iMac G3
Manufacturer | Apple Computer |
---|---|
Product family | iMac |
Type | All-in-one |
Release date | August 15, 1998 |
Lifespan | August 15, 1998 – March 2003 (4 years and 7 months) |
Discontinued | March 2003 |
Successor | iMac G4 eMac |
Related | iBook |
The iMac G3, originally released as the iMac, is a series of Macintosh personal computers that Apple Computer sold from 1998 to 2003. The iMac was Apple's first major product release under its CEO Steve Jobs, who had recently returned to the financially troubled company he co-founded after eleven years away. Jobs reorganized the company and simplified the product line. The iMac was designed as Apple's new consumer desktop product—an inexpensive, consumer-oriented computer that would easily connect to the Internet.
The iMac's
Critical response to the iMac was mixed; journalists said the machine would be good for new computer users but bemoaned the lack of legacy technology, and said the mouse and keyboard were uncomfortable. Despite the reviews the iMac was an immediate commercial success, becoming Apple's fastest-selling computer. It sold more than 5 million units in its lifetime.
The original model was revised several times, improving the processor speed, the amount of
Background
In the late 1990s, Apple Computer was experiencing severe financial difficulties. At the end of 1997, the company was selling 1.8 million Macs per year, in comparison with 4.5 million two years earlier. Apple's sales were compromised by licensed Mac systems that undercut and out-performed Apple's own products.[1] Apple was unable to quickly distribute its products and compete in the low-cost computer market, and entirely abandoned the sector.[2]
In December 1996, Apple purchased the
Around the same time, Apple's industrial design director Robert Brunner left the company and was succeeded by 29-year-old Jony Ive, who inherited the award-winning design team.[7] Ive was dispirited with Apple's leadership and also considered leaving.[8] At a meeting announcing Jobs's appointment as Apple's CEO, Jobs told staff Apple's problems stemmed from its poor products. Ive noted Jobs's focus on making industrial design a core part of Apple's comeback strategy.[9] Ive and Jobs quickly developed a rapport, and Jobs retained Apple's industrial design team under Ive's leadership.[10]
Jobs streamlined the company into profitability by cost-cutting, but the company still needed compelling products to boost sales.[11] He planned to reduce Apple's extensive and confusing computer offerings to four products: a laptop and desktop model each for professionals and consumers.[12] The planned consumer-oriented desktop computer would become the iMac.[13]
Design
Jobs initially wanted the new consumer desktop to be a
The design team tried to discern what objects conveyed the emotions they wanted the computer to evoke. While collaboratively developing sketches, designer Doug Satzger drew an ovoid drawing based on his earlier work on
When discussing the idea of a machine that inspired positive emotions, the designers mentioned colorful candy dispensers.[17] Materials tests with solid plastics looked cheap, so they made the case translucent.[18] Translucent hardware design was not new to Apple's products; the Power Macintosh 8600 and 9600 tower computers had translucent green latches, and the LaserWriter 8500, eMate 300, and Studio Display made more extensive translucent colored plastics. Former Apple senior designer Thomas Meyerhoffer described the eMate's plastics as a way of making the product accessible and distinctive.[19] To Ive, the translucency "came across as cheeky" but meant the aesthetic design of the internal components would also need to be considered. Inspiration came from translucent items the designers brought to the office; one item was a piece of greenish-blue beach glass. This "Bondi blue" object inspired the color Jobs selected for the first iMac.[20]
Apple's design team radically overhauled its processes to meet the tight deadline. In the past, they had sent two-dimensional blueprints or hand-drawn sketches to toolmakers to create molds, a laborious process that could take months. Instead, Apple relied on
Jobs began to reconsider the network computer concept as similar products struggled in the market. He was persuaded to recalibrate the project as a full-featured computer with
Jobs wanted the new computer to be a modern,
In early 1998, representatives from the advertising agency
Release
Steve Jobs unveiled the iMac on May 6, 1998. The product launch echoed that of the original Macintosh 128K in 1984. It was staged in the same location, the Flint Center for the Performing Arts at De Anza College. Jobs invited Apple founding members Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula, and Michael Scott, as well as members of the original Macintosh team. After demonstrating the look of traditional computers, Jobs revealed the iMac from under a tablecloth. The computer displayed "Hello (again)" on its screen, hearkening back to the Macintosh's whimsical "Hello" introduction.[38]
Apple began shipping the iMac on August 15, 1998.[39] The computer was supported by a $100 million advertising campaign that stressed the iMac's ease of use, internet connectivity, and striking contrast from competitors' products. Actor Jeff Goldblum narrated television advertisements that rhetorically asked if computer companies had been in "thinking jail" making only beige products.[40] Other promotions included radio giveaways, midnight launch events, and "golden tickets" hidden in select iMacs that could be redeemed for a tour of an Apple factory.[41]
Model line-up
The first release of the iMac G3 had a 233 MHz PowerPC G3 processor, ATI Rage IIc graphics, 4 GB hard drive, a tray-loading CD-ROM drive, two USB ports, networking, an infrared port, built-in stereo speakers, and headphone ports. Its casing was Bondi blue-colored and it shipped with MacOS 8.1. On October 17, the iMac was updated with faster ATI Rage Pro Turbo graphics options and MacOS 8.5.[42] A more substantial revision to the iMac lineup came in 1999. These new models came in five colors: blueberry, strawberry, tangerine, grape, and lime. They had a 266 MHz processor and a 6GB hard drive. The IrDA port and mezzanine slot were removed.[43]
On October 5, 1999, Apple released a new series of iMacs. The new iMac line focused on the emerging digital video (DV) market.
On July 19, 2000, Apple released a new iMac line-up with four configurations in five colors. The base model had no FireWire port or video-out socket, came in an indigo casing, and retailed for US$799. It had the same 350 MHz processor and 64 MB RAM as the previous iMac but with a larger hard drive. The iMac DV and DV+ models had a 400 MHz and 450 MHz processor, respectively, and larger hard drives; and the DV+ model had a DVD-ROM drive. The most-expensive model was the iMac DV Special Edition, which had a 500 MHz processor, 128 MB of RAM, a larger hard drive, and an exclusive snow color.[47]
Apple's next iMac revision was released on February 22, 2001. The new machines came with CD-RW drives and iTunes software as Apple shifted to digital music consumption.[48] The iMac and iMac Special Edition shipped with 400 to 600 MHz processors and FireWire became standard alongside a faster graphics chipset and larger hard drives. In addition to the previous indigo and graphite colors, Apple created two new patterns. The "Flower Power" and "Blue Dalmatian" designs were intended as visual representations of music.[49]
A final revision in July 2001 returned to more sedate colors—indigo, graphite, and snow. These models shipped with Mac OS X, a 500-, 600-. or 700 MHz processor, up to 256 MB of RAM, and a 60 GB hard drive on the Special Edition.[50] Following the introduction of the iMac G4 in January 2002, Apple continued selling some G3-based iMac models,[51] with 500- and 600 MHz models in indigo, snow, and graphite. The indigo and graphite models were discontinued first, and the snow model was discontinued in March 2003.[52]
Reception
The iMac G3 received mixed reviews on release. Tech reviewers were often negative about the machine.[4][53] Hiawatha Bray said the choices Jobs had made with the iMac doomed the product.[53] In comparison, Macworld's Andrew Gore said the iMac G3 might be as important as the original Macintosh in shifting the computing paradigm, and that Apple's "Think different" marketing campaign was not just empty talk.[54] Reporters including Newsweek's Barbara Kantrowitz and the San Francisco Chronicle's David Einstein considered it the first promising step in Apple's possible resurgence.[55][56][57]
The look of the iMac was generally praised.[58] Many reviewers compared its curved look to the recently-released Volkswagen New Beetle,[56][59] while journalist Rob Morse likened it to a "huggable", futuristic machine like R2-D2 or a toy from The Jetsons.[60] Less-positive reviews compared the iMac to an AMC Gremlin.[57]
Positive reviews highlighted the computer's ease of use for setup and operation;
Criticism focused on the iMac's lack of legacy ports.[4] Bray wrote that the lack of a floppy drive essentially wrote off most potential buyers in favor of "'elites' [who will] pay more for less".[67] Gore considered the loss of the floppy drive acceptable but wished that the CD-ROM module, which was identical to that of the PowerBook notebook, could be swapped. He said the lack of expansion slots limited the computer's future potential.[68] The Washington Post's John Breeden highlighted the lack of SCSI for making the iMac unsuitable for office work.[66] Other reviewers bemoaned the high cost of external replacements for the internal floppy disk drive,[69] low amount of installed memory,[58] and its tinny speakers.[66]
Another major complaint with the iMac was its original mouse and keyboard, which reviewers said were small and difficult to use comfortably,[70] calling it an example of style over substance.[62] The shape and ease of use of the mouse was derisively compared to a hockey puck, and its cable was frequently considered too short.[71] The mouse's round shape made it difficult for users to discern its correct orientation.[27] The mouse and keyboard were later replaced with the Apple Pro Mouse and Apple Pro Keyboard for the 2000-revision iMacs.[72] Other complaints included the lack of software and USB accessories, incompatibility with Microsoft Windows, and price.[73] Later iMac G3 models addressed some of the product's perceived shortcomings.[4][74] As the product line aged, reviews noted the new models offered few advancements over previous versions.[50]
The iMac won numerous design competitions and awards, including Gold at the 1999 D&AD Design Awards in the UK,[40] and "Object of the Year" by The Face.[75] iMac G3 models are held in the collections of museums including The Henry Ford, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Powerhouse Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art.[76]
Sales
The iMac G3 was an immediate hit with consumers,[73] with 278,000 units sold in the first six weeks, and 800,000 units after 20 weeks. It was the top-selling desktop computer in US stores the first three months of its release.[43] Nearly half of iMac sales were to first-time computer buyers, and nearly 20 percent were Microsoft Windows users who had switched to the Mac.[77] The quarter the iMac shipped, Macintosh computer sales grew year-on-year for the first time since late 1995, and saw the Mac grow its worldwide market share from 3 to 5 percent.[11] Apple went from losing $878 million in 1997 to making its first profit in three years in 1998.[39] The iMac continued to be a strong seller for Apple as it returned to profitability, with 3.7 million units sold by July 2000,[78] and shipping the five-millionth iMac in April 2001.[79]
Legacy
The iMac G3 became a computing icon. Paul Atkinson wrote that the original
Apple protected the distinctive iMac design with legal action against competing computer makers who attempted to imitate the iMac, such as eMachines' eOne.[83] The iMac made computers fashionable rather than utilitarian,[84] and helped popularize USB and hasten the demise of the floppy disk.[39] Following Apple's lead, other computer makers focused on "legacy-free" personal computers.[85][86]
The iMac's massive success helped buoy Apple while it released a modern operating system and refreshed the rest of the Mac lineup, and positioned the company to focus on emerging digital media trends.[4] It also established a formula of quickly polishing a new Apple product through rapid iterative updates.[87] Macworld noted the iMac saved Apple financially and proved Apple could still produce exciting, innovative products.[39] The iMac also served as the public's introduction to Jony Ive, making him one of the world's most-celebrated designers.[81][84] The product's name influenced many of Apple's later products—such as iPod, iLife, and iPhone[39]—and for a time defined Apple's consumer-focused product lines.[88] Apple's consumer laptop the iBook followed the iMac's lead in a lack of legacy technology and use of colorful, translucent plastic.[89] The iMac was so successful in the education market Apple created a G4-powered successor named the eMac.[4]
The design influence of the iMac G3 was not limited to personal computers; by the early 2000s, multicolored, translucent plastic designs had become common among consumer designs, including microwave ovens and George Foreman Grills. USA Today called the translucence trend "electronics voyeurism".[84] Apple would follow the bulbous, candy-colored iMac G3 with the flat-panel, white iMac G4 in 2002.[39] Apple's desktop lineup remained relatively monochrome in the following years; the 2021 release of Apple silicon-based iMacs were sold in seven colors and were considered to hearken back to the iMac's colorful roots.[90][91][92]
Specifications
First generation
Model | iMac (233 MHz)[93] | iMac (233 MHz)[93] | iMac (266 MHz)[94] | iMac (333 MHz)[95] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colors | ||||
Release date | August 15, 1998 | October 26, 1998 | January 5, 1999 | April 15, 1999 |
Color(s) | Bondi Blue | Blueberry Grape Tangerine Lime Strawberry | ||
Processor | 233 MHz G3 | 266 MHz G3 | 333 MHz G3 | |
Cache | 32 KB of L1 Cache and 512 KB of L2 backside cache | |||
Memory | Two SO-DIMM slots: 32 MB–256 MB SDRAM
| |||
Graphics | ATI Rage IIc with 2 MB of SGRAM[43] | ATI Rage Pro Turbo with 6 MB of SGRAM[43][96] | ||
Hard drive
|
4 GB | 6 GB | ||
Optical drive Tray-loading |
24x CD-ROM | |||
Connectivity | 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet 56k modem | |||
4 Mbit/s IrDA
|
— | |||
Peripherals | 2× USB Audio input/output jacks Built-in stereo speakers | |||
Original Operating system | Mac OS 8.1 (initial release) or Mac OS 8.5 | Mac OS 8.5.1 | ||
Weight | 40 lb (17.25 kg) | |||
Dimensions | 15.8 × 15.2 × 17.6-inch (40.1 × 38.6 × 44.7 cm) |
Second generation
Model | iMac (Slot Loading)[97] | iMac (Summer 2000)[98] | iMac (Early 2001)[99] | iMac (Summer 2001)[100] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pictures | ||||
Release date | October 5, 1999 | July 19, 2000 | February 22, 2001 | July 18, 2001 |
Colors | Blueberry Grape Tangerine Lime Strawberry Graphite | Indigo Ruby Sage Graphite Snow | Indigo Graphite Blue Dalmatian ✿ Flower Power | Indigo Graphite Snow |
Processor speed |
350 or 400 MHz G3 |
350, 400, 450, or 500 MHz G3 |
400, 500, or 600 MHz G3 |
500, 600, or 700 MHz G3 |
Cache | 512 KB of L2 Cache | 512 KB of L2 Cache or 256 KB of L2 Cache | 256 KB of L2 Cache | |
Memory | Two slots of SDRAM 64 MB–512 MB |
Two slots of PC100 SDRAM 64 MB–1 GB |
Two slots of PC100 SDRAM 64 MB–1 GB |
Two slots of PC100 SDRAM 128 MB–1 GB |
Graphics | ATI Rage 128 VR with 8 MB of SDRAM[46] | ATI Rage 128 Pro with 8 MB of SDRAM[46] | ATI Rage 128 Pro with 8 MB of SDRAM ATI Rage 128 Ultra with 16 MB of SDRAM |
ATI Rage 128 Ultra with 16 MB of SDRAM |
Hard drive
|
6 GB, 10 GB or 13 GB | 7 GB, 10 GB, 20 GB or 30 GB | 10 GB, 20 GB, or 40 GB | 20 GB, 40 GB or 60 GB |
Optical drive Slot-loading |
CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or CD-RW | |||
Connectivity | 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet 56k V.90 modem AirPort ready | |||
Peripherals | 2× FireWire (except 350 MHz models)Audio input/output jacks Built-in stereo speakers | |||
Video out (Mirroring) |
VGA
| |||
Original Operating system | Mac OS 8.6 | Mac OS 9.0.4 | Mac OS 9.1 | Mac OS 9.1 and Mac OS X 10.0.4[50]
|
Weight | 34.7 lb (15.7 kg) | |||
Dimensions | 15.0 × 15.0 × 17.1 inch (38.1 × 38.1 × 43.5 cm) |
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