Internet in France
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Internet in France has been available to the general public since 1994, but widespread Internet use did not take off until the mid-2000s. As of 31 December 2014, France had 26 million Internet broadband and high-speed connections on fixed networks. In 2014, 80.7% of French households (22.5 million households) had Internet access (47 million users in January 2015, according to Médiamétrie[1]), while 19.3% did not (5.4 million households, out of a total of 27.8 million households).[2]
In 2014, 82% of French people aged 12 and over had Internet access at home (even though only 77% used it), and 64% of French people aged 12 years and older connected daily to the Internet from home. Considering all connections locations (not only the home), 83% of French people were Internet users.[3]
In metropolitan
Since around 2003, quotas have been seen as outdated and consequently all the fixed broadband internet offers in France are unmetered.
History
The
The
Public dialup information, messaging and e-commerce services, were pioneered through Minitel, launched in 1982, which provided videotex, information and services, for users in their homes.[9] Minitel was the world's most successful online service prior to the World Wide Web.[citation needed]
FNET, the French branch of EUnet, converted from UUCP to TCP/IP in 1986.[10]
During the summer of 1988, the INRIA connected its
In 1992, almost simultaneously, French Data Network and Altern (via the Minitel service 3616 ALTERN) enabled the general public to connect to the Internet. Access to the World Wide Web did not yet exist at the time and the services offered were email, the news of the Usenet network, access to many software archives documentation, and access to Internet network machines.
RENATER was the first network for research and higher education in France to use the Internet protocol suite in 1993. Initially, the Internet was only available to a small number of users in a few companies and universities.
AOL was a success in France between 1996 and 2000 through its widely-distributed free CDs, with attractive prices for low speeds.
The general public began to have access to Internet starting from 1994. The first real public
In 2007,
Lines
On 3 December 2008, France had 16.3 million
"Zones Blanches" in France
An estimated 500,000 households in rural areas are unable to be reached for ADSL connection, and must access Internet through other means, such
To reduce the
Domain Names in France
The
Other domain names exist, such as .gf for French Guiana, .nc for New Caledonia, .mq for Martinique, .yt for Mayotte, .pf for French Polynesia, .gp for Guadeloupe, .tf for French Southern and Antarctic Lands or .eu for the European Union.
ADSL market
Consumer access to digital networks started in France earlier than in other countries with the
In June 2009 France occupied the third place in the number of households in European connected to Internet, behind Germany and the United Kingdom.
France seeks to reach universal broadband coverage by 2017.[19]
ADSL Market Actors
Of 25 million subscribers, the major Internet service providers (ISPs) in France are:[20]
- Orange40% market share, or 10.354 million subscribers as of 31 December 2014.
- Free (group Iliad) (also including Alice): 5.868 million subscribers.
- SFR - Numericable: 6.577 million subscribers.
- Bouygues Telecom (group Bouygues): 2.428 million subscribers.
- Other (Alsatis NordNet, OVH Telecom, Prixtel, Budget Telecom, Coriolis Telecom, Vivéole (now Bigblu), FDN, Nerim, ... Magic OnLine): 6.57% or 1.27 million subscribers.
The legal context in France allows associations to form themselves into non-profit ISP. There are well over a dozen such ISPs associations in France, the main one being the French Data Network and a federation of associative internet providers, the Federation FDN.
ADSL offers
The market is oriented towards stopping the price war, and offering more services at a price going from €20 to €38:
- maximum throughput permitted by the line, either 24 Mbit/s (maximum of DSLAM.
- unlimited telephony to land lines in Europe, North America (even mobile phones), and a few dozens of other countries.
- television with the broadcasting of the young terrestrial digital TV and paid satellite TV.
Those triple play offers were initiated by Free with the Freebox modem, and are expanding to all major players, driving the French market.[21]
Bouygues Telecom lowered the first price of standard triple-play offers to €20 in February 2015.[22] Those prices are being attained with complete unbundling, saving the monthly €15 for the POTS subscription while retaining the triple play services. Those offers of naked DSL are also available in non-unbundled areas, and can lead to the economy of the traditional telephone subscription.[23][24]
ADSL technology
After selling the first
In December 2005,
Quadruple play, triple play with mobile communications, is available.
Around 2007, fixed broadband operators experimented
Other Technologies
France has seen the development of other types of networks applications, such as
Anti-piracy law
In May 2009, a bill was approved by the
See also
References
- ^ "Médiamétrie - Communiqués de presse - Internet - l'Audience de l'Internet en France en janvier 2015". Archived from the original on 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
- ^ "Médiamétrie - Communiqués de presse - Comportements médias - Home Devices : 2ème vague de la nouvelle mesure des équipements multimédias de Médiamétrie". Archived from the original on 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
- ^ http://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/etude-CREDOC-diffusion-TIC-2014.pdf p. 77
- ^ Bouygues Telecom: guide des tarifs
- ^ Després, R. (1974). "RCP, THE EXPERIMENTAL PACKET-SWITCHED DATA TRANSMISSION SERVICE OF THE FRENCH PTT". Proceedings of ICCC 74. pp. 171–85. Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
- )
- S2CID 150309933.
- ^ "ARPANET is now 50 years old". www.inria.fr. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-11-10; "From the Arpanet to Internet in France : some milestones". www.inria.fr. 9 November 2020. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
- ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2022-04-15; "How France fell out of love with Minitel". The Independent. 2012-06-09. Retrieved 2022-04-15; "Minitel Explained — Everything You Need To Know". History Computer. 2022-01-16. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ^ ISBN 978-1317607656.
- ISBN 2-212-08855-8, 1995, page 10]
- ^ Andrianarisoa, Menjanirina (2 March 2012). "A brief history of the internet".
- ISBN 978-3-540-00559-9.
- ^ Gunderson, Steinar (24 October 2008). "Global IPv6 Statistics" (PDF). p. 20. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
- .
- ^ "3ème trimestre 2008 - Résultats provisoires". L'Observatoire de l’Internet haut débit (in French). Arcep. 2008-12-08.
- ^ "Le tableau de bord du 30 juin 2006". Observatoire dégroupage et bitstream (in French). ARCEP. 2006-08-30.
- ^ a map of departments that provide a grant to the satellite Internet access .
- ^ Pépin, Guénaël. "Bataille des opérateurs français sur la fibre optique". Le Monde.
- ^ Various sources - Summary PC INpact -france-19-million-subscribers-internet.htm November 2009 and March 2010, official statements Free, Vivendi to SFR / Neuf Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, [http : Orange //www.orange.com/fr_FR/presse/communiques/att00007060/CP_FY08_VF.pdf]
- ^ Reinhardt, Andy (2005-12-05). "The Telecom Exploits Of Iliad". European business. BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on December 3, 2005. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ^ Bouygues Telecom mise sur son offre triple-play à 19,99 euros pour casser les prix du marché on RTL
- ^ "Telephone line rental is now included in the Freebox subscription in non-unbundled areas" (PDF) (Press release). iliad. 2006-08-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-28. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
- ^ "the end of traditional telephone subscriptions in France" (Press release). Neuf Cegetel. 2006-08-17. Archived from the original on 2006-11-24. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
- ^ "Free est parvenu à délivrer grâce aux technologies DSL un débit maximum de 174 Mbit/s en réception et 18 Mbit/s en émission" (PDF) (Press release). Iliad. 2005-11-25. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ^ "Freebox TV is now multi-device enabled!" (PDF) (Press release). Iliad. 2005-12-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-28. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ^ "Freebox subscribers now have their own home media center" (PDF) (Press release). Iliad. 2005-06-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-23. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ^ "New HD Freebox Released" (PDF) (Press release). Iliad. 2006-04-19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-07-18. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ^ "Neuf Cegetel, leading the way in fixed/mobile convergence, is launching TWIN, the first GSM/WiFi hybrid telephone on the consumer market" (Press release). Neuf Cegetel. 2006-05-30. Archived from the original on 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ^ "France Telecom Launches the New Orange: a Single Brand for Internet, TV and Mobile, a Leading Brand In Opening Up Digital Services" (Press release). France Telecom. 2006-05-31. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ^ Free Assistance justifie la disparition de Freephonie au profit de Free Wifi Secure on Univers Freebox
- ^ Boogar, Liam (26 November 2012). "Sigfox's IoT Network already covers 80% of France". RudeBaguette. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ Bridges, Trista (27 May 2015). "[Interview] Guy Maugis, President of Bosch France "In the connectivity business, there is a new '3S': sensors, software, and services"". RudeBaguette. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ Lawson, Stephen. "IoT network will look to the skies for better coverage". PCWorld. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ Angel, Marina (20 February 2015). "Airbus embarque Sigfox et Sysmeca dans son projet Mustang". L'usine Digitale. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ Pfanner, Eric (2009-05-13). "France Approves Crackdown on Internet Piracy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "French net piracy bill signed off". BBC News. 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2010-05-05.