Mac Pro

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with iMac Pro or MacBook Pro.

Mac Pro
2023 "Cheese Grate" Mac Pro
DeveloperApple Inc.
Type
Release date
  • August 7, 2006; 17 years ago (2006-08-07) (tower)
  • December 19, 2013; 10 years ago (2013-12-19) (cylinder)
  • December 10, 2019; 4 years ago (2019-12-10) (lattice tower/rack)
  • June 13, 2023; 10 months ago (2023-06-13) (Apple silicon)
Intel Xeon (2006–2023)
PredecessorPower Mac G5, Xserve
RelatediMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, iMac Pro
Websiteapple.com/mac-pro

Mac Pro is a series of workstations and servers for professionals made by Apple Inc. since 2006. The Mac Pro, by some performance benchmarks, is the most powerful computer that Apple offers. It is one of four desktop computers in the current Mac lineup, sitting above the Mac Mini, iMac and Mac Studio.

Introduced in August 2006, the Mac Pro was an Intel-based replacement for the

Harpertown model.[1] Revisions in 2010 and 2012 revisions had Nehalem/Westmere
architecture Intel Xeon processors.

In December 2013, Apple released a new cylindrical Mac Pro (colloquially called the "trash can Mac Pro"[2]). Apple said it offered twice the overall performance of the first generation while taking up less than one-eighth the volume.[3] It had up to a 12-core Xeon E5 processor, dual AMD FirePro D series GPUs, PCIe-based flash storage and an HDMI port, but lacked PCIe expansion slots. Thunderbolt 2 ports brought updated wired connectivity and support for six Thunderbolt Displays. Reviews initially were generally positive, with caveats. Limitations of the cylindrical design prevented Apple from upgrading the cylindrical Mac Pro with more powerful hardware.

The 2019 Mac Pro returned to a tower form factor reminiscent of the first-generation model, but with larger air cooling holes. It has up to a 28-core Xeon-W processor, eight

PCIe slots, AMD Radeon Pro Vega GPUs, and replaces most data ports with USB-C and Thunderbolt 3
.

The 2023 Mac Pro carried over the design of the 2019 model and is based on the Apple M2 Ultra chip. It is the first model with an Apple silicon chip. Its introduction completed the Mac transition from Intel to Apple processors, first announced in June 2020 and started in November that year.

Tower (2006–2012)

The first generation of the Mac Pro featured an aluminium case that was derived from that of the Power Mac G5, with the exception of an additional optical drive bay, and a new arrangement of I/O ports on both the front and the back.

Apple said that an

processor cores. Apple's previous machine aimed at this market, the Power Mac G5, has up to two dual-core processors (marketed as "Quad-Core"), but lacks the storage expansion capabilities of the newer design.[6]

Original marketing materials for the Mac Pro generally referred to the middle-of-the-line model with 2 × dual-core 2.66 GHz processors. Previously, Apple featured the base model with the words "starting at" or "from" when describing the pricing, but the online US

graphics adapters
and other expansion cards.

Apple received criticism after an incremental upgrade to the Mac Pro line following the 2012

WWDC conference. The line received more default memory and increased processor speed but still used Intel's older Westmere-EP processors instead of the newer E5 series.[9] The line also lacked then-current technologies like SATA III, USB 3, and Thunderbolt, the last of which had been added to every other Macintosh at that point. An email from Apple CEO Tim Cook promised a more significant update to the line in 2013.[10]

Apple stopped shipping the first-generation Mac Pro in Europe on March 1, 2013 after an amendment to a safety regulation left the professional Mac non-compliant. The last day to order was February 18, 2013.[11] The first-generation Mac Pro was removed from Apple's online store following the unveiling of the redesigned cylindrical Mac Pro at a media event on October 22, 2013.

System Architecture

According to an Apple developer note, the system architecture is based on a North Bridge and South Bridge design: The North Bridge has two front-side bus (FSB) connections, one for each processor. The North Bridge also drives one x16 PCI Express (PCIe) link, typically connected to a graphics card. The North Bridge connects to the South Bridge using an Enterprise Southbridge Interface (ESI) and a PCIe link. The South Bridge handles all other connections in the system, including SATA, USB, and networking.[12]

CPU

All original tower Mac Pro systems were available with one or two

6-core Intel Xeon X5670 CPUs at 2.93 GHz.[14] The 2006–2008 models use the LGA 771 socket, while the Early 2009 and later use the LGA 1366 socket, meaning either can be removed and replaced with compatible 64-bit Intel Xeon CPUs.[15] A 64-bit EFI firmware was not introduced until the MacPro3,1, earlier models can only operate as 32-bit despite having 64-bit Xeon processors, however this only applies to the EFI side of the System, as the Mac boots everything else in BIOS Compatibility mode, and operating systems can take advantage of full 64 bit support. The newer LGA 1366 sockets utilize Intel's QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) integrated into the CPU in lieu of an independent system bus
; this means the "bus" frequency is relative to the CPU chipset, and upgrading a CPU is not bottlenecked by the computer's existing architecture.

Memory

The original Mac Pro's

FB-DIMMs, one on each of the two buses, which is the default configuration from Apple. While electrically the FB-DIMMs are standard, for pre-2009 Mac Pro models Apple specifies larger-than-normal heatsinks on the memory modules. Problems have been reported by users who have used third party RAM with normal size FB-DIMM heatsinks.[19] (see notes
below). 2009 and later Mac Pro computers do not require memory modules with heatsinks.

Hard drives

An example of a Mac Pro's hard drive tray

The Mac Pro had room for four internal 3.5"

hard drives
in four internal "bays". The hard drives were mounted on individual trays (also known as "sleds") by captive screws. A set of four drive trays was supplied with each machine. Adding hard drives to the system did not require cables to be attached as the drive was connected to the system simply by being inserted into the corresponding drive slot. A case lock on the back of the system locked the disks trays into their positions. The Mac Pro also supported
PCIe
slot). Various 2.5-inch SSD drive capacities and configurations were available as options. The Mac Pro was also available with an optional hardware RAID card.[20] With the addition of a SAS controller card or SAS RAID controller card, SAS drives could be directly connected to the system's SATA ports. Two optical
Ultra ATA/100
port. The Mac Pro had one
eSATA ports with the use of an eSATA bulkhead connector.[21] However, the two extra SATA ports were unsupported and disabled under Boot Camp
.

Expansion cards

Early 2008 Early 2009,
Mid 2010+2012
Slot 4 4× PCIe Gen. 1.1 04× PCIe Gen. 2
Slot 3
Slot 2 16× PCIe Gen. 2 16× PCIe Gen. 2
Slot 1
(2 slots wide)

The 2008 model had two PCI Express (PCIe) 2.0 expansion slots and two PCI Express 1.1 slots, providing them with up to 300

thumbscrews
that can be loosened by hand without tools and will not fall out of the case.

On the original Mac Pro introduced in August 2006, the PCIe slots can be configured individually to give more

video card products; however, individuals have reported success with both CrossFire and SLI installations when running Windows XP, as SLI and CrossFire compatibility is largely a function of software
.

The bandwidth allocation of the PCIe slots can be configured via the Expansion Slot Utility included with Mac OS X only on the August 2006 Mac Pro. The Early-2008 and later Mac Pros had PCIe slots hardwired as in the accompanying table.

External connectivity

The backs of a Power Mac G5 (left) and a Mac Pro (right) show the differences in arrangement. Note the twin fans on the Power Mac and the single fan on the Mac Pro as well as the new I/O port arrangement.

For external connectivity, the Mac Pro included five

graphics memory
available. Digital (
mini jacks
for sound in and out were included, the latter becoming available on both the front and back of the case. Unlike other Mac computers, the Mac Pro did not include an infrared receiver (required to use the Apple Remote). In Mac OS X Leopard, Front Row could be accessed on the Mac Pro (and other Macs) using the Command (⌘)-Escape keystroke.

Case

Comparison of the internals of the Power Mac G5 (left) and the Mac Pro 2006 (right)

From 2006 through 2012, the exterior of the Mac Pro's aluminum case was very similar to that of the Power Mac G5, with the exception of an additional optical drive bay, a new arrangement of I/O ports on both the front and the back, and one less exhaust vent on the back.

The case could be opened by operating a single lever on the back, which unlocked one of the two sides of the machine, as well as the

expansion slots for memory, PCIe cards and drives could be accessed with the side panel removed and no tools were required for installation.[23]
The Mac Pro's
G5s
, so the size of the internal cooling devices were reduced significantly.

This allowed the interior to be re-arranged, leaving more room at the top of the

cheese grater" Mac Pro.[26]

Operating systems

The Mac Pro comes with

EFI 1.1, a successor to Apple's use of Open Firmware and the wider industry's use of BIOS.[27]

Apple's

Intel x86–based Apple computers:[28]

This is made possible by the presence of an x86 Intel architecture as provided by the CPU and the BIOS

emulation which Apple has provided on top of EFI.[28] Installing any additional operating system other than Windows is not supported directly by Apple.[28] Though Apple's Boot Camp drivers are only for Windows, it is often possible to achieve full or nearly full compatibility with another OS by using third-party drivers.[28]

Specifications

According to Apple, all of these models are obsolete.[a][29]

Model Mid 2006[30] Early 2008[31] Early 2009[32] Mid 2010[33] Mid 2012[34]
Component
Intel Xeon Woodcrest
Intel Xeon Harpertown
Intel Xeon Nehalem and Bloomfield
Intel Xeon Westmere
Timetable Released August 7, 2006[35]
April 4, 2007 		January 8, 2008[36] March 3, 2009[37]
December 4, 2009 		July 27, 2010[38] June 11, 2012
Discontinued January 8, 2008 March 3, 2009 July 27, 2010 June 11, 2012 October 22, 2013
Models Model number A1186 (EMC 2113)
(EMC 2138, 2x 4-core option starting April 4, 2007) 		A1186 A1289
Model identifier MacPro1,1
MacPro2,1 (2x 4-core option starting April 4, 2007) 		MacPro3,1 MacPro4,1 MacPro5,1
Order number MA356 MA970 MB871 MB535 MC560 MC250 MC561 MD770 MD772 (Server) MD771
ROM
EFI
mode 		EFI32 EFI64
Kernel mode
32-bit
 64-bit
Chipset Intel 5000X[39] Intel 5400 Intel X58[40] Intel 5520[40] Intel X58 for single CPU systems, Intel 5520 for dual CPU systems[40]
Processor Standard Two 2.66 GHz
Woodcrest
(5150) 		Two 2.8 GHz
Harpertown
(E5462) 		One 2.66 GHz 4-core
Intel Xeon Bloomfield
(W3520) 		Two 2.26 GHz 4-core
Gainestown
(E5520) 		One 2.8 GHz 4-core
Intel Xeon Bloomfield
(W3530) 		Two 2.4 GHz 4-core
Gulftown
(E5620) 		Two 2.66 GHz
X5650
) 		One 3.2 GHz 4-core
Intel Xeon Bloomfield
(W3565) 		Two 2.4 GHz
Intel Xeon Westmere-EP
(E5645)
Cache 4 MB L2 12 MB L2 8 MB L3 12 MB L3 8 MB L3 12 MB L3
Option Optional 2.0 GHz (5130), 2.66 GHz or 3.0 GHz (5160) 2-core or 3.0 GHz (X5365) 4-core
Clovertown
with 8 MB L2 cache 		Optional two 3.0 GHz (E5472) or 3.2 GHz (X5482) 4-core processors or one 2.8 GHz (E5462) Quad-core processor with 12 MB L2 cache Optional 2.93 GHz (W3540) or 3.33 GHz (W3580) 4-core
Gainestown
processors 		Optional 3.2 GHz 4-core
Gulftown
(X5670) processors 		Optional 3.33 GHz 6-core
Intel Xeon Westmere-EP
(X5675) processors
System bus Speed 1333 MHz 1600 MHz 4.8
GT/s
(4-core models only) or 6.4 GT/s 		4.8
GT/s
(4-core models only), 5.86 GT/s (8-core models only) or 6.4 GT/s 		4.8
GT/s
(4-core models only), 5.86 GT/s (12-core models only) or 6.4 GT/s
Process Front-side bus QuickPath Interconnect
Memory
 Standard 1 GB (two 512 MB) of 667 MHz DDR2 ECC fully buffered DIMM 2 GB (two 1 GB) of 800 MHz DDR2 ECC fully buffered DIMM 3 GB (three 1 GB) 1066 MHz
DDR3 ECC DIMM
 6 GB (six 1 GB) 1066 MHz
DDR3 ECC DIMM
 3 GB (three 1 GB) for 4- and
6-core models or 6 GB (six 1 GB) for 8- and 12-core models of 1333 MHz ECC DDR3 SDRAM
 6 GB (three 2 GB) 1333 MHz ECC DDR3 SDRAM 8 GB (four 2 GB) 1333 MHz ECC DDR3 SDRAM 12 GB (six 2 GB) 1333 MHz ECC DDR3 SDRAM
Expansion Up 16 GB (Apple), 32 GB (Actual) Up to 64 GB Up to 16 GB (although up to 48 GB using third-party 3 × 16 GB DIMMs) Up to 32 GB (128 GB using third-party eight × 16 GB DIMMs, OSX 10.9/Windows) Up to 48 GB on 4-core models, and 64 GB in 8- and 12-core models (although up to 128 GB using third-party eight × 16 GB DIMMs, OSX 10.9 / Windows) Up to 64 GB (although up to 128 GB using third-party eight × 16 GB DIMMs, OSX 10.9/Windows) Up to 64 GB (although up to 128 GB using third-party eight × 16 GB DIMMs, OSX 10.9/Windows) Up to 64 GB (although up to 128 GB using third-party eight × 16 GB DIMMs, OSX 10.9/Windows)
Graphics
Expandable to four graphics cards
DVI
ports)
DVI
ports)
DVI
port) 		ATI
DVI
port)
Secondary storage Capacity 250 GB with 8 MB cache
Optional 500 GB with 8 MB cache or 750 GB with 16 MB cache 		320 GB SATA with 8 MB cache
Optional 500, 750 GB, or 1 TB SATA with 16 MB cache or 300 GB Serial Attached SCSI, 15,000-rpm with 16 MB cache 		640 GB with 16 MB cache
Optional 1 TB or 2 TB with 32 MB cache 		1 TB SATA with 32 MB cache
Optional 1 or 2 TB SATA with 32 MB cache or 256 or 512 GB
Solid State Drives
Type 7200-rpm
Hard drive
 7200-rpm SATA Hard drive or 15k-rpm SAS Hard Drive 7200-rpm SATA Hard drive 7200-rpm SATA Hard drive or Solid State Drive
Transfer
SATA 2.0
(3 Gbit/s)
Optical drive
 16× SuperDrive with double-layer support (DVD±R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW) 18× SuperDrive with double-layer support (DVD±R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW)
Connectivity Optional
Gigabit Ethernet
Optional 56k V.92 USB modem
Optional Bluetooth
2.0+EDR 		Optional Wi-Fi 4 (802.11a/b/g and draft-n, n-enabled)
2× Gigabit Ethernet
Optional 56k
V.92
USB modem
Bluetooth 2.0+EDR 		Wi-Fi 4 (802.11a/b/g/n)
2× Gigabit Ethernet
Bluetooth 2.1+EDR
Peripherals 5×
FireWire 400
2× FireWire 800
Built-in mono speaker
1× Audio-in mini-jack
2× Audio-out mini-jack
1× Optical S/PDIF (Toslink
) input
1× Optical S/PDIF (Toslink) output 		5×
USB 2.0

4× FireWire 800
Built-in mono speaker
1× Audio-in mini-jack
2× Audio-out mini-jack
1× Optical S/PDIF (Toslink) input
1× Optical S/PDIF (Toslink) output
Expansion slots 4× PCIe 1.0 slots (3 single-wide slots, 1 double-wide slot)[42] 2× PCIe 1.1 single-wide 4x slots,

2× PCIe 2.0 16x slots (1 single-wide, 1 double-wide)

4× PCIe 2.0 slots (2 single-wide 4x slots, 1 single-wide 16x slot, 1 double-wide 16x slot)
Dimensions 20.1 in (51.1 cm) height x 8.1 in (20.6 cm) width x 18.7 in (47.5 cm) depth
Weight 42.4 lb (19.2 kg) 39.9 lb (18.1 kg) (quad-core)
41.2 lb (18.7 kg) (8-core)
Operating system Minimum Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
Latest release Mac OS X 10.7 Lion if at least 2 GB RAM installed, otherwise Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard OS X 10.11 El Capitan macOS 10.14 Mojave if upgraded with a Metal-capable GPU, otherwise macOS 10.13 High Sierra[43]

Reception

Ars Technica reviewed the 2006 Mac Pro, calling it a solid "multiplatform device" and rating it 9 out of 10.[44] CNET praised the design and value, although did not think it provided the flexibility of other systems. They gave it an 8 out of 10.[45]

Sound on Sound, an audio recording technology magazine, thought it was a "great machine" for musicians and audio engineers.[46] Architosh, an online architectural design magazine focused on mac technology, would have scored it a perfect five except for a few issues with software compatibility and the high price for FB-DIMM memory.[47]

Cylinder (2013)

A 2013 Mac Pro, with its aluminium exterior removed

Apple senior vice president of marketing Phil Schiller presented a "sneak peek" of the completely redesigned Mac Pro during the 2013 Worldwide Developers Conference keynote. The video revealed an overhauled case design, a polished reflective aluminum cylinder built around a central thermal dissipation core and vented by a single fan, which pulls air from under the case, through the core, and out the top of the case. The only finish available is black, though a single red-finished unit was produced with Product Red.[48] Apple states that the cylindrical Mac Pro achieves twice the performance of the last model.[3] The model was assembled in Austin, Texas, by Apple's supplier Flextronics on a highly automated line.[49] The announcement six months prior to release was unusual for Apple, which typically announces products when they are ready for market.[50] It was released on December 19, 2013.

The cylindrical thermal core was unable to adapt to changing hardware trends and left the Mac Pro without updates for over three years, leading Apple to make a rare admission of a product's failure in April 2017 when it detailed the issues surrounding the design and promised a totally redesigned Mac Pro. The design of the cylindrical Mac Pro has received mixed reviews, and has been compared to a trash can,[b] rice cooker, R2-D2, or Darth Vader's helmet.[52][53] On September 18, 2018, the Mac Pro surpassed the Macintosh Plus's production life record for an unchanged Mac model, with the Plus having remained on sale unchanged for 1,734 days. It was discontinued on December 10, 2019, after being on sale unchanged for a record 2,182 days.[54]

Hardware

The redesigned Mac Pro takes up less than one-eighth the volume of the immediately previous model, being shorter at 9.9 inches (25 cm), thinner at 6.6 inches (17 cm) and lighter at 11 pounds (5.0 kg). It supports one central processing unit (CPU) (up to a 12-core Xeon E5

WiFi networking interface, Bluetooth 4.0 to facilitate close-range wireless functions such as music transfer, keyboards, mice, tablets, speakers, security, cameras, and printers. The system can simultaneously support six Apple Thunderbolt Displays, or three 4K resolution computer monitors.[55]

Mac Pro setup

The cylindrical Mac Pro has a redesigned configuration of

Thunderbolt 2 ports to connect high-speed external peripherals, including enclosures for internal PCIe cards.[55]

Apple's website mentions only

RDIMM) modules (shown on each module as PC3-14900R). The higher-capacity 32 GB modules that some third-party vendors offer are also RDIMM. The UDIMM and RDIMM module types cannot be mixed. Apple publishes recommended configurations to use.[63][64]

Operating systems

Apple's Boot Camp provides BIOS backwards compatibility, allowing dual and triple boot configurations. These operating systems are installable on Intel x64-based Apple computers:

Specifications

Model Late 2013[65]
Component
Xeon E5 Ivy Bridge-EP
Timeline Announced June 10, 2013[66]
Released December 19, 2013[67]
Discontinued April 4, 2017 December 10, 2019
Obsolete Discontinued
Models Order number ME253 MD878 MQGG BTO
Model number A1481
Model identifier MacPro6,1
Performance
EFI
mode 		EFI64
Kernel mode 64-bit
Chipset Intel C602J
Processor
(LGA 2011[68]) 		3.7 GHz
Intel Ivy Bridge-EP Xeon
(E5-1620 v2) with 10 MB L3 cache 		3.5 GHz
Intel Ivy Bridge-EP Xeon
(E5-1650 v2) with 12 MB L3 cache 		3.0 GHz
Intel Ivy Bridge-EP Xeon
(E5-1680 v2) with 25 MB L3 cache 		2.7 GHz
Intel Ivy Bridge-EP Xeon
(E5-2697 v2) with 30 MB L3 cache
System bus DMI 2.0 2 × DMI 8.0 GT/s
Memory
 12 GB (three x 4 GB) of DDR3 ECC at 1866 MHz (up to 60 GB/s) 16 GB (four x 4 GB) of DDR3 ECC at 1866 MHz (up to 60 GB/s) 12 GB (three x 4 GB) or 16 GB (four x 4 GB) of DDR3 ECC at 1866 MHz (up to 60 GB/s)
Expandable to 64 GB (four x 16 GB) from Apple, expandable to 128 GB using third-party 1600 MHz modules (128 GB configuration does not run at full speed)[69]
Graphics Dual
VRAM
each 		Dual AMD FirePro D500 with 3 GB of GDDR5 VRAM each
Optional Dual AMD FirePro D700 with 6 GB of GDDR5 VRAM each
Secondary storage 256 GB flash storage
Optional 512 GB or 1 TB flash storage
SSD
Interfaces Connectivity Built-in
Gigabit Ethernet
Bluetooth
4.0
Peripherals 4× USB 3.0
6× Thunderbolt 2
HDMI 1.4
Audio Built-in mono speaker
Audio output/optical digital audio output
Headphone mini-jack
Appearance Dimensions 9.9 in (25.1 cm) height  ×  6.6 in (16.8 cm) diameter
Weight 11 lb (4.99 kg)
Operating System Installed OS X 10.9 Mavericks
Maximum macOS 12 Monterey

Reception

Reception of the new design was mixed, initially receiving positive reviews, but more negative in the long term, due to Apple's failure to upgrade the hardware specs. The performance had been widely lauded, especially handling video tasks on the dual GPU units, with some reviewers noting the ability to apply dozens of filters to realtime

Thunderbolt 2 ports.[71][72] By 2016, reviewers started to agree that the Mac Pro was now lacking in functionality and power, it having not been updated since 2013, and it was past time for Apple to update it.[73] Apple later revealed in 2017 that the thermal core design had limited the ability to upgrade the Mac Pro's GPUs and that a new design was under development, to be released sometime after 2017.[74]

Problems

On February 5, 2016, Apple identified problems with FirePro D500 and D700 GPUs manufactured between February 8, 2015 and April 11, 2015. Issues included "distorted video, no video, system instability, freezing, restarts, shut downs, or may prevent system start up."[75] Customers who owned a Mac Pro exhibiting those issues could take their affected machine to Apple or an authorized service provider to have both GPUs replaced for free. The repair program ended on May 30, 2018. Customers who owned Mac Pros with FirePro D300 GPUs also complained about problems, but those GPUs were not included in the repair program until July 2018.[76] Customers with FirePro GPUs not manufactured between those dates have complained of issues including overheating and thermal throttling.[77] It is believed Apple has not enabled a satisfactory cooling fan profile in order to properly remove heat from the system. Users have had to resort to using third-party apps to manually increase the fan speed to prevent the GPUs from overheating.[78]

Lattice tower or rack (2019)

Mac Pro (2019) with wheels
The Mac Pro (2019) on assembly line

In April 2018, Apple confirmed that a redesigned Mac Pro would be released in 2019 to replace the 2013 model.

TB using twelve 128 GB DIMMs. It can be configured with up to two AMD Radeon Pro GPUs, based on RDNA architecture, which come in a custom MPX module, which are fanless and use the chassis's cooling system. Apple's Afterburner card is a custom add-on, which adds hardware acceleration for ProRes codecs. Similar to the second generation, the cover can be removed to access the internals, which features eight PCIe 3.0 slots for expansion, making this the first Mac with six or more expansion slots since the Power Macintosh 9600 in 1997.[82] It can also be purchased with wheels and in a rack mount configuration. Feet and wheels are not stated by Apple to be user-replaceable and require sending the machine to an Apple Store or authorized service provider, though tear-downs show the feet are simply screwed on.[83][84] It was announced alongside the Pro Display XDR
, a 6K display with the same finish and lattice pattern.

The 2019 Mac Pro is capable of Lights Out Management.[85] It is also the first Macintosh computer to feature 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports equipped as standard in all configurations.

After initial reports that the Mac Pro would be assembled in China, Apple confirmed in September 2019 it would be assembled in Austin, Texas, at the same facility as the previous-generation Mac Pro, making it the sole Apple product assembled in the United States. The production was the subject of a tariff dispute with US President Donald Trump in late 2019.[86][87] Trump toured the Mac Pro assembly line in November 2019.[88]

Radeon Pro W5700X and W5500X graphics cards were added as options in April and July 2020, respectively. In August 2021, options for RDNA 2–based Radeon Pro cards (W6800X, W6800X Duo and W6900X) were added. In March 2022, Apple upgraded the base model configuration with the Radeon Pro W5500X and 512 GB SSD, replacing the Radeon Pro 580X graphics and 256 GB SSD previously offered.[89]

The 2019 Mac Pro was discontinued in June 2023 following the announcement of the M2 Ultra Mac Pro, the first with an Apple silicon chip. The 2019 Mac Pro was the last Intel-based Mac sold by Apple.[90]

Design

An opened Mac Pro and Pro Display XDR are shown by Apple CEO Tim Cook to U.S. President Donald Trump in 2019.

The 2019 Mac Pro returns to a tower form factor and features a prominent

Magic Trackpad 2
with a silver underside.

Reception

Initial reviews were generally positive. The only pre-release review models of the Mac Pro and Pro Display XDR were provided to YouTube tech vloggers Justine Ezarik, Marques Brownlee, and Jonathan Morrison, rather than reviewers from traditional news outlets.[92]

iFixit gave it a repairability score of 9/10, noting that every part of the machine is user-replaceable. The SSD can also be replaced via Apple official parts, but require an Apple Configurator restore to re-pair it with the T2 chip.[84][93]

Specifications

Model 2019[82]
Component Intel Cascade Lake-based Xeon W
Timetable Released December 10, 2019[94]
Discontinued June 5, 2023
Unsupported Still supported
Models Model numbers A1991 (Desktop),[95] A2304 (Rack Mount)[96]
Model identifier MacPro7,1
Apple order number All models are built-to-order
ROM
EFI
mode 		EFI64
Kernel mode 64-bit
Chipset Intel C621
Processor 3.5 GHz
Cascade Lake
") with 24.5 MB cache 		3.3 GHz
Cascade Lake
") with 31.2 MB cache 		3.2 GHz
Cascade Lake
") with 38 MB cache 		2.7 GHz
Cascade Lake
") with 57 MB cache 		2.5 GHz
Cascade Lake
") with 66.5 MB cache
Memory
 Standard 32 GB (four 8 GB)
Expandable to 768 GB (six 128 GB DIMMs or twelve 64 GB DIMMs) by Apple 		32 GB (four 8 GB)
Expandable to 1.5 TB (twelve 128 GB DIMMs) by Apple
Type DDR4 ECC at 2933 MHz included, but runs at 2666 MHz DDR4 ECC at 2933 MHz
Graphics AMD Radeon Pro W5500X with 8 GB of GDDR6 memory (Available July 2020, standard since March 2022)
Radeon Pro 580X with 8 GB of GDDR5 memory (discontinued March 2022)
Single or dual Radeon Pro W5700X with 16/32 GB of GDDR6 memory (Available April 2020)
Single or dual Radeon Pro Vega II with 32/64 GB of HBM2 memory
Single or dual Radeon Pro Vega II Duo with 64/128 GB of HBM2 memory
Radeon Pro W6600X with 8 GB of GDDR6 memory (available March 2022)
Single or dual Radeon Pro W6800X with 32/64 GB of GDDR6 memory (available August 2021)
Single or dual Radeon Pro W6800X Duo with 64/128 GB of GDDR6 memory (available August 2021)
Single or dual Radeon Pro W6900X with 32/64 GB of GDDR6 memory (available August 2021)
Secondary storage Standard 512 GB flash storage
256 GB flash storage (available before March 2022)
Optional 1 TB, 2 TB, 4 TB, or 8 TB flash storage
Type
SSD
, up to two modules, without hot-swapping feature
Security Chip Apple T2
Connectivity Wi-Fi Built-in
Wi-Fi 5 (802.11a/b/g/n/ac
), up to 1.3 Gbit/s
Ethernet 2× 10 Gigabit Ethernet with Lights Out Management
Bluetooth Bluetooth 5.0
Peripherals Thunderbolt 3 (USB-C 3.1 Gen 2) supporting DisplayPort
2× top of case, 2× rear I/O card (all models)
Additional 4× rear (single W5700X, Vega II/Vega II Duo) or 8× rear (dual W5700X, Vega II/Vega II Duo)
3×
USB-A 3.0 (2× rear I/O card, 1× inside case)[97]
HDMI 2.0
2× (580X, W5500X, dual W5700X, Vega II/Vega II Duo)
1× (single W5700X, Vega II/Vega II Duo)
2×
SATA
ports inside case
Expansion slots 8× PCIe 3.0 slots (3 double-wide x16 slots, 1 double-wide x8 slot, 1 single-wide x16 slot, 2 x8 single-wide slots, 1 half-length x4 slot preloaded with I/O card on all models)[98]
Display support Six 4K displays, two 5K displays, or two Pro Display XDRs (580X)
Four 4K displays, one 5K displays, or one Pro Display XDRs (W5500X)
Six 4K displays, three 5K displays, or three Pro Display XDRs (W5700X)
Six 4K displays, three 5K displays, or two Pro Display XDRs (Vega II)
Eight 4K displays, four 5K displays, or four Pro Display XDRs (single Vega II Duo)
Twelve 4K displays or six Pro Display XDRs (dual Vega II Duo)
Audio 3.5 mm headphone jack, Built-in mono speaker
Dimensions 20.8 in (52.9 cm) height x 8.6 in (21.8 cm) width x 17.7 in (45 cm) depth
8.67 in (22.0 cm) or 5U height x 19.0 in (48.2 cm) width x 21.2 in (54 cm) depth. (rack mount)
Weight 39.7 lb (18 kg)
Operating System Initial macOS 10.15 Catalina
Maximum macOS 14 Sonoma

Apple silicon (2023)

On June 5, 2023, Apple announced a Mac Pro based on the Apple M2 Ultra chip, the first model with an Apple silicon chip. Externally, the M2 Ultra Mac Pro uses the same chassis as the 2019 Intel model. Internally, it features a redesigned Apple silicon logic board that includes six internal PCIe 4.0 slots for expansion. It does not support GPUs over PCIe.[99][100] The internal SSD is upgradeable, but the GPU and memory are not.[101][102] According to Bloomberg's Mark Gurman, Apple developed a chip for the Mac Pro combining two M2 Ultra chips into one package but cancelled it because of cost and manufacturing concerns.[103]

Reception

The Verge's review of the Mac Pro praised its performance, saying it "vastly outperforms Intel models from 2019," but criticized the inability to upgrade memory and the lack of support for graphics cards. It also criticized the Mac Pro's $3,000 price premium over a similarly configured Mac Studio with the same performance, with the Mac Pro's only advantage being the addition of PCIe slots.[104]

YouTuber Marques Brownlee headlined, "Why Does the M2 Mac Pro Exist?", and found the Mac Pro and Mac Studio performed almost identically in testing despite the Mac Pro's much larger cooling system.[105]

Specifications

Model 2023
Timeline Announced June 5, 2023
Released June 13, 2023
Discontinued In production
Unsupported Supported
Model details Model numbers A2786 (Desktop), A2787 (Rack Mount)
Model identifier Mac14,8
Apple order number All models are built to order
Performance System on a chip
Apple M2 Ultra
CPU cores 16 × 3.504 GHz performance cores (Avalanche) and 8 × 2.424 GHz efficiency cores (Blizzard); 24-core overall
Cache Performance Cores: 192 KB L1i, 128 KB L1d, 64 MB shared L2
Efficiency Cores: 128 KB L1i, 64 KB L1d, 8 MB shared L2
System Level Cache: 96 MB
GPU cores 60-core (960 EUs, 7680 ALUs) or 76-core (1216 EUs, 9728 ALUs)
Optional 76-core GPU at time of purchase, not upgradable after
Neural Engine 32-core (31.6 trillion operations per second)
Memory type 1024-bit octa-channel LPDDR5-6400 unified memory (819.2 GB/s)
Memory capacity 64 GB
Optional 128 GB and 192 GB at time of purchase, not upgradable after
Storage SSD type PCIe-based SSD with up to 7.4 GB/s read speed
SSD capacity 1 TB
Optional 2 TB, 4 TB or 8 TB configurations and upgrade kits available
Audio Speaker Built-in speaker
3.5 mm headphone jack Included with advanced support for high-impedance headphones
Connectivity Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 6E (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ax)
Bluetooth Bluetooth 5.3
Ethernet 2× 10 Gb Ethernet with Lights Out Management
Peripherals 8×
Thunderbolt 4 (USB-C 4) ports supporting up to 15W charging and DisplayPort
protocols among others

(6× rear I/O card, 2× top of case)

3×
USB-A 3.0
(2× rear I/O card, 1× inside case)
2× HDMI 2.1
2×
SATA
ports inside case
Expansion slots 6× full-length PCIe 4.0 slots (2 x16 slots, 4 x8 slots), no GPU support

1× half-length x4 slot preloaded with I/O card

Display support Eight displays up to 3840 × 2160 at 60 Hz at 10-bit color depth

Six displays up to 6016 × 3384 at 60 Hz at 10-bit color depth

Three displays up to 7680 × 4320 at 60 Hz at 10-bit color depth

Power 1280 W (max continuous)
Dimensions 20.8 in (52.8 cm) height × 8.6 in (21.8 cm) width × 17.7 in (45.0 cm) depth
8.67 in (22.0 cm) or 5U height × 19.0 in (48.3 cm) width × 21.2 in (53.8 cm) depth. (rack mount)
Weight 37.2 lb (16.9 kg)
Operating system Initial release macOS 13.4 Ventura
Latest release macOS 14 Sonoma

Supported operating systems

Supported macOS releases
OS release Mid 2006 Early 2008 Early 2009 Mid 2010 Mid 2012 Late 2013 2019 2023
10.4 Tiger 10.4.7 — — — — — — —
10.5 Leopard Yes 10.5.1 10.5.6 — — — — —
10.6 Snow Leopard Yes Yes Yes 10.6.4 Partial[c] — — —
10.7 Lion
 2 GB RAM or more. Yes Yes Yes 10.7.4 — — —
10.8 Mountain Lion patch Yes Yes Yes Yes — — —
10.9 Mavericks With supported graphics chip or ATI X1900 XT, and patch Yes Yes Yes Yes 10.9.1 — —
10.10 Yosemite With supported graphics chip and patch Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — —
10.11 El Capitan With supported graphics chip and patch Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes — —
10.12 Sierra No patch patch Yes Yes Yes — —
10.13 High Sierra No patch patch Yes Yes Yes — —
10.14 Mojave No patch 5,1 firmware and a Metal-capable GPU/patch With Metal-capable GPU Yes — —
10.15 Catalina No patch Yes 10.15.1 —
11 Big Sur No patch Yes Yes —
12 Monterey No patch Yes Yes —
13 Ventura No patch Yes 13.4
14 Sonoma No patch Yes Yes
Supported Windows versions
OS release 2006–2008 2009–2012 Late 2013 2019 2023[Note 1]
Windows XP
32-bit[Note 2][106][107] 		Yes No No No No
Windows Vista
32-bit[Note 3][106][107] 		Yes No No No No
Windows Vista
64-bit[Note 3][106] 		Yes No No No No
Windows 7
32-bit[Note 4][106][108] 		Yes Yes Yes No No
Windows 7
64-bit[Note 5][106][109] 		Yes Yes Yes No No
Windows 8
[Note 6][Note 7][106] 		No Partial, patch Yes No No
Windows 8.1
[Note 8][Note 7][110][109] 		No Partial, patch Yes No No
Windows 10
[Note 9][Note 7][111][109] 		No patch Yes Yes No
Windows 11
[Note 10][Note 7][111][109] 		No Bootcamp patch + TPM patch TPM patch TPM patch No
  1. ^ The 2023 Mac Pro uses an Apple silicon chip instead of an Intel processor, and cannot boot into Windows, though it can run it through virtualization.
  2. ^ Windows XP can only be installed on Macs with Boot Camp 3 or earlier. This includes Mac OS X 10.6 or earlier and copies of Mac OS X 10.7 that have not been updated to Boot Camp 4.
  3. ^ a b Windows Vista can only be installed on Macs with Boot Camp 3 or earlier. This includes Mac OS X 10.6 or earlier and copies of Mac OS X 10.7 that have not been updated to Boot Camp 4.
  4. ^ The 32-bit version of Windows 7 can only be installed on Macs with Boot Camp 3.1 to 6.0. This includes OS X 10.11 and earlier.
  5. ^ The 64-bit version of Windows 7 can only be installed on Macs with Boot Camp 3.1 or later, running macOS High Sierra or earlier. Later versions of macOS no longer support Windows 7.
  6. ^ Windows 8 can only be installed on Macs with Boot Camp 5.0 to 6.0. This includes OS X 10.11 and earlier.
  7. ^ a b c d Only 64-bit versions of Windows are supported for Windows 8 and later.
  8. ^ Windows 8.1 can only be installed on Macs with Boot Camp 5.1 or later, running macOS High Sierra or earlier. Later versions of macOS no longer support Windows 8.1.
  9. ^ Windows 10 can only be installed on Macs with Boot Camp 6.0 or later. It is the only supported version of Windows on macOS Mojave and later.
  10. ^ Windows 11 can be installed on Macs with Rufus to bypass the TPM 2.0 requirements.

Mac Pro Server

On November 5, 2010, Apple introduced the Mac Pro Server, which officially replaced the

OS X Server software package can be purchased from the Mac App Store.[113] The redesigned Mac Pro released on December 10, 2019 has a rack-mount version, available in the same configurations as the standard Mac Pro for a $500 premium.[114] The rack-mounted Mac Pro comes with mounting rails to mount it in a server rack, and fits in a 5 Rack Unit (or "U") space.[115] The Apple silicon Mac Pro also comes in a rack version.[116]

See also
Timeline of Power Macintosh, Pro, and Studio models
Mac ProMac StudioMac ProMac StudioMac ProMac ProMac ProPower Mac G5Power Mac G5Power Mac G4Power Mac G5Power Mac G4Power Mac G4 CubePower Mac G4Power Macintosh G3#Blue and WhitePower Macintosh 9600Power Macintosh G3Power Macintosh 8600Power Macintosh 9500Power Macintosh 8500Power Macintosh 8100Power Macintosh G3Power Macintosh 7600Power Macintosh 7300Power Macintosh 4400Power Macintosh 7500Power Macintosh 7200Power Macintosh 7100Power Macintosh 6500Power Macintosh 6400Power Macintosh 6200Power Macintosh 6100Power Macintosh G3Twentieth Anniversary MacintoshPower Macintosh 5500Power Macintosh 5400Power Macintosh 5260Power Macintosh 5200 LC
See also: List of Mac models

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Apple products that were discontinued 7 years ago and no longer receive hardware support nor spare parts
  2. ^ The "trash can" nicknamed was later adopted by some Apple employees, who called the computer "the failed trash can"[51]
  3. ^ The 2012 model did not originally ship with 10.6, but does support booting with it by way of being an upgraded 2010 model.

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mac Pro.
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