Irinjin

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Irinjin
Viceroy of Anatolia
In office
27 June 1305 – 31 July 1314
Preceded bySulamish
Succeeded byTimurtash
Viceroy of Diyar Bakr
In office
1316–1319
Preceded bySutay
Succeeded bySutay
Personal details
DiedJuly 1319
Soltaniyeh

Irinjin or Irenjin (Tibetan: རིན་ཆེན, fl. 1295 – c. 1319) was a powerful Kerait emir in Ilkhanate and a viceroy of Anatolia.

Life

He was a son of emir Sarija (his name could also be a misreading of George

Hulagu, Abaqa and Qonqurtai.[3] Another sister of his was Uruk Khatun, who was married to Arghun.[4] He emerged as Baydu's supporter when he released his son Kipchak from Gaykhatu
's court in 1295.

Rule in Anatolia

After accession of

Gilan.[7]

His rule in Anatolia was widely disapproved. In one occasion, he besieged a Turkish bey called Ilyas in

Leo III executed in 1307. After Armenian insurrection, Bilarghu had to flee to Irinjin in Sivas. After numerous complains from locals and his inability to answer Karamanid invasion of Konya, Irinjin was recalled from Anatolia
in 1314.

He again gained favour when Abu Sa'id inherited Ilkhanate throne in 1316. Abu Sa'id's new regent Sevinch appointed Irinjin to governorate of Diyar Bakr, but this soon changed after Sevinch's death in 1318. New regent Chupan while appointing his own son Timurtash in Irinjin's former post in Anatolia, recalled Amir Sutai to Diyar Bakr in 1318, leaving Irinjin out of Ilkhanate politics.

Revolt in 1319

Irinjin's rivalry with Chupan, led to his adjoin of

Khorasan, which led some researchers to believe revolt was indeed orchestrated by Abu Sa'id himself who wanted to get rid of Chupan. Qurumushi's 40.000 strong rebel army caught Chupan with his two sons and 2000 strong entourage unguarded near Georgia
and caused him to flee, this was when Irinjin openly joined the revolt.

When news of Chupan's defeat reached to Soltaniyeh, Irinjin's son and daughter agreed to plunder the belongings of Demasq Kaja, but was prevented from killing him by Ögrünch, Uyghur emir. Irinjin on his part, pillaged Timurtash's belongings in Anatolia. Rebel armies merged near Nakhchivan and set course to Abu Sa'id's main army soon later. Ilkhanate armies were commanded by Abu Sa'id himself on centre with Ögrünch and Chupan, while his Oirat uncles Ali Padshah and Muhammad was positioned on left wing. Right wing was commanded by Mahmud b. Esen Qutluq and Shayk Ali b. Ali Qushchi. On their part, Irinjin was commanding center on rebel side with his wife Princess Könchek, emir Toqmaq and his brother Aras were commanding left, while Qurumushi commanded right flank. A last second peace attempt by Qutluqshah, Irinjin's wife was in vain. A decisive battle was fought on 20 June 1319 near Mianeh with Ilkhanate victory. Irinjin was captured in vicinity of Kaghazkunan, near Khalkhal.

Aftermath

During trial at Soltaniyeh, Irinjin claimed that he was acting on Abu Sa'id's orders, a claim he rejected. He was executed in Soltaniyeh with a skewer driven up from his chin to brain. Irinjin's body was displayed for 2–3 days and his severed head was sent around Ilkhanate provinces. His 15-year-old son Vafadar were also decapitated, while his wife Könchek was trampled to death by horses. In total 36 emirs and 7 khatuns were executed, including Amir Toqmaq, Qurumishi, Princess Könchek (daughter of Tekuder) and Irinjin. Qutluqshah Khatun was spared and married off to Pulad Qiya, a brother of Amir Ordu Qiya. Shaykh Ali was already executed before battle.[11]

Religion

Irinjin was a Nestorian and likewise, had Christian family. His family was interred at Mar Shalita church of Maragheh, to which he donated a revenue of a village and prevented it from being converted to a mosque.[12] He was also reported to be a close friend of Mar Yahballaha III.

Family

He was married to Tekuder's daughter Könchek Khatun (d. 1319) and had more wives including a certain Sarijah with whom he had several offsprings:

  1. Shaykh Ali (d. 1319) — married to a daughter of Essen Qutluqh on 28 April 1305
  2. Qutluqshah Khatun — betrothed 18 March 1305, m. 20 June 1305 to Öljaitü, then Pulad Qiya
  3. Tursin Khatun (d. 1324) — married to Demasq Kaja
  4. Vafadar (1304 - 1319)

Through his daughter Tursin Khatun, he became ancestor of

Jalayirids
on the maternal side.

References

  1. JSTOR 609314
    .
  2. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1g09twn.13
  3. ^ L. J. Ward, “The Ẓafar-nāmah of Ḥamd Allāh Mustaufi and the Il-Khān dynasty of Iran,” Ph.D. diss, p.204, University of Manchester, 1983.
  4. ^ Howorth, Henry H. (Henry Hoyle) (1876–1927). History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th century. Robarts - University of Toronto. London : Longmans, Green. pp. 346, 376.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1-139-05596-3
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-19-876859-3
    .
  7. ^ Ḥāfiz Abrū, Dhayl-i Jāmi‘al-Tawārīkh-i Rāshidī, ed. Khānbābā Bāyānī (Tehran: Āsār-i Millī, 1972), p. 73
  8. ISBN 978-605-155-233-0
    .
  9. ^ Melville, Charles P. "Abu Sa'id and the revolt of the amirs in 1319". L'Iran Face a la Domination Mongole, ed. D. Aigle, Tehran, 1997, Pp. 89-120.
  10. ISBN 978-1-108-34799-0
    .
  11. ^ Ta'rīkh-i Shaikh Uwais : (History of Shaikh Uais) : Am important source for the history of Adharbaijān in the fourteenth century. p. 53.
  12. JSTOR 26490826
    .
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