House of Este
House of Este Casa d'Este Estensi | |
---|---|
Ercole III (Modena) (Massa & Carrara)Maria Beatrice | |
Titles | List
|
Connected families | |
Motto | Ab Insomni Non Custodita Dracone[5] (Unattended by the tireless dragon[6]) |
Heirlooms | Galleria Estense |
Estate(s) | Castello Estense (Ferrara) Ducal Palace (Modena) List
|
Dissolution | 1829 |
Cadet branches | cognatic) |
Branches | House of Welf (elder branch of the original House of Este) |
The House of Este (UK: /ˈɛsti/ EST-ee,[7] US: /ˈɛsteɪ/ EST-ay,[8][9] Italian: [ˈɛste]) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.
The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the
).The original House of Este's younger branch, which is simply called the House of Este, included rulers of Ferrara (1240–1597), and of Modena (–1859) and Reggio (1288–1796).[10] This branch's male line became extinct with the death of Ercole III in 1803.
Origins
According to
The first known member of the house was Margrave Adalbert of
- Elder Welfs. He inherited the property of his maternal uncle, Welf, Duke of Carinthia, became duke of Bavaria in 1070, and is the ancestor of the elder branch, the House of Welf.
- Maine, a legacy of his mother's dowry, but sold it one year later and died without heirs.
- Fulco I, Margrave of Milan (d. about 1128/35), the third son, is the ancestor of the younger Italian line of Este.
The two surviving branches, with Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria on the German (Welf dynasty) side, concluded an agreement in 1154 which allocated the family's Italian possessions to the younger line, the Fulc-Este, who in the course of time acquired Ferrara, Modena and Reggio. Este itself was taken over in 1275 by Padua, and in 1405 (together with Padua) by Venice.
Elder branch – Younger House of Welf
The elder branch of the original House of Este, known as the House of Welf (were also called Guelfs "Guelf" or "Guelph" which derives from the Italianized name for original “Welf”), produced dukes of
After the
The senior branch of the House of Welf continued to be ruled by the princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, as undisputed until the death of the ruling duke of Brunswick Prince William VIII, in 1884. Prior to his death, his brother Charles II from Geneva, as exiled de jure ruler of the house, had declared the Prussian annexation of the crown and the earlier Hanoverian usurpation absolutely illegal acts of usurpation inside of the German House. At his death, his grandson continued internationally recognized appeals. Hanover formed the Guelph Party (or German Party) to continue political appeals against the Prussian and German annexations of the crown.
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Arms of Great Britain (1714–1801)
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Heraldic achievement
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Version for Scotland
Younger branch – Margraves of Este
All later generations of the Italian branch are descendants of Fulco d'Este. From 1171 on, his descendants were titled Margraves of Este.
Obizzo I (d. 1193), the first margrave, battled against Emperor
The lordship of Ferrara was made hereditary by
in 1289. Ferrara was a papal fief and the Este family were given the position of hereditary papal vicars in 1332.Ferrara became a significant center of culture under Niccolò d'Este III (1384–1441), who received several popes with great magnificence, especially Eugene IV. He held a Council in Ferrara in 1438, later known as the Council of Florence.
His successors were his illegitimate sons Leonello (1407–1450) and Borso (1413–1471), who was elevated to Duke of Modena and Reggio by Emperor Frederick III in 1452, receiving these duchies as imperial fiefs. In 1471, he received the duchy of Ferrara as papal fief from Pope Paul II, for which occasion splendid frescoes were executed at Palazzo Schifanoia.
Borso was succeeded by a half-brother,
-
Ercole I d'Este
Ercole I's successor was his son
The son of Alfonso and
Alfonso II raised the glory of Ferrara to its highest point, continuing the patron of
The last duke,
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Castello Estense in Ferrara
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Ducal Palace in Modena, built in 1634 by Francesco I d’Este
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duke of Modena and Reggio
House of Habsburg-Este
Gallery
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The House of Este held the city Este until 1240, when they moved their capital to Ferrara
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Original Coat of Arms of Este 1239–1431
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Coat of Arms of Este 1431–1452
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Coat of arms of Este 1452–1471
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Coat of Arms of Este in 1471
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Coat of Arms of Este 1471–1535
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Coat of Arms of Este 1535–1741
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Coat of Arms of Este in 1741
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Coat of Arms of Austria-Este
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Arms of Austria-Este as borne byArchduke Franz Ferdinand
See also
- Bradamante and Ruggiero, legendary ancestors of the House of Este
- Duchy of Ferrara
- Duchy of Reggio
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio
- Duchy of Massa and Carrara
- Galleria Estense
- Ivan VI of Russia
- List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena
- List of members of the House of Este
References
- Marquis of Este was Fulco I's father Albert Azzo II, Fulco is considered the progenitor of the Italian branch of the dynasty,[3] while his brother Welf I the progenitor of the German line (See Younger House of Welf).[4]
- ^ a b Simeoni, Luigi; Canevazzi, Giovanni (1932). Treccani (ed.). Este (in Italian).
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ a b "House of Este". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ Treccani, ed. (1997). Folco (in Italian). Vol. XLVIII.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Treccani (ed.). "Guèlfi" (in Italian). Retrieved June 6, 2019.
- ^ "Una delle fatiche di Ercole, eroe preferito in casa d'Este". la Nuova Ferrara (in Italian). November 7, 2011.
- ^ Tausin, Henri (1878). Dictionnaire des Devises historiques et héraldiques. B. Dumoulin. p. 386.
- ^ "Este". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "Este". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "Este". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ISBN 978-1-84614-251-2.
- ^ The miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon Vol 3 page 172
- Alessandro Cont, "Sono nato principe libero, tale voglio conservarmi”: Francesco II d’Este (1660-1694), “Memorie Scientifiche, Giuridiche, Letterarie”, Accademia Nazionale di Scienze Lettere e Arti di Modena, ser. 8, 12 (2009), 2, pp. 407–459, https://www.academia.edu/6412388/_Sono_nato_principe_libero_tale_voglio_conservarmi_Francesco_II_dEste_1660-1694_
Further reading
- Trevor Dean, Land and Power in Late Medieval Ferrara: The Rule of the Este, 1350–1450.(Cambridge University Press) 1987.
External links
- Media related to House of Este at Wikimedia Commons
- Il Castello Estense: genealogical tree