Hungarian Americans

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Hungarian Americans
Amerikai magyarok
Greek Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
Hungarian Canadians, European Americans
The language spread of Hungarian in the United States.

Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: Amerikai magyarok) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million.[3] The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.[4]

History

In 1583, Hungarian poet Stephanus Parmenius joined Humphrey Gilbert's expedition to North America with the intention of writing a chronicle of the voyage and its discoveries. Parmenius reached Newfoundland, likely becoming the first Hungarian in the New World.

Hungarians have long settled in the New World, such as

Michael de Kovats, the founder of United States Cavalry, active in the American Revolution
. Hungarians have maintained a constant state of emigration to the United States since then; however, they are best known for three principal waves of emigration.

The Hungarian Cultural Garden among the Cleveland Cultural Gardens in Cleveland's Rockefeller Park
St. Stephen Hungarian Church in Birmingham, Toledo, Ohio

Agoston Haraszthy, who settled in Wisconsin in 1840, was the first Hungarian to settle permanently in the United States[5] and the second Hungarian to write a book about the United States in his native language.[6] After he moved to California in the Gold Rush of 1849, Haraszthy founded the Buena Vista Vineyards in Sonoma (now Buena Vista Carneros) and imported more than 100,000 European vine cuttings for the use of California winemakers. He is widely remembered today as the "Father of California Viticulture" or the "Father of Modern Winemaking in California."[7]

A statue of Lajos Kossuth stands on 113th Street and Riverside Drive in Manhattan, New York City

The first large wave of emigration from Hungary to the United States occurred in 1849–1850, when the so-called "

Forty-Eighters" fled from retribution by Austrian authorities after the defeat of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Lajos Kossuth gave a seven-month speaking tour of the U.S. in 1851 and 1852 to great acclaim as a champion of liberty, thereby unleashing a brief outburst of pro-Hungarian emotions. He left embittered because his refusal to oppose slavery alienated his natural constituency, and his long-term impact was minimal.[8] By 1860, 2,710 Hungarians lived in the U.S., and at least 99 of them fought in the Civil War. Their motivations were not so much antislavery as a belief in democracy, a taste for adventure, validation of their military credentials, and solidarity with their American neighbors.[9]

St. Stephen Hungarian Roman Catholic Church in Toledo, Ohio

An increase of immigration from Hungary was also observed after World War II and The Holocaust, a significant percentage of whom were Jewish.

Intel Corporation
summarized his first twenty years of life in Hungary in his memoirs:

By the time I was twenty, I had lived through a

German military occupation, the Nazis' "Final Solution," the siege of Budapest by the Soviet Red Army, a period of chaotic democracy in the years immediately after the war, a variety of repressive Communist regimes, and a popular uprising that was put down at gunpoint... [where] many young people were killed; countless others were interned. Some two hundred thousand Hungarians escaped to the West. I was one of them.[10]

In 1956, Hungary was again under the power of a foreign state, this time the Soviet Union, and again, Hungarians rose up in revolution. Like the 1848 revolution, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 failed and led to the emigration of 200,000 "56-ers" fleeing persecution after the revolution, 40,000 of whom found their way to the United States.

There was a renewed economic migration after the end of communism in Hungary during the 1990s to 2000s.

Demographics

According to the

2000 census data − 1,398,724 of them indicating Hungarian as their first ancestry.[12]
Estimates of the number of Hungarian Americans in the United States exceed 4 million, but also include the large number of ethnic Hungarian immigrants, most of whom have emigrated from Romania, the former Czechoslovakia, or the former Yugoslavia.

The states with the largest Hungarian American populations include:[13][14]

State Population[13]
Ohio 203,417
New York 157,863
California 133,988
Pennsylvania 132,184
New Jersey 115,615
Michigan 98,036
Florida 96,885

A plurality of Hungarian Americans within the United States reside on both the East and West Sides of the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area.[4] It has often been said that Metropolitan Cleveland has the most Hungarians outside of Hungary itself.[4] Once known as "Little Hungary," the Buckeye–Shaker neighborhood on the East Side of Cleveland proper was a cultural enclave for Hungarians and Hungarian Americans in the early to mid-twentieth century before many left for nearby suburbs, such as Shaker Heights. In their place arrived African Americans and other groups in the 1960s. Remnants of Hungarian culture can still be seen in the Buckeye Road area today, namely in street names, restaurants and shops as well as occasionally hearing Hungarian on the streets as spoken by older residents who have never left the area. Other cities which include a significant Hungarian American presence include metropolitan New York City, Buffalo, New York, Chicago, Illinois, Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas and Virginia Beach, Virginia.

The highest percentage of Hungarian Americans in any American town, village or city is in

Fifth Ward of New Brunswick, New Jersey
remains the traditional heart of the Hungarian community.

Hungarian-born population

Hungarian-born population in the U.S. since 2010:[18]

Year Number
2010 78,368
2011 Decrease77,485
2012 Decrease69,154
2013 Increase74,213
2014 Decrease65,845
2015 Increase70,255
2016 Decrease62,296

By state totals

Distribution of Americans claiming Hungarian Ancestry by county in 2018

Estimated population by state according to the 2018 American Community Survey.[1]

  1.  Ohio – 183,170
  2.  New York – 143,884
  3.  Pennsylvania – 124,045
  4.  California – 118,005
  5.  Florida – 97,823
  6.  New Jersey – 94,848
  7.  Michigan – 89,785
  8.  Illinois – 49,734
  9.  Texas – 37,806
  10.  Indiana – 35,595
  11.  Connecticut – 33,115
  12.  Virginia – 30,347
  13.  Arizona – 27,223
  14.  North Carolina – 26,349
  15.  Wisconsin – 23,601
  16.  Maryland – 23,161
  17.  Washington – 22,365
  18.  Colorado – 22,279
  19.  Massachusetts – 18,807
  20.  Georgia – 18,381
  21.  Missouri – 15,516
  22.  Oregon – 14,494
  23.  Minnesota – 13,405
  24.  South Carolina – 12,762
  25.  Nevada – 11,958
  26.  Tennessee – 11,181
  27.  West Virginia – 7,903
  28.  Kentucky – 7,348
  29.  Alabama – 6,753
  30.  Utah – 5,648
  31.  Louisiana – 5,634
  32.  Kansas – 5,257
  33.  New Hampshire – 4,967
  34.  New Mexico – 4,293
  35.  Maine – 4,005
  36.  Oklahoma – 3,986
  37.  Delaware – 3,980
  38.  Iowa – 3,723
  39.  Montana – 3,483
  40.  Idaho – 3,408
  41.  Vermont – 3,276
  42.  Nebraska – 3,187
  43.  District of Columbia – 2,621
  44.  Arkansas – 2,586
  45.  Hawaii – 2,506
  46.  North Dakota – 2,416
  47.  Rhode Island – 2,097
  48.  Mississippi – 1,987
  49.  Alaska – 1,948
  50.  Wyoming – 1,875
  51.  South Dakota – 1,488

By percentage of total population

Americans with Hungarian Ancestry by state according to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey in 2019

Estimated percentage of the population by state according to the 2018 American Community Survey rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent.[1]

  1.  Ohio – 1.57%
  2.  New Jersey – 1.07%
  3.  Pennsylvania – 0.97%
  4.  Connecticut – 0.92%
  5.  Michigan – 0.90%
  6.  New York – 0.73%
  7.  Indiana – 0.54%
  8.  Vermont – 0.52%
  9.  Florida – 0.47%
  10.  West Virginia – 0.43%
  11.  Delaware – 0.42%
  12.  Nevada – 0.41%
  13.  Wisconsin – 0.41%
  14.  Colorado – 0.40%
  15.  Arizona – 0.39%
  16.  Illinois – 0.39%
  17.  Maryland – 0.39%
  18.  District of Columbia – 0.38%
  19.  New Hampshire – 0.37%
  20.  Virginia – 0.36%
  21.  Oregon – 0.36%
  22.  Montana – 0.33%
  23.  Wyoming – 0.32%
  24.  North Dakota – 0.32%
  25.  Washington – 0.31%
  26.  California – 0.30%
  27.  Maine – 0.30%
  28.  Massachusetts – 0.28%
  29.  Alaska – 0.26%
  30.  North Carolina – 0.26%
  31.  South Carolina – 0.26%
  32.  Missouri – 0.25%
  33.  Minnesota – 0.24%
  34.  New Mexico – 0.21%
  35.  Idaho – 0.20%
  36.  Rhode Island – 0.20%
  37.  Utah – 0.19%
  38.  Kansas – 0.18%
  39.  Georgia – 0.18%
  40.  Hawaii – 0.18%
  41.  South Dakota – 0.17%
  42.  Tennessee – 0.17%
  43.  Nebraska – 0.17%
  44.  Kentucky – 0.17%
  45.  Alabama – 0.14%
  46.  Texas – 0.14%
  47.  Louisiana – 0.12%
  48.  Iowa – 0.12%
  49.  Oklahoma – 0.10%
  50.  Arkansas – 0.09%
  51.  Mississippi – 0.07%

Notable people

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Hungarian Americans.

In entertainment, Szőke Szakáll, known as

silent films opposite Hollywood actors such as Rudolph Valentino and Ronald Colman. Actor Adrien Brody's mother was Hungarian. Actress Drew Barrymore's mother is Hungarian.[19]

Actor

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
.

Actress

escapologist, introducing it as an art form. He was also a major critic and investigator of Spiritualists
.

In filmmaking,

Academy Award for cinematography for 1965's Ship of Fools. Andrew Laszlo, worked first in television (Ed Sullivan's Beatles at Shea Stadium and the miniseries Shogun with Richard Chamberlain) and made over 30 films including the cult classic The Warriors
.

Director

Golden Globe Award-winning film rendition of Death of a Salesman
.

Rambo and The Terminator sequels. Ladislas Farago wrote numerous books on World War II espionage, including a screenplay for the film Tora! Tora! Tora!. Animator Gábor Csupó created the Rugrats
series, a popular children's show.

Animator

science fiction films, considered to be first to introduce the genre to film. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
founded the "George Pal Lecture on Fantasy in Film" series in his memory.

In music,

The Ramones and Kiss
respectively

In sports,

tennis player in the world. Joe Namath is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, as Larry Csonka or Lou Groza, too. Notable players were the Gogolak brothers, especially Pete Gogolak, who invented the soccer style kicking. Famous coach was Don Shula. Former Mr. Universe Mickey Hargitay hit the spotlight when he married Jayne Mansfield. Olympic gymnastics coach Béla Károlyi coached nine Olympic champions, fifteen world champions, and six U.S. champions. Al Hrabosky was a popular Major League Baseball player, nicknamed "the Mad Hungarian". Gene Mako won four Grand Slam doubles titles in the 1930s. In volleyball, Karch Kiraly is the only person to have won Olympic gold medals (or indeed medals of any color) in both indoor and beach volleyball. Joe Kovacs is two-time world champion in shot put and is currently[when?] the fourth best shot putter in history.[citation needed
]

Jewish physicist

aeronautic and astronautics research and development. László Bíró made "biro" the ballpoint pen
.

In computer science,

Intel Corporation
.

In sociology,

antipsychiatry movement, as well as a vocal critic of state control over medicine
.

In astronomy, Victor Szebehely became a leading figure in NASA's Apollo program.

In biology and chemistry,

Andor Szentivanyi
discovered "The Beta Adrenergic Theory of Asthma."

In mathematics,

hydrodynamics. Neumann's work on nuclear physics was influential in the Manhattan Project. The John von Neumann Theory Prize and the IEEE John von Neumann Medal are named in his honor. Peter Lax is a winner of the Wolf Prize in Mathematics and the Abel Prize
known for his contributions in several mathematical fields.

In art,

modernists for his modular construction and simple forms. Another Bauhaus artist László Moholy-Nagy, highly influenced by Russian constructivism, helped introduce the movement to the United States; he was a strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts. Lajos Markos was a significant portrait artist, having created portraits for iconic celebrities such as John Wayne. Photographer Sylvia Plachy published several photobooks detailing her personal history in Central Europe
.

In politics,

Eugene Jerome Hainer or Ernie Konnyu. Current U.S. Ambassador to Myanmar, Thomas Vajda
, is also of Hungarian descent.

Others include famous

Holocaust survivor Nobel Peace Prize winner Elie Wiesel known for his activism and for writing the critically acclaimed Night. Agoston Haraszthy, a famous traveler and writer, became known as the "Father of California Viticulture" and perhaps one of the most accomplished viticulturists in US history. Joseph Pulitzer, a journalist of Jewish descent famous for helping create "yellow journalism" and posthumously establishing the Pulitzer Prizes. Csaba Csere[24] was editor-in-chief of Car and Driver from 1993 to 2008. In the world of business, billionaire aircraft leasing, philanthropist Steven F. Udvar-Házy, billionaire-philanthropist-political activist George Soros, a Jewish Holocaust survivor, are notable Hungarian Americans.[20]

American Hungarian language use

American Hungarian language use has been studied by several Hungarian linguists, including Elemér Bakó, Endre Vázsonyi, Miklós Kontra (in South Bend, Indiana), Csilla Bartha (in Detroit, Michigan), and Anna Fenyvesi (in McKeesport, Pennsylvania).[25]

Fictional people

Gallery

  • Hungarian immigrants celebrating the sunflower harvest in Cleveland, 1913.
    Hungarian immigrants celebrating the sunflower harvest in Cleveland, 1913.
  • Hungarian Reformed Church Fairport Harbor, Ohio
    Hungarian Reformed Church Fairport Harbor, Ohio
  • Hungarian Reformed Church. Taken in Homestead, Pennsylvania
    Hungarian Reformed Church. Taken in Homestead, Pennsylvania
  • Saint Elisabeth of Hungary Church in Smethport, Pennsylvania
    Saint Elisabeth of Hungary Church in Smethport, Pennsylvania
  • The First Church of Christ, Unitarian of Lancaster, Massachusetts
    The First Church of Christ, Unitarian of Lancaster, Massachusetts
  • Birmingham Historic District, Roughly bounded by Genesee, York, Esther, Magyar, Consaul, and the CSX and Norfolk Southern tracks in Toledo, Ohio
    Birmingham Historic District, Roughly bounded by Genesee, York, Esther, Magyar, Consaul, and the
    Norfolk Southern tracks in Toledo, Ohio

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY 2019: ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  2. ^ "Hungarians in the USA".
  3. ^ "Magyarok az USA-ban". Hírnök Magazin - Hírportál - Címjegyzék - Média (in Hungarian). Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Hungarians". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  5. ^ Brian McGinty, Strong Wine: The Life and Legend of Agoston Haraszthy (Stanford University Press, 1998), 1.
  6. ^ Útazás Éjszakamerikáában (Travels in North America), Pest, 1846, 2d ed., Pest, 1850; McGinty, Strong Wine: The Life and Legend of Agoston Haraszthy, 101.
  7. ^ Pinney, Thomas, A History of Wine in America (University of California Press, 1989), 269; McGinty, Strong Wine: The Life and Legend of Agoston Haraszthy, 1.
  8. ^ Steven Béla Vardy, "Lajos Kossuth and the Slavery Question in America," East European Quarterly (2005) 39#4 pp 449-464.
  9. ^ Istvn Korn'l Vida, Hungarian Emigres in the American Civil War: A History and Biographical Dictionary (2011) excerpt and text search
  10. ^ Grove, Andrew S. Swimming Across: a Memoir, Hachette Book Group (2001) Prologue.
  11. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  12. US Census Bureau. 2000. Archived from the original
    on February 10, 2020.
  13. ^ a b Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  14. US Census Bureau. Hungarian Human Rights Foundation. Archived from the original
    on July 21, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
  15. ^ "Ancestry maps – Hungarian communities". ePodunk. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
  16. ^ "Fairport Harbor, Ohio". Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  17. ^ "West Pike Run township, Washington County, Pennsylvania (PA)". Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  18. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder – Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  19. The Biography Channel. Archived from the original
    on June 13, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
  20. ^ a b c d e "Hungarian Americans". Encarta. Archived from the original on November 1, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
  21. ^ "Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  22. ^ a b Dao, James (September 25, 1995). "In Hungary, Pataki Gets Treatment Of a Star". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
  23. National Archives
    .
  24. ^ "In Memory of the Original Road Warrior and a Car and Driver Institution – Column". Car and Driver. January 2008. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  25. ^ Fenyvesi, Anna. 2005. Hungarian in the United States. In: Fenyvesi, Anna, ed. Hungarian language contact outside Hungary: Studies on Hungarian as a minority language. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 265–318.
  26. ISBN 979-8-9884567-1-1
    .

Further reading

External links

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