Hypoptopomatinae
Hypoptopomatinae | |
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Otocinclus cocama
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Siluriformes |
Family: | Loricariidae |
Subfamily: | Hypoptopomatinae C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1890 |
Genera | |
Tribe Hypoptopomatini |
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae,[4] composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species.[5] This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.[6]
It has been divided into two tribes, Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini.[4] However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini.[7] More recent phylogenetic evidence shows that Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini, while each are monophyletic tribes, do not form a monophyletic subfamily, and therefore should each be recognized as their own individual subfamilies.[8] Problematically, the most recent hypoptopomatine genera, Gymnotocinclus and Rhinolekos, were not classified in either of the tribes.[3][9]
Almost all species of Hypoptopomatinae have a
Hypoptopomatinae are distributed east of the Andes in South America from Venezuela to northern Argentina.[5] Most of the hypoptopomatine species are usually found at or near the water surface, typically in close association with riverbank vegetation or some subsurface structure.[11]
References
- ^ Martins, F.O.; Andrade, B.N.; Rosa, A.C.; Langeani, F. (2014). "Chauliocheilos saxatilis, a new genus and species of Hypoptopomatinae from rio Jequitinhonha basin, with a unique labial appendix (Teleostei: Loricariidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 25 (3): 193–204.(Abstract)
- ^ Reis, R.E., Pereira, E.H.L. & Lehmann A., P. (2012): A New Genus and Species of Hypoptopomatine Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio São Francisco Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 2012 (1): 6–11.
- ^ a b de Oliveira Martins, F. & Langeani, F. (2011): Rhinolekos, a new genus with three new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from upper rio Paraná. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1): 65-78.
- ^ hdl:11449/26922.
- ^ .
- ^ Reis, Roberto E.; Schaefer, Scott A. (December 21, 1998). "New Cascudinhos from Southern Brazil: Systematics, Endemism, and Relationships (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3254): 1–25.
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- PMID 21241812.
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