Italian Americans in the Civil War
Italian Americans in the Civil War are the
In the Union army
Shortly after the onset of war, several hundred officers and soldiers in the Italian army went to the American legation at Turin and volunteered to fight in the Union army. Because of financial constraints, the U.S. army accepted only some of these volunteers."[2]
Most of the Italian-Americans who joined the
Colonel Luigi Palma di Cesnola, a former Italian and British soldier and veteran of the Crimean War, commanded the 4th New York Cavalry and would rise to become one of the highest ranking Italian officer in the federal army.[4] He established a military school in New York City where many young Italians were trained and later served in the Union army. Di Cesnola received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Aldie.[5]
Two more famous examples were Francesco Casale and Luigi Tinelli, who were instrumental in the formation of the
At least 260 Italian Americans fought as sailors in the Union Navy.[7]
Giuseppe Garibaldi
At the outbreak of the American Civil War,
On September 18, 1861, Sanford sent the following reply to Seward:"He [Garibaldi] said that the only way in which he could render service, as he ardently desired to do, to the cause of the United States, was as Commander-in-chief of its forces, that he would only go as such, and with the additional contingent power—to be governed by events—of declaring the abolition of slavery; that he would be of little use without the first, and without the second it would appear like a civil war in which the world at large could have little interest or sympathy."[10]
According to Italian historian Petacco, "Garibaldi was ready to accept Lincoln's 1862 offer but on one condition: that the war's objective be declared as the abolition of slavery. But at that stage Lincoln was unwilling to make such a statement lest he worsen an agricultural crisis."
In the Confederate army
Several Italian American soldiers of the Confederate States Army were veterans from the Army of the Two Sicilies who had fought against Giuseppe Garibaldi in, and were captured during, the Expedition of the Thousand during the unification of Italy. They were released after a treaty between Garibaldi and Chatham Roberdeau Wheat. In December 1860 and few months of 1861, these volunteers were transported to New Orleans with the ships Elisabetta, Olyphant, Utile, Charles & Jane, Washington and Franklin.[14] Most Confederate Italian Americans had settled in Louisiana. The militia of Louisiana had an Italian Guards Battalion that became part of its 6th Regiment.[15] Following the protests of many soldiers, who did not feel like Italian citizens since they fought against the unification of Italy, it was renamed 6th Regiment, European Brigade in 1862.
There also were Italian companies within regiments from Louisiana, Virginia, Tennessee and Alabama; as well as parts of a company from South Carolina.
Among the Confederate officer corps, General William B. Taliaferro had some Italian ancestry as a son of the Taliaferro first family of Virginia, descended from Italians in England in the 1500s who settled the Colony of Virginia in the 1600s.[16][17] General P. G. T. Beauregard, a Louisiana Creole, had Italian ancestry via his mother Hélène Judith de Reggio, who hailed from a prominent first family of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana established in 1747 by her grandfather Francesco Maria de Reggio, an Italian nobleman of the House of Este.[18][19]
See also
- African Americans in the American Civil War
- German Americans in the American Civil War
- Hispanics in the American Civil War
- Irish Americans in the American Civil War
- Native Americans in the American Civil War
- Foreign enlistment in the American Civil War
References
- ^ NATIONAL ITALIAN AMERICAN FOUNDATION Archived 2013-05-20 at the Wayback Machine - Italian American Contributions.
- JSTOR 41330626. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ Belfiglio, p. 169
- ^ Belfiglio, p. 167
- ^ "LOUIS PALMA DI CESNOLA". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ Belfiglio, p. 167
- ISBN 9781934043806.
- ^ Belfiglio, p. 164.
- ^ Mack Smith, Denis, Garibaldi, Prentice-Hall, 1969, pp. 69–70
- ^ Mack Smith, p. 70
- ^ Carroll, Rory (2000-02-08). "Garibaldi asked by Lincoln to run army". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
- ^ David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, David J. Coles - "Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: a political, social, and military history" - Italian-Americans - W. W. Norton & Company, 2002, Page 1050. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
- ^ Mack Smith, p. 72
- ^ Italiani nella guerra civile americana
- ^ Lonn, Ella (2002). Foreigners in the Confederacy. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 113–115. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ Alduino, p. 294
- ^ Wagner, Anthony; Andrus, F.S. (1969). "The Origin of the Family of Taliaferro". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 77 (1): 22–25.
- OCLC 44521358.
- LCCN 55-7362.
External links
- "Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: a political, social, and military history" - Italian-Americans by David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, David J. Coles - W. W. Norton & Company, 2002, Page 1050.