Hungarians in Austria
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Hungarians |
The Hungarians in Austria (
History
Hungarians of Burgenland are the descendants of frontier guards sent during the eleventh century to protect the Kingdom of Hungary.[2] Burgenland place names contain the elements 'Schützen' or 'Wart' ( as in Obserschützen, Unterwart etc.) constituting the linguistic testimony of that historic period.[3] (In the following centuries many of these early inhabitants assimilated into the German-speaking population of Western Hungary.[4]) Hungarians had maintained their privileged status until 1848.[2] Burgenland was under Hungarian rule until the 1920 Treaty of Trianon.[2] Hungarian education continued in the interwar period in a number of municipalities.[2] Economic decline in Burgenland after World War II led to emigration.[2] The negative image (see Iron Curtain) of the Hungarian language by this time led to assimilation.[2]
As a result of the recognition of the Viennese Hungarians (1992[5]) as a part of the Hungarian minority, the Hungarian minority is composed of two parts, namely the Burgenland Hungarians and the Hungarians living in the Vienna region.[6]
Viennese Hungarians
Hungarians established a community in Vienna from 1541 following the 1526
Burgenland Hungarians
The Hungarians of Burgenland were split into four groups prior to the 1921[4] annexation of Burgenland:[6]
- Seewinkel region (Neusiedl District)
- District municipalities including the future capital Eisenstadt
- Oberpullendorf and Mitterpullendorf
- The (Obere) Wart with the settlements of Oberwart and Unterwart as well as Siget in der Wart.
The first two groups were largely absorbed after World War II, especially as a result of industrialisation after 1955.[6] When German was introduced as the official language, Hungarian was only used on a rather restricted level, mostly spoken within the family.[6] In the post-war school system Hungarian was taught as a foreign language for 2–3 hours per week even in communities with a Hungarian majority.[6]
Religion
Two-thirds of Hungarians in Burgenland were
Notable people
See also
- Austria–Hungary relations
- Hungarian diaspora
- Immigration to Austria
- Austrians in Hungary
Citations and references
- ^ "A diaszpóra tudományos megközelítése". Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Program. 3 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Austria : Burgenland and Viennese Hungarians". Minority Rights Group International. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2008. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
- ^ "Hungarian in Austria". Research Centre of Multilingualism. Open University of Catalonia. 1998-05-29. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
- ^ a b Paulston, Peckham, p. 20
- ]
- ^ a b c d e "Report by the Republic of Austria pursuant to Article 25 paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - Comments by the Hungarian Minority Advisory Council". Council of Europe. 2000-11-15. Archived from the original on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
- ^ Paulston, Peckham, p. 21
- ^ C. Paulston, D. Peckham. Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe, p. 21
- ^ "Statistisches Jahrbuch Der Stadt Wien-2017" (PDF). City of Vienna. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2020-08-27.
Cited sources and other sources
- "Report by the Republic of Austria pursuant to Article 25 paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - Comments by the Hungarian Minority Advisory Council". Council of Europe. 2000-11-15. Archived from the original on 2012-02-24.
- "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Austria : Burgenland and Viennese Hungarians". Minority Rights Group International. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2008.
- "Hungarian in Austria". Research Centre of Multilingualism. Open University of Catalonia. 1998-05-29.
- Paulston, Christina Bratt; Donald Peckham (1998). Linguistic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-416-8.
External links
- Hungarian Cultural Fellowship in Burgenland (in German)
- Bécsi Napló Magazine for Hungarians in Austria (in Hungarian)