign Began C.E. | Reign Ended C.E. |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Moropant Trimbak Pingle | 1674 | 1683 |
2 | Nilakanth Moreshvar Pingale | 1683 | 1689 |
3 | Ramchandra Pant Amatya | 1689 | 1708 |
4 | Bahiroji Pingale | 1708 | 1711 |
5 | Parshuram Trimbak Kulkarni | 1711 | 1713 |
Hereditary Peshwas from Bhat family
Sr. | Name | Particulars | Reign Began C.E. | Reign Ended C.E. | Portrait |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 | Balaji Vishwanath (Sixth appointed Peshwa) | Assisted the Syed Brothers in deposing the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1719
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1713 | 1720 | |
7 | Baji Rao I (Seventh appointed Peshwa)
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Known as Thorle (elder) Bajirao and acknowledged as the most influential of the nine Peshwas. Said to have fought for the establishment of "Hindu Pad Padshahi"(Hindu Empire). Helped conquer Central India (Malwa) and Rajputana and extended his dominions into Gujarat in the northwest and Deccan in the south. Attacked Delhi in 1737. Fought in over 41 battles and is one of the few to have never lost a single battle. Died at the age of 40 of sudden fever in camp en route to Delhi; he has been commemorated in the form of an equestrian statue erected at Shaniwar Wada in Pune. | 1720 | 1740 | |
8 | Balaji Bajirao (Eighth appointed Peshwa)
|
Known as Nanasaheb Peshwa. Managed to extend the Maratha territories into most of North-West, East and Central India. Captured Parvati Temple, Lakdi Pool and established Nana Peth (area) in Pune. Built a water reservoir near Katraj to provide clean water to Pune city; this 250-year-old system is still functioning.
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1740 | 1761 | |
9 | Madhav-Rao I (First hereditary Peshwa) | Fraught with internal dissensions and successful Wars with the Nizam. During his tenure, Maratha power recovered from the losses suffered during the Third Battle of Panipat, a phenomenon known as Maratha Resurrection . Repaired the recently weakened administration, treasury, and accounts of the Maratha Empire. He died of tuberculosis in 1772; a memorial commemorating his greatness stands at Peshwe Park in Pune. One of the theory says that he was assassinated by her aunt, Anandi Bai (wife of Raghunath Rao).
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1761 | 1772 | |
10 | Narayan-Rao
|
Assassinated by Gardi guards. Raghunath Rao was in favor of just kidnapping him but Anandi Bai (wife of Raghunath Rao) decided to kill him. Narayan Rao was assassinated in Shanivar Wada. Nowadays, it is considered one of the haunted place in Maharashtra. | 1772 | 1773 | |
11 | Raghunath-Rao
|
Responsible for extending the Maratha empire to the zenith in the North as a General and also saw the decline of Maratha power in North India. Deposed by Nana Phadnis and 11 other administrators in what is now called "The Barbhai Conspiracy".
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1773 | 1774 | |
12 | Madhav-Rao II | Appointed Peshwa as an infant with a council of Maratha Generals and ministers as regents. Era dominated by the political intrigues of Nana Phadnis . Saw the resurgence of Maratha power in North India.
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1774 | 1796 | |
13 | Baji Rao II | 1st Reign – Was defeated by Maratha confederacy .
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1796 | 1802 | |
– | Amrut Rao[12][13] (Appointed as Peshwa by Yashwantrao Holkar) | Appointed Peshwa by Yashwantrao Holkar after defeating Baji Rao II and Daulat Rao Sindhia in Battle of Poona. | 1802 | 1803 | |
13 | Baji Rao II | 2nd Reign – During his second reign began the Bithur near Kanpur .
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1803 | 1851 | |
14 | Nana Sahib (Pretender to the position of Peshwa) |
Was a leader during the Maratha confederacy and the Peshwa tradition.
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1851 | 1857 | |
15 | Bajirao III | in 1864 he captured Pune from Britishers mentioned in Pune piller | 1859 | 1896 |
Notable generals and diplomats
- Khando Ballal Chitnis
- Javji Bamble
- Annaji Datto Sachiv
- Balaji Kunjar
- Bapu Gokhale
- Govind Pant Bundela
- Ibrahim Khan Gardi
- Mahadaji Shinde
- Malhar Rao Holkar
- Nana Phadnawis
- Niranjan Madhav Parasnis
- Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi
- Sakharam Hari Gupte
- Pilaji Rao Gaekwad
- Ranoji Scindia
- Sadashivrao Bhau
- Santaji Ghorpade
- Shamsher Bahadur
- Visaji Krushna Biniwale
In popular culture
- Kaustubh Kasture has written a book in marathi titled "Peshwai-Maharashtrachya Itihasatil Ek Suvarnapan" based on Peshwai.[14]
- Pramod Oak has written a book in marathi titled "Peshwe Gharanyacha Itihas" where he gave detailed information about Peshwas of Bhat family.[15]
See also
Notes
- ^ (pronunciation: [pe(ː)ʃʋaː])
References
- ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6.
- ^ Prasad 2007, p. 88.
- ISBN 9788121505703.
Under Shivaji the Great, Sambhaji and Rajaram all the incumbents of the office of Peshwa were from the Deshastha (residing in the Desh area of Maharashtra) subcaste of the Brahmans.
- ISBN 978-81-206-0488-9.
- ^ under Jahangir, M. Learning focus. Longman History & Civics ICSE 7, 84.
- OCLC 58431679.
- ^ Kulkarni 1996, p. 47.
- ^ Joshi 1980, p. 112.
- ISBN 9788120607736.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Micropædia Vol. II, p17
- ISBN 8174210636. In Marathi.
- ^ Wg Cdr (Retd.) Dr. M. S. Narawane, Battles of the Honourable East India Company. pg 65
- ^ Jadunath Sarkar, Fall of the Mughal Empire:1789–1803. pg 179
- ^ "पेशवाई [Peshwai]".
- ^ "Peshve Gharanyacha Itihas".
Bibliography
- Kulkarni, A.R (1996). Marathas and the Marathas Country: The Marathas. Books & Books. ISBN 9788185016504.
- Joshi, Pandit Shankar (1980). Chhatrapati Sambhaji, 1657–1689 A.D. s.chand.