Internet in Serbia
The Internet in Serbia is well developed. The
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2014) |
Introduction of the Internet
Linking of Yugoslavia into global electronic networks began at the end of the 1980s. The
The project of developing the academic network functioned within the project of developing the system of scientific-technological information (SNTIJ) and was managed by the University of Maribor and the institute Jožef Štefan from Ljubljana. These institutions took on the responsibility of organising the first .yu domain register between 1990 and 1991.
1990s
The development of the Internet in Serbia faced with very difficult circumstances, during the breakup of Yugoslavia. In the middle of 1992 the
After the
On 14 December 1995, Belgrade's Radio
Like Radio B92, Opennet strongly supported the Internet as a means of free expression and promoting tolerance and open communication. The Electronic Frontier Foundation honored Opennet's director Drazen Pantic as the EFF Pioneer for 1999, in recognition of his continued promotion of these values and of his contribution to the development of civil society in Yugoslavia. Opennet was also the first Yugoslav ISP to offer public Internet access in three computer centers, known as "Opennet classrooms", in Belgrade.
Shortly after Opennet started up, on 26 February 1996 the first commercial Yugoslav ISP, Beotel, established a 512 kbit/s satellite link with the Norwegian ISP Taide.net. In April 1996 another commercial provider started up with a local branch of EUnet International (now KPNQwest). It started with a 2 Mbit/s digital ground link with Amsterdam and remains the largest and strongest ISP in Serbia. At the beginning of April 2001 EUnet owned two satellite and ground Internet links with an overall capacity of 10 Mbit/s.
During the
2000s
Dial-up was the only way to access the Internet until the early 2000s, when several ISPs started to offer wireless access via unlicensed hardware. The equipment required for access was too expensive for most people (about 200 euros), so this type of connection was popular only in limited urban areas.
The situation changed in 2002 when Serbia Broadband (SBB), then a growing cable operator, approached subscribers with a cable Internet option of a tariff based 128 kbit/s access. As of 2019 SBB offers speeds up to 300 Mbit/s.
In 2005
Contemporary period
According to a survey conducted in 2015, there were 4.99 million Internet users, 71% of the population.[3] In 2012 Serbia ranked 44th in the world with 1.1 million Internet hosts.[4]
Internet access
Types of Internet access:[5]
Internet service providers
There are 212
The major Internet service providers are:[5]
- Telekom Srbija (FTTx, xDSL, mobile): 46% market share
- SBB (cable): 21%
- Yettel (mobile): 7%
- Ikom (cable): 3%
- A1: 3%
- PoštaNet (xDSL, cable): 3%
- Orion Telekom (FTTx): 3%
- Kopernikus (cable): 3%
- EUnet (xDSL): 2%
- Radijus Vektor (cable): 2%
- Other: 10%
Internet censorship and surveillance
There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet,
The constitution and law provides for
The constitution prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence. While the law requires the Ministry of Interior to obtain a court order before monitoring potential criminal activity and police to obtain a warrant before entering property except to save persons or possessions, police occasionally fail to respect these laws. Most observers believe authorities selectively monitor communications, eavesdrop on conversations, and read mail and e-mail. Human rights leaders also believe that authorities monitor their communications.[6]
The law obliges telecommunications operators to retain for one year data on the source and destination of a communication; the beginning, duration, and end of a communication; the type of communication; terminal equipment identification; and the location of the customer's mobile terminal equipment. While these data can be accessed by intelligence agencies without court permission, a court order is required to access the contents of these communications.[6]
See also
References
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2014) |
- This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.).
- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.
- This article incorporates text from the Country Report - Yugoslavia, by Slobodan Marković, 2001.
- ^ "National domains". 2 February 2015.
- ^ Baćević, Ljiljana J. "Razvoj Interneta u Jugoslaviji" [The development of the Internet in Yugoslavia] (PDF) (in Serbian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/repository/documents/00/02/25/86/IKT__2016_pres_s.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Communications: Serbia", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-08. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c d "Serbia", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2014.