Baydu

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Baydu
Hulagu Khan.[3] He succeeded his cousin Gaykhatu as khan
of the Ilkhanate state in 1295.

Life

He was born in Mongolia to Taraqai and Qaraqcin.[4] His father was Hulagu's fifth son but he was killed by lightning strike on his way to Iran. Baydu and his mother arrived at Iran with Qutui Khatun's camp alongside Tekuder and other princes in 1269. Reportedly, he never commanded an army and was considered to be easy to be controlled by Mongol emirs.[5] He participated in Abaqa Khan's invasion of Syria in 1281.[6] During his predecessors reigns, he was a viceroy in Jazira.[7]

Under Gaykhatu

He was considered as one of candidates to

quriltai, Gaykhatu was enthroned instead.[9] Baydu stood stationed in Baghdad and even travelled to coronation feast of new khan Gaykhatu. However, after getting drunk Gaykhatu insulted Baydu telling one of his servants to hit Baydu. This grew a resentment in Baydu towards him. Baydu left hastily towards to his appanage near Baghdad leaving his son Qipchak as a hostage in Gaykhatu's court. He was supported by Oirat emir Chichak (son of Sulaimish b. Tengiz Güregen), Lagzi Küregen (son of Arghun Aqa), El-Temur (son of Hinduqur Noyan) and Todachu Yarquchi, who followed him to Baghdad. He was also aided by his vizier Jamal ud-Din Dastgerdani. According to Hamdullah Qazwini, Baydu's main motivation on moving against Gaykhatu was his sexual advances against Qipchak.[10]

Revolt

When son-in-law Ghurbatai Güregen brought him news of treachery, Gaykhatu ordered arrest of several amirs including his personal keshig Tuladai, Qoncuqbal, Tukal, Bughdai, including Kipchak and put into jail in Tabriz. While his followers Hasan and Taiju demanded their executions, Taghachar advised against it. Baydu on his side, moved to kill Muhammad Sugurchi, governor of Baghdad and arrested governor Baybuqa of Diyar Bakr. Gaykhatu sent his father-in-law Aq Buqa and Taghachar against Baydu on 17 March 1295, himself arriving at Tabriz 4 days later. Little he knew that Taghachar already shifted allegiance to Baydu who left for his encampment at night. While he wanted to flee to Anatolia, his councillors advised to fight against Baydu. Nevertheless, Gaykhatu fled to Mughan. Arriving in Tabriz, Taghachar set Qoncuqbal and Tuladai free, while Gaikhatu desperately begged for mercy. Despite his appeal, he was strangled by a bowstring so as to avoid bloodshed on 21 March 1295. However, some sources put this event on 5 March or 25 April.[8]

Reign

Baydu was considered easygoing and controllable, and under him, the Ilkhanate was divided among the co-conspirators.

Lorestan, while Qoncoqbal took Shiraz and Shabankara to himself Tukal went back to his ancestral lands in Georgia. Meanwhile, his mother-in-law Kurdujin Khatun was installed as governor of Kerman and had Padishah Khatun executed. Aq Buqa Jalair, chief commander of Gaykhatu was also killed[12] on demands of Qoncuqbal.[13]

Ghazan started to move against Baydu towards his headquarters in Azerbaijan. Baydu's forces commanded by Ildar Oghul (his cousin and Prince Ajay's son) met him near

Fars, Persian Iraq and Kerman. Nowruz denied conditions, which led to its arrest. According to an anecdote, he promised to bring Ghazan back tied-up on condition of his release. Once he reached Ghazan, he sent back a cauldron to Baydu; a word play on the Turkish word kazan
.

Nakhichevan[3][14] he was taken to Tabriz and executed on the 5 October 1295, ending the civil war with his successor.[6]
Relatives, including his son Qipchaq (d. 26 September 1295) and Ildar Oghul were also executed.

Personality

Baydu had strong sympathies to

Arghun Khan
, but refused out of affection.

A coin from the reign of Baydu with Uyghur script

Family

Baydu had three consorts, two of them from Qutlugkhanid dynasty:

Children

  • Qipchaq[22] — from Shah Alam Khatun,[23] executed together with his father:
    • Qipchaq
    • Muhammad
  • Ali;[22]
  • Muhammad;[22] with the daughter of Tuladai
  • Yol Qutlugh Khatun, married on 3 July 1295 to Qunchuqbal;[24]

Notes

  1. ^ William Bayne Fisher, J. A. Boyle, John Andrew Boyle, Ilya Gershevitch, Richard Nelson Frye, Peter Avery, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, Charles Peter Melville, Gavin Hambly, The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5 (1968), p. 379.
  2. ISBN 3-447-05396-8
    .
  3. ^ a b Stevens, John. The history of Persia. Containing, the lives and memorable actions of its kings from the first erecting of that monarchy to this time; an exact Description of all its Dominions; a curious Account of India, China, Tartary, Kermon, Arabia, Nixabur, and the Islands of Ceylon and Timor; as also of all Cities occasionally mention'd, as Schiras, Samarkand, Bokara, &c. Manners and Customs of those People, Persian Worshippers of Fire; Plants, Beasts, Product, and Trade. With many instructive and pleasant digressions, being remarkable Stories or Passages, occasionally occurring, as Strange Burials; Burning of the Dead; Liquors of several Countries; Hunting; Fishing; Practice of Physick; famous Physicians in the East; Actions of Tamerlan, &c. To which is added, an abridgment of the lives of the kings of Harmuz, or Ormuz. The Persian history written in Arabick, by Mirkond, a famous Eastern Author that of Ormuz, by Torunxa, King of that Island, both of them translated into Spanish, by Antony Teixeira, who liv'd several Years in Persia and India; and now render'd into English.
  4. ^ a b Atwood, p. 525.
  5. ^
    OCLC 959277759
    .
  6. ^ a b "BĀYDŪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  7. ISBN 978-1-136-80289-8
    .
  8. ^
    OCLC 865111740
    .
  9. ^ Atwood, p. 234
  10. ^ L. J. Ward, “The Ẓafar-nāmah of Ḥamd Allāh Mustaufi and the Il-Khān dynasty of Iran,” Ph.D. diss, 3 vols., University of Manchester, 1983, pp. 354-355
  11. ^ "The Monks of Kublai Khan". www.aina.org. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  12. ^ D.G.Maitland Muller - A STUDY AND TRANSLATION OF THE FIRST BOOK OF THE FIRST VOLUME OF "THE COMPENDIUM OF HISTORIES" BY RASHID AL-DIN FADL ALLAH CONCERNING THE TURKISH AND MONGOL TRIBES, p. 40
  13. ^ al-Ahrǐ, Abū Bakr al-Qutbī (1954). Ta'rikh-i Shaikh Uwais: (History of Shaikh Uwais) an important source for the history of Adharbaijān in the fourteenth century (in Arabic). Excelsior. p. 45.
  14. ^ Steppes, pp. 377–378.
  15. ^ Kamola, Stefan (2013-07-25). Rashīd al-Dīn and the making of history in Mongol Iran (Thesis thesis).
  16. ^ Jackson, p. 176.
  17. ISBN 978-1-86189-971-2
    .
  18. ^ Atwood, p. 253.
  19. OCLC 457145670
    .
  20. ^ Saunders, p. 135.
  21. ^
    ISBN 978-0-887-06133-2
    .
  22. ^
    OCLC 34067458
    .
  23. ISBN 978-3-447-05396-9
    .
  24. ^ Rashid al-Din Tabib (1999). Compendium of Chronicles. Harvard University. p. 622.

References

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Ilkhan

1295 		Succeeded by
Mahmud Ghazan
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