Foursquare Church

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International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
)
"Foursquare Gospel" redirects here. Not to be confused with Fourfold Gospel.

International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Calvary Chapel
Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch)
Congregations67,500
Members8.8 million
Other name(s)The Foursquare Church
Official websitefoursquare.org
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The Foursquare Church is an international

Pentecostal Christian denomination founded in 1923 by preacher Aimee Semple McPherson. Its headquarters are in Los Angeles, California, United States
.

History

Los Angeles, California
.
Hicks Center, Life Pacific University in San Dimas, California, United States.

The church has its origins in a vision of "Foursquare Gospel" (or "

interdenominational.[7] The attendance has become a megachurch with 10,000 people.[8] McPherson was a flamboyant celebrity in her day, participating in publicity events, such as weekly Sunday parades through the streets of Los Angeles, along with the mayor and movie stars, directly to Angelus Temple. She built the temple, as well as what is now known as Life Pacific University
adjacent to it, on the northwest corner of land that she owned in the middle of the city.

McPherson's celebrity status continued after her death, with

month-long disappearance in May–June 1926 and the legal controversy that followed.[9][10][11]

After Aimee Semple McPherson's death in 1944, her son Rolf K. McPherson became president and leader of the church, a position he held for 44 years.

African-American organizations, most significantly the Church of God in Christ
.

In 1968, the Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa congregation of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (under pastor Chuck Smith) broke from the denomination and later formed an association of autonomous Charismatic Evangelical churches, today making up the Charismatic but non-Pentecostal denomination, Calvary Chapel.[14][15][16]

On May 31, 1988, John R. Holland became the Church's third president and held the position until July 1997.[13]

Harold Helms served as interim president from July 1997 to July 1998 and was followed by Paul C. Risser, who became the president on April 16, 1998, at the church's 75th annual convention.[17]

In October 2003, under Risser's tenure, the church sold the Los Angeles radio station KFSG-FM to the Spanish Broadcasting System for $250 million.[18] Risser's leadership led to another high-profile controversy for the church, when, without the involvement of the denomination's board of directors and finance council, church funds were invested in firms that targeted the "close-knit evangelical community" but turned out to be Ponzi schemes.[19] Risser resigned his leadership position under fire in March 2004.

Jack W. Hayford, the founder of The Church On The Way in Van Nuys, California served as the president of the Foursquare Church from 2004 to 2009. Hayford, along with Pastors Roy Hicks Jr. in Eugene, Oregon, Jerry Cook in Gresham, Oregon, Ronald D. Mehl of the Beaverton Foursquare Church in Beaverton, Oregon, and John Holland in Vancouver, British Columbia, have been credited by the church with setting a plan for the denomination's continued survival despite its staggering financial losses estimated at $15 million under the failed leadership of Paul Risser.[20]

In 2020, Randy Remington became the President of The Foursquare Church.[21]

Statistics

According to a census published by the association in 2022, it had 67,500 churches, with 8.8 million members in 150 countries.[22]

Beliefs

The beliefs of the Foursquare Church are expressed in its Declaration of Faith, compiled by its founder, Aimee Semple McPherson.[23] McPherson also authored a shorter, more concise creedal statement.[24]

The church believes in the

backslide or commit apostasy.[29]

The Foursquare Church, a

spiritual gifts continue in operation for the edification of the church.[33]

The Foursquare Church believes that

Holy Communion, as ordinances.[36] Open communion is practiced.[37] Anointing of the sick and tithing are practiced as well.[38]

Structure

The denomination's church government has an "episcopal character" that dates back to its founder. McPherson had veto power over church decisions, appointed all officers, and hired all employees.[39]

The Foursquare Convention is the chief decision making body of the Foursquare Church. Meeting regularly every year, the convention's voting membership includes international officers and licensed ministers. Each Foursquare church located in the United States has the right to send one voting delegate per every 50 church members.[40] National Foursquare Churches outside of the United States may send one official delegate to the convention.[41]

A board of 12 to 24 directors manages the Foursquare Church. In addition to overseeing the Church's activities, the board of directors appoints officers and is responsible for licensing and ordaining ministers. Members of the board include the president, vice presidents, and at least nine ministers representing geographic regions. Church members in good standing may also be appointed to the board.[42]

Local Foursquare churches are subordinate parts of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and are operated according to the bylaws of the international church. There are two categories of Foursquare churches.

church plants that have not been upgraded to charter member status. Covenant member churches might also be previously non-member churches that join the Foursquare Church but choose not to transfer their real property to the international church.[44] Non-member churches may choose to affiliate with the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel without becoming a full member of the international church. These "community member churches" retain their separate legal identities and autonomy.[45]

North America

Three colleges are affiliated with the Foursquare Church: Life Pacific University, formerly "L. I. F. E. Bible College," in San Dimas, California, Life Pacific College Virginia in Christiansburg, Virginia, and Pacific Life Bible College in Surrey, British Columbia.

In 2006, membership in the United States was 353,995 in 1,875 churches.[46] In 2023, the number of churches in the U.S. was reported at 2,021.[47] While congregations are concentrated along the West Coast, the denomination is well distributed across the United States.[48] The states with the highest membership rates are Oregon, Hawaii, Montana, Washington, and California.[48]

South America

Ecuador

The Foursquare Church arrived in Ecuador in 1956 with the arrival of a couple by the name of Gadberry. Acting as missionaries under the auspices of the Los Angeles congregation, they began by founding churches in Guayaquil. They remained in Ecuador until 1960, but returned a year later to found the first Foursquare church in Quito. As of 2012, there were 200 Foursquare churches in Ecuador, with 32 in Guayaquil alone.[49]

Controversies

In 2004, the denomination's president and treasurer resigned after losing US$14 million of the denomination for approving two financial investment projects that were in fact a scam.[50]

In 2013, under Glenn Burris Jr.'s leadership, the church lost $2 million in a failed investment of a Broadway play based on the life of Aimee Semple McPherson.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ Matthew Avery Sutton, Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America, Harvard University Press, USA, 2007, p. 44
  2. JSTOR 41940541
    .
  3. ^ "International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (ICFG) | Description, History, Beliefs, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  4. ^ Fish, A; Jackson, C; Morales, F; Thigpenn, J (2017). SQUAD. Foursquare Missions Press.
  5. ^ Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 295
  6. ^ Edith Waldvogel Blumhofer, Aimee Semple McPherson: everybody's sister, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, USA, 1993, p. 246–247
  7. ^ Edith Waldvogel Blumhofer, Aimee Semple McPherson: everybody's sister, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, USA, 1993, p. 250
  8. ^ Thomas, Lately Storming Heaven: The Lives and Turmoils of Minnie Kennedy and Aimee Semple McPherson, Ballantine Books, USA, 1970) page 32
  9. ^ Epstein, Daniel Mark, Sister Aimee: The Life of Aimee Semple McPherson (Orlando: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1993) pp. 296, chapter "Kidnapped"
  10. ^ Matthew Avery Sutton, Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007)p90, chapters "Kidnapping the Bride of Christ and p119, "Unraveling the Mystery"
  11. ^ Cox, Raymond L. The Verdict is In, ( R.L. Cox and Heritage Committee, California, 1983) entire book focuses on the reported kidnapping
  12. ^ J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, page 1461
  13. ^ a b "Our History". Victoria Foursquare Church website. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2008.
  14. ^ Ron Rhodes, The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences, Harvest House Publishers, USA, 2015, p. 340
  15. ^ Douglas A. Sweeney, The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement, Baker Academic, USA, 2005, page 1
  16. ^ "Calvary Chapel History". calvarychapel.com. CalvaryChapel. 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020. In 1965, Pastor Chuck Smith began his ministry at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa with just twenty-five people.
  17. ^ "September 13–15, 2002 Retreat Details". foursquarenwmensretreat.org. Archived from the original on December 15, 2004. Retrieved August 5, 2008.
  18. ^ Lattin, Don (June 5, 2004). "Popular evangelist elected to head Foursquare Church". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 5, 2008.
  19. ^ Lattin, Don (June 3, 2004). "Foursquare sinner forgiven: Former president's investing may have cost church $15 million". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 5, 2008.
  20. ^ "History: 1944-Present". Church's official website. Archived from the original on July 31, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
  21. ^ The Foursquare Church, FoursquareLeader, foursquare.org, USA, retrieved May 30, 2020
  22. ^ The Foursquare Church, History, foursquare.org, USA, retrieved November 5, 2022.
  23. ^ Declaration of Faith of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel. Accessed January 11, 2013.
  24. ^ Creedal Statements of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel. Accessed January 11, 2013.
  25. ^ ICFG Creedal Statements 1–3
  26. ^ III. The Fall of Man, ICFG Declaration of Faith.
  27. ^ ICFG Creedal Statements 9.
  28. ^ VI. Repentance and Acceptance and VII. The New Birth, ICFG Declaration of Faith.
  29. ^ ICFG Creedal Statements 24.
  30. ^ VIII. Daily Christian Life, ICFG Declaration of Faith.
  31. ^ ICFG Creedal Statements 25–27.
  32. ^ X. The Baptism of the Holy Spirit, ICFG Declaration of Faith.
  33. ^ XII. The Gifts and Fruit of the Spirit, ICFG Declaration of Faith.
  34. ^ XIV. Divine Healing, ICFG Declaration of Faith.
  35. ^ ICFG Creedal Statements 36.
  36. ^ IX. Water Baptism and the Lord's Supper, ICFG Declaration of Faith.
  37. ^ ICFG Creedal Statements 14 and 23.
  38. ^ ICFG Creedal Statements 10, 11, 21.
  39. ^ "International Church of the Foursquare Gospel". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2012.
  40. ^ Foursquare Church Bylaws 2012 edition, Article V 5.5, p. 7.
  41. ^ Foursquare Church Bylaws, Article XVIIII, p. 46.
  42. ^ Foursquare Church Bylaws, Article VI, pp. 9–12.
  43. ^ Foursquare Church Bylaws, Article III 3.3, p. 3.
  44. ^ Foursquare Church Bylaws, Article III 3.8 A–B, p. 4.
  45. ^ Foursquare Church Bylaws, Article III 3.8 C, p. 5.
  46. ^ "2008 Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches". The National Council of Churches. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
  47. ^ "Foursquare 2023 Annual Cabinet Report" (PDF). March 30, 2023.
  48. ^ a b "2000 Religious Congregations and Membership Study". Glenmary Research Center. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
  49. ^ "Iglesia cuadrangular central celebra hoy sus bodas de oro". Ecuador. 2012.
  50. ^ E. Scott Reckard, "2 Church Officials Resign", Los Angeles Times, March 18, 2004
  51. ^ David Ng and Mike Boehm, "Broadway flop 'Scandalous' a costly investment for Foursquare Church", Los Angeles Times, February 14, 2013

Further reading

  • Epstein, Daniel Mark. Sister Aimee
  • Foursquare Gospel Publications. The Foursquare Church Annual Report 2006.
  • Glenmary Research Center. Religious Congregations & Membership in the United States (2000).
  • Mead, Frank S., Samuel S. Hill, and Craig D. Atwood. Handbook of Denominations in the United States.
  • Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). Encyclopedia of American Religions.
  • Van Cleave, Nathaniel M. The Vine and the Branches: A History of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foursquare_Church&oldid=1220758977"