Interscope Records
Interscope Records Inc. | |
---|---|
Parent company | Universal Music Group (UMG) |
Founded | 1990[1] |
Founder | |
Distributor(s) |
|
Genre | Various |
Country of origin | United States |
Location | Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
Official website | interscope.com |
Interscope Records is an American
In 1992, Interscope acquired the exclusive rights to market and distribute releases from
Interscope's artist roster includes
History
1990–1995: Origins, early success, and joint ventures
In mid 1990, Ted Field began to build Interscope Records as a division of his film company,
Iovine and Field were introduced by Paul McGuinness, then U2's manager. After a series of negotiations led by David Geffen, they came to an agreement, and in 1990, Interscope Records was founded as a joint venture with Atlantic Records. In a 1997 article in Rolling Stone, David Wild wrote: "Interscope's start-up coincided with a period of incredible change in the music world. Nirvana had ushered in the alternative revolution... While the major labels were packed with rosters full of expensive veteran artists who had to redefine themselves for a new rock era, Interscope was in the business of signing new artists and could – as Iovine puts it – 'move on a dime.'"[8][9][10][11]
Based in Los Angeles, California in the Westwood neighborhood at an office building on 10900 Wilshire Boulevard, Interscope was run by "music men". It was a departure from the music industry practices of the 1970s and 1980s, when labels traditionally appointed lawyers and promotion executives to senior positions. A founding tenet of the label was that artists would have complete creative control.[4]
Interscope's first release was "
Interscope began to develop a significant presence in the genre of alternative rock in 1992. In addition to a second Primus album, the label released No Doubt's self-titled debut, Helmet's Meantime, 4 Non Blondes' Bigger, Better, Faster, More!, acquired and re-released Rocket from the Crypt's Circa: Now!, and, through a joint venture with TVT/Nothing Records, the Nine Inch Nails EP Broken. However, Interscope's success with alternative and rock music was eclipsed by controversy which began in September 1992, when Vice President Dan Quayle called on Interscope to withdraw 2Pacalypse Now, stating that it was responsible for the death of a Texas state trooper, who was shot to death in April by a suspect who allegedly was listening to the album on the tape deck of a stolen truck when he was stopped by the officer. The trooper's family filed a civil suit against Shakur and Interscope, claiming the record's violence-laden lyrics incite "imminent lawless action".[12][13]
Earlier in 1992, Interscope negotiated a $10-million deal with
By the end of the following year, The Chronic had sold almost 3 million copies. Snoop Dogg's debut Doggystyle had sold more than 800,000 copies in its first week alone, and Primus and 4 Non-Blondes had released records which hit the US Top 20. In 1993, with an estimated gross of $90 million, Interscope became profitable ahead of projections.[16][17]
Interscope further established its strength in the alternative and rock genres in 1994. A$2.5 million investment to establish a joint venture with
1995–2000: Gangsta rap controversy, acquisition by MCA, Aftermath and Shady
In May 1995, the controversy related to gangsta rap and explicit lyrics intensified as
Dre left Death Row in mid-1996 due to what was then reported as tension over the creative direction of the label, and founded
In November 1996, with records by Bush, Snoop Dogg, No Doubt, and Tupac Shakur, Interscope became the first label in 20 years to hold the top 4 positions on the Billboard charts. Six additional Interscope releases were in the Top 100. The label was frequently criticized for overspending on artist acquisitions and joint ventures, however, with revenue for 1996 estimated at $250 million, it operated at a profit.[26]
In 1996, MCA Music Entertainment was renamed
Iovine's assistant (and former intern) Dean Geistlinger saw Eminem perform at the Rap Olympics in Los Angeles in 1997 and passed Eminem's CD on to Iovine; Iovine, in turn, passed it on to Dre. In February 1999, Interscope and Aftermath released The Slim Shady LP.[28] The album entered the charts at number two, and won two Grammy Awards.[29] Later in 1999 Eminem and his manager, Paul Rosenberg, founded Shady Records.[30]
In 1998, Interscope signed a joint-venture deal with
On June 22, 1999, Interscope/Flip records released Limp Bizkit's second studio album Significant Other selling 643,874 copies in the first week. In the second week, it sold an additional 335,000 copies. It would go on to sell 7,000,000 copies in the US. Being certified 7x Platinum in 2001. It would go on to sell 16,000,000 copies worldwide.
By the close of the decade, Interscope sales accounted for nearly one-third of Seagram's 27% share of the U.S. music market. Records by Limp Bizkit, Eminem, Dre, Eve, Nine Inch Nails, Enrique Iglesias, Blackstreet, Smash Mouth and others generated an estimated $40 million in profit during the final six months of 1999.[31]
2000–2010: Departure of Field, DreamWorks, Cherrytree Records and Beats
Interscope/Shady released Eminem's
In 2001, Field resigned as co-chairman of Interscope to start a new label.[33] Described as an amicable parting, Field said he was "anxious to become an entrepreneur again." An agreement with Universal allowed Field to resign a year before his contract was set to expire.[34][35] Conversely, Whalley, Interscope's president since 1998, accepted the position of chairman of Warner Bros. Records in May 2000 and was not released from his Interscope contract until it expired in August 2001.[36]
Interscope/Shady released
On September 23, 2003, Interscope/Flip records released Limp Bizkit's fourth album Results May Vary, selling 325,000 copies in the first week. Debuting at No. 3 on Billboard 200, ending Limp's number 1 streak from their previous releases. It would go on to be certified Gold in 2003 and later Platinum in 2008. Ending Limp Bizkit's commercial peak, the album would be their lowest-selling of their career up to that point. The band would go in hiatus in 2006, after releasing The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1), their first EP and later their first greatest hits album called Greatest Hitz in 2005. They both would sell 2,000,000 and 3,500,000 for a combined total of 5,500,000 worldwide.
In November 2003, Universal Music Group acquired DreamWorks Records and in 2004 it was merged into Interscope Geffen A&M. The DreamWorks A&R staff was retained, and the label's artists were divided between Geffen and Interscope. Among others, Interscope inherited Blink-182, The All-American Rejects, and Nelly Furtado.[41]
In March 2005, Interscope launched
Four of Interscope's releases were in the top 10 of the year end sales charts in 2005:
In 2006, Dre and Iovine established
Lady Gaga's studio debut
2010–2020: Lady Gaga, Madonna, Eminem, departure of Iovine and appointment of John Janick
In June 2010 Eminem's Recovery entered the Billboard 200 at number one, his sixth album to do so. Born This Way by Lady Gaga was released in May 2011, and debuted at number one in 23 countries. In the US, with more than one million copies sold in its first week, it had the highest first-week album sales in five years. Four of the album's singles—"Born This Way", "Judas", "The Edge of Glory", and "You and I"—charted in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100.[48][49]
Interscope signed
In October 2012,
Six Interscope releases appeared in the Billboard year end album charts in 2014:
In October 2018, YG Entertainment teamed up with Interscope Records in a global partnership for Blackpink. Interscope and Universal Music Group would represent the girl group worldwide, outside of Asia.[60]
In May 2019, Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer signed with Interscope Records, following their departure from Capitol Records. On March 27, 2020, the band released their fourth studio album Calm. The album was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews from critics who praised the band's artistic growth and maturity.[61] The album charted in more than 25 countries on several charts,[citation needed] the album peaked in the top 10 on 17 charts and debuted atop the charts at number one in Australia,[62] the UK[63] and Scotland.[64]
Interscope became the flagship label of
Criticism and controversies
Album delays
Several artists have criticized Interscope for delaying albums. The label was embroiled in controversy over delaying the release of the singer Bilal's second album, Love for Sale, because of its creative direction.[65] Dr. Dre had assisted Bilal's production for the album in a limited role.[66] After it leaked in 2006, Interscope notoriously shelved the release indefinitely,[67] giving rise to rumors that the label had leaked it on purpose.[68]
In 2013, M.I.A. said her album Matangi was held because the label felt the record she turned in was "too positive" for her fans.[69] In 2010, rapper Eve left Interscope after a three-year delay of her album Lip Lock.[70] Blink-182, All Time Low, and 50 Cent have similarly criticized Interscope.[71]
Elton John
In discussing his 2006 album The Captain & the Kid with Cameron Crowe in Rolling Stone, Elton John said: "I was so furious with Interscope Records because they put it out and they dropped it. I had meetings in the South of France, and I said, 'I know this isn't a commercial album, I just want you to do your best,' and they dropped it like a fucking turd. It's probably why I didn't make another solo record. It was pure heartbreak."[72] John would later return to Interscope in the US in 2019.
Nine Inch Nails
In 2007, Nine Inch Nails frontman Trent Reznor criticized Universal Music Group for the inflated price of Year Zero in Australia. In an interview with the Herald Sun in Melbourne, he said that an employee of UMG stated that NIN had "a core audience that's gonna buy whatever we put out, so we can charge more...True fans will pay whatever."[73] Nine Inch Nails signed with Columbia Records in 2013.[74]
Die Antwoord
On November 7, 2011, it was reported that the South African hip hop/rave group
Kendrick Lamar and Top Dawg Entertainment
On March 15, 2015,
Alleged knowledge of Marilyn Manson sex abuse
In January 2023, a sex abuse lawsuit was filed alleging that Interscope and its now defunct subsidiary Nothing Records knew about sex abuse committed by Marilyn Manson against a girl in the 1990s when he was signed with Nothing Records.[81][82]
Legal issues
Rockit Cargo
In September 2011, it was reported by federal prosecutors that the Interscope Geffen A&M Records building was used by a drug-trafficking ring as a transport center.[83] The Drug Enforcement Administration inspected the year-long case and stated that the Los Angeles offices of Interscope Records were used for pickups and deliveries of hundreds of kilograms of cocaine in 2010 and 2011. Rock-It Cargo, a shipping company which has an immense list of musical clients, shipped music cases that allegedly contained drugs to New York City studios.[84] [85] Interscope Geffen A&M responded to the claims with a statement that read: "There is no evidence that any employee of UMG or Interscope Records had any involvement in the drug trafficking ring being prosecuted by that office, nor any knowledge of the contents of any of the packages that were purportedly shipped to its offices. Further, neither UMG nor Interscope Records are a subject or target of the investigation. UMG and Interscope will continue to cooperate with the United States Attorney's Office regarding this matter".[86]
Trauma and JCOR
In 1997, Trauma Records filed a $100 million lawsuit against Interscope that charged the company with fraud and the unfulfillment of a two-year promise to assign No Doubt to Trauma's roster. After a four-month dispute, the partnership was dissolved in an out-of-court agreement. Trauma Records principals reportedly received an additional $3 million; No Doubt remained with Interscope.[87]
In 2002, JCOR founder Jay Faires filed a $30 million breach-of-contract suit that alleged that Interscope had withheld millions of dollars in an effort to drive it out of business. Interscope responded that JCOR had hid its true financial position at the time it signed its distribution contract and had attempted to use Interscope's money to finance its business.[88]
Associated labels and imprints
- 222 Records (2014–present)
- A&M Records (1999–present; back catalog/credited)
- Aftermath Entertainment (1996–present)[89]
- Amaru Entertainment (1997–present)[90]
- Aswang Birthday Cake (2020–present)
- AWGE (2016–present)
- Billion Dollar Baby (2018–present)
- Darkroom Records (2016–present)
- Dirty Hit (2013–present)
- Dreamville Records (2014–present)[91]
- EarDrummers Entertainment (2013–present)
- GRT Records (2001–present; back catalog)
- HighUp Entertainment (2017–present)
- Interscope Films (2022–present)
- Interscope Miami (2021–present)[92]
- Janus Records (2001–present; back catalog)
- Kidinakorner Records(2011–present)
- Konichiwa Records (2007–present)
- LoveRenaissance(2017–present)
- Mad Love Records (2014–present)
- MCA Nashville (2003–present; co-owned with Universal Music Group Nashville and Decca Records)
- MODHAUS (2021- present)
- Opium (2020–present)
- Panda Funk (2015–present)
- PGLang (distribution for Kendrick Lamar releases) (2020–present)[93]
- Rule #1 Music (2017–present)
- Shady Records (1999–present)[94]
- Streamline Records (2007–present)[95]
- Jeon Somi's Korean releases) (2020–present)[96]
- Top Dawg Entertainment (distribution for Jay Rock and Schoolboy Q releases; formerly for Kendrick Lamar releases) (2012–present)[97]
- WakeOne (2014–present)
- YG Entertainment (distribution for Blackpink's Korean releases) (2018–present)[98]
Formerly associated labels and imprints
- 19 Recordings (2011–2014)
- A&M Octone Records (2007–2014)[99]
- Alamo Records (2016–2021; later acquired by Sony Music)[100]
- Almo Sounds (1998–2000; distribution and promotion[101] and then acquired the label, their roster and catalogue, from 2000)
- AM:PM Records (1999–2002)
- Atlantic Records (1990–1996; Distribution was ceased when MCA Inc. acquired the label's stake)
- Bad Boy Records (distribution for Last Train to Paris, Excuse My French, and Machine Gun Kelly releases) (2009–2015; later distributed by Epic Records)
- East West Records (1990–1996; a subsidiary of Atlantic, distributed Interscope until MCA acquired the label)
- Cherrytree Records(2005–2016)
- Clover Music (2017–2018)[59]
- Downtown Records (2016–2021; transferred to Geffen)
- DreamWorks Records (1999–2004; merged into Geffen and Interscope)[102]
- Death Row Records (1992–1997)[103]
- DGC Records (2007–2013)
- El Cartel Records (1997–2019)
- Kickball Records (2005–2006)[104]
- Insomniac Records (2014–2018; originally a joint-venture label between Interscope and Insomniac,[105] later spun-off into Insomniac Music Group[106])
- Interscope Latino Records (2009–2021)
- MediaPro Music (2011–2014; Lala Band releases only)
- PolyGram (1994–1996; joint venture with East West, merged with A&M in 1999)
- Star Trak Entertainment (2005–2015)
- Rockland Records (1998–2002)
- G-Unit Records (2003–2014)[107]
- Mosley Music Group (2006–2014)
- Nothing Records (1992–2007)
- Ruff Ryders Entertainment (1999–2010)
- Trauma Records (1993–2004)[108]
- will.i.am Music Group (1998–2021)
Artists
See also
- Interscope Records discography
- List of record labels
References
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- ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
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- ^ "How Interscope Miami is Reimagining a Global Approach to Latin Music". May 27, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
- ^ "Kendrick Lamar announces final TDE album". The Independent. August 20, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
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- ^ "Streamline Records". Interscope Records. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
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- ^ "Top Dawg Entertainment, Kendrick Lamar and Black Hippy Close Deal with Aftermath and Interscope". The FADER. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
- ^ Herman, Tamar (October 22, 2018). "BLACKPINK Sign With Interscope Records & UMG in Global Partnership With YG Entertainment". billboard. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ "A&M Octone Records". Interscope Records. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
- Sony Music Entertainment. June 22, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
- ^ Rosen, Craig (January 17, 1998). "Almo Inks Distrib. Deal with Interscope". Billboard. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
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- ^ Gowing, Liam (October 1, 2005). "Breaking Out". Spin. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
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External links
- Official website
- Interscope Records discography at Discogs