Inisheer

Coordinates: 53°03′29″N 9°31′39″W / 53.05806°N 9.52750°W / 53.05806; -9.52750
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Inisheer
Native name:
Inis Oírr
Inisheer is located in island of Ireland
Inisheer
Inisheer
Geography
LocationAtlantic Ocean
Coordinates53°03′29″N 9°31′39″W / 53.05806°N 9.52750°W / 53.05806; -9.52750
Area1,448 acres (586 ha)[1]
Highest elevation62 m (203 ft)[1]
Administration
Ireland
ProvinceConnacht
CountyGalway
Demographics
Population343 (2022)[2]
Pop. density48/km2 (124/sq mi)
Inisheer landscape

Inisheer (Irish: Inis Oírr [ˈɪnʲɪʃ iːɾˠ], Inis Thiar [ˈɪnʲɪʃ hiəɾˠ] or Inis Oirthir [ˈɪnʲɪʃ ˈɛɾʲhəɾʲ]) is the smallest and most easterly of the three Aran Islands in Galway Bay, Ireland. With 343 residents as of the 2022 census,[2] it is second-most populous of the Arans. Caomhán of Inis Oírr is the island's patron saint. There are five small settlements: Baile Thiar, Chapeltown (Baile an tSéipéil), Castle Village (Baile an Chaisleáin), Baile an Fhormna and Baile an Lorgain. The island is in a civil parish of the same name.[3]

Name

The island was originally called Árainn Airthir, and later Inis Oirthir, which are thought to mean "eastern Aran" and "eastern island" respectively.[3] The second element is also found in the names Inishsirrer and Orior. According to Séamas Ó Murchú, the current official name, Inis Oírr, was brought into use by the Ordnance Survey Ireland. He says it may be a compromise between Inis Oirthir and the traditional local name Inis Thiar.[4]

Geology and geography

The island is geologically an extension of The Burren. The terrain of the island is composed of limestone pavements with crisscrossing cracks known as "grikes", leaving isolated rocks called "clints".

The limestones date from the

ammonites
.

Glaciation following the

Karstification (solutional erosion) has been eliminated by the last glacial period, so any Karstification now seen dates from approximately 10,000 years ago and the island Karst is thus recent.[citation needed
]

Solutional processes have widened and deepened the limestone pavement. Pre-existing lines of weakness in the rock (vertical joints) contribute to the formation of extensive fissures separated by clints (flat pavement-like slabs). The rock karstification facilitates the formation of subterranean drainage.

Climate and agriculture

The island has a temperate climate. Average air temperatures range from 15 °C (59 °F) in July to 6 °C (43 °F) in January. The soil temperature does not usually drop below 6 °C (43 °F). Since grass will grow once the temperature rises above 6 °C (43 °F), this means that the island (like the neighbouring Burren) has one of the longest growing seasons in Ireland, and supports diverse and rich plant growth.

Late May is the sunniest time,[5] and also likely the best time to view flowers, with the gentians and avens peaking (but orchid species blooming later).[original research?]

Flora and fauna

The island supports

Mediterranean and alpine plants side-by-side, due to the unusual environment. Like the Burren, the Aran islands are known for their remarkable assemblage of plants and animals.[6]
The grikes (crevices) provide moist shelter, thus supporting a wide range of plants including dwarf shrubs. Where the surface of the pavement is shattered into gravel, many of the hardier Arctic or alpine plants can be found. But when the limestone pavement is covered by a thin layer of soil, patches of grass are seen, interspersed with plants like the gentian and orchids.

Notable insects present include the butterfly the

transparent burnet (Zygaena purpuralis); and the hoverfly Doros profuges
.

History

Saint Caomhán
's Church (Teampall Chaomháin) in Inisheer cemetery

In 1885 a burial site called Cnoc Raithní was discovered which dates back to 1500 BC. This is the earliest evidence of human settlement of the island.[7]

Anglo-Irish settled in Connacht in the 1230s.[citation needed
]

O'Flahertys of Connemara captured it. Today O'Flahertys still live on the island. In 1652 it was given to the Cromwellian invasion force and the O'Flahertys were defeated. They saw no use for it and the castle was partially dismantled, it has been unoccupied since.[8][9]

The MV Plassy shipwreck

The cargo vessel

Atlantic waves. The wreck features in the opening credits of the TV show Father Ted.[10] On the night of the wrecking, a young boy on the island spotted the grounded ship and ran to the village, where the alarm was raised.[11] Approximately sixty islanders, including the Inisheer Rocket Crew,[12] rescued the entire crew from the stricken vessel using a breeches buoy;[11] an event captured in a pictorial display at the National Maritime Museum in Dún Laoghaire
.

Inisheer Lighthouse located at the southern tip of the island, it was completed in 1857.

Antiquities

The following sites on the island are designated as

National Monuments
:

Demographics

The table below reports data on Inis Oírr's population taken from Discover the Islands of Ireland (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and the Census of Ireland. Census data in Ireland before 1841 are not considered complete and/or reliable.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1841456—    
1851518+13.6%
1861532+2.7%
1871495−7.0%
1881497+0.4%
1891455−8.5%
1901483+6.2%
1911480−0.6%
1926409−14.8%
YearPop.±%
1936445+8.8%
1946447+0.4%
1951388−13.2%
1956376−3.1%
1961358−4.8%
1966345−3.6%
1971313−9.3%
1979257−17.9%
1981239−7.0%
YearPop.±%
1986255+6.7%
1991270+5.9%
1996274+1.5%
2002262−4.4%
2006247−5.7%
2011249+0.8%
2016281+12.9%
2022343+22.1%
Source: Central Statistics Office. "CNA17: Population by Off Shore Island, Sex and Year". CSO.ie. Retrieved 12 October 2016.

Transport

The island is reached by ferry from Rossaveal in Connemara and Doolin in County Clare as well as from the other Aran Islands. There is also a regional airport on each island which is served from Connemara Regional Airport by AerArann. A pier was opened in Doolin in June 2015 for commercial ferries serving the island.[13] Islanders travel by foot or car around the island. Tourists can avail of tours/taxi trips by horse and trap.[citation needed]

Language

Irish is still today the daily language of the approximately 260 permanent residents.[citation needed] In addition, many school pupils from the mainland come to the island to learn Irish in an environment where it is a living language in the local college, Coláiste Laichtín during the months of June, July and August.

Sport

Some of the limestone sea cliffs have attracted interest from rock-climbers,[14] though the bigger islands of Inis Mór and Inis Meáin are more popular. Diving is possible.[15]

In the media

The island, including shots of the wrecked

sitcom Father Ted.[16]

Inisheer is also the name of a well-known slow air written by Thomas Walsh from Dublin, after a visit to the island in the 1970s.[17][18][19]

Inis Oírr was discussed at length in the work of

cultural anthropologist John Cowan Messenger under the name Inis Beag.[20][21]

  • Limestone pavement
    Limestone pavement
  • The lighthouse
    The lighthouse
  • Eastern coastline
    Eastern coastline
  • Saint Caomhan's church, viewed from the priest's residence in the west
    Saint Caomhan's church, viewed from the priest's residence in the west
  • Saint Caomhan's church with Caomhan's grave (Leaba Caomhan) in the background.
    Saint Caomhan's church with Caomhan's grave (Leaba Caomhan) in the background.
  • Saint Gobnait's church
    Saint Gobnait's church
  • Saint Fiachra's holy well near Cill Gobnait.
    Saint Fiachra's holy well near Cill Gobnait.
  • O'Brien fort near the summit of Inisheer. Northern and western elevations
    O'Brien fort near the summit of Inisheer. Northern and western elevations
  • View walking from pier towards beach / O'Brien's Castle
    View walking from pier towards beach / O'Brien's Castle
  • Áras Éanna, arts and cultural center
    Áras Éanna, arts and cultural center
  • Tobar Éinne (Tobar Éanna), Saint Enda's holy well on Inis Oirr
    Tobar Éinne (Tobar Éanna), Saint Enda's holy well on Inis Oirr
  • O'Brien's Castle, built in the 14th century
    O'Brien's Castle, built in the 14th century
  • The pier in 1991
    The pier in 1991

References

  1. ^ a b "OSI Maps, 6" Cassini Maps". osi.ie. Ordnance Survey Ireland. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  2. ^ a b Population of Inhabited Islands Off the Coast (Report). Central Statistics Office. 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Inis Oírr/Inisheer". Placenames Database of Ireland. (see scanned records)
  4. ^ Ó Murchú, Séamas. "An tainm áite Inis Oírr" in Éigse 26 (1992), pp. 119–123.
  5. ^ Éireann, Met. "Met Éireann - The Irish Weather Service". www.met.ie.
  6. JSTOR 20494847
    .
  7. ^ "Inis Oírr (Inisheer) Island".
  8. ^ "O'Brien's Castle". 2 May 2017.
  9. ^ "OBriens Castle Inis Oirr Aran Islands Ireland". Archived from the original on 30 March 2009.
  10. ^ a b "Double Take: The shipwreck on Inis Oirr that stars in Father Ted". thejournal.ie. Journal Media Ltd. 25 July 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b "Irish ship wrecked off Galway Coast". The Irish Times. 9 March 1960. p. 1.
  12. ^ "Scotch on the rocks - Independent.ie".
  13. ^ "New Doolin Pier. Official blessing and opening ceremony. - Visit Doolin". 21 June 2015.
  14. ^ "Aran Islands - Irish Climbing Online Wiki". wiki.climbing.ie.
  15. ^ "Scuba diving ireland". Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  16. ^ "The story behind Inis Oirr's Plassey Shipwreck". advertiser.ie. Galway Advertiser. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  17. ^ Thoman Walsh Archived 28 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine, irishtunecomposers.weebly.com, retrieved 14 Aug. 2017
  18. ^ The tune Inisheer, thesession.org, retrieved 14. Aug. 2017
  19. ^ Inisheer, oh Inisheer; The Story of an Irish Air, www.folkworld.de, retrieved 14. Aug. 2017
  20. ISBN 9781483146256
    . Inis Beag – a fictional name for Inisheer
  21. ^ Ó Giolláin, Diarmuid (2000). Locating Irish Folklore: Tradition, Modernity, Identity. Cork University Press. pp. 183. inis beag inisheer -wikipedia.
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