J. F. X. O'Brien

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"James Francis Xavier O'Brien" redirects here. For the basketball coach, see Jim O'Brien (basketball, born 1952).

J. F. X. O'Brien
Member of Parliament
for South Mayo
In office
18 December 1885 – 7 August 1895
Member of Parliament
for Cork City
In office
7 August 1895 – 8 February 1906
President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
In office
1882–1891
Preceded byCharles Kickham
Succeeded byJohn O'Leary
Personal details
Born
James Francis Xavier O'Brien

(1828-10-13)October 13, 1828
Glasnevin cemetery, Dublin

James Francis Xavier (J. F. X.) O'Brien (13

nationalist Fenian revolutionary in the 1860s. He was later elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the Irish Parliamentary Party
.

Life

Early life

O'Brien's birthplace, Dungarvan, with blue plaque

O'Brien was born in Dungarvan, County Waterford to the merchant family of Timothy and Catherine O'Brien.[3]

Early Fenian activity

O'Brien was studying divinity in

St. John's College, Waterford when he became caught up in the Young Ireland rebellion of 1848. During the summer of 1849, he organised a new revolutionary secret society in Dungarvan. In September 1849, he participated an attack, organised by James Fintan Lalor, on Cappoquin police barracks and evaded arrest, [2] fleeing to Wales on one of his father's merchant ships for a number of months.[4]

In 1854 he won a scholarship to study medicine at

Queen's College, Galway. However, a year later he left for Paris, with his friend John O'Leary, where he continued his studies, attending the École de Médecine. Health problems did not allow him to graduate, however.[2] O'Brien was advised by Dominic Corrigan to take a holiday to warm climate for the sake of his health. In response, O'Brien elected to travel to New Orleans, Louisiana.[4]

In Louisiana

Upon his arrival to New Orleans, O'Brien was persuaded to participate in

James Stephens, and joined the Fenian Brotherhood.[2]

Following the outbreak of the

Confederate Army in New Orleans[5][4] However, this army work caused his civilian business to go bankrupt, and by November 1862 O'Brien was convinced that he should return to Ireland.[4]

Return to Ireland

In late 1862, he returned to Ireland, settling in

anti-clerical articles, although personally O'Brien was still a devout Catholic. When the Irish People and the Irish Republican Brotherhood's leadership were suppressed in September of 1865, O'Brien was forced underground for a number of months.[4]

During a meeting of Cork IRB in February 1867, O'Brien voted against

Mourneabbey, which surrendered. His group was later dispersed by a unit of British Army infantry and he was arrested near Kilmallock. In May 1867, he was tried for high treason, convicted, and sentenced to death, [2] the last man in Ireland to be given such a sentence. His sentence was commuted, and he was placed in solitary confinement for much of his sentence. He was released in 1869 as part of an amnesty for Fenians following a campaign by Charles Kickham.[2][5]

Following his release, O'Brien was made part of the IRB Supreme Council (and possibly its President). It was in this capacity that O'Brien drafted its constitution, which was adopted on 18 August 1869.[4] It was also in this capacity that O'Brien supported a plan to nominate Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa as a member of parliament. The idea was that if O'Donovan Rossa, who was already known to the public as a Fenian, was elected to as an MP, this would be highly embarrassing for the British state. O'Donovan Rossa was indeed elected on 25 November 1869, although later disqualified on 10 February 1870 due to his previous conviction for treason.[4]

By 1873, O'Brien was no longer a member of the IRB Supreme Council and had departed from the IRB.[6]

Electoral politics

Following his departure from the IRB, O'Brien had focused on commercial activity in Cork. However, in November 1885 was approached by none other than Charles Stewart Parnell, leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, with a proposition. Parnell had previously requested that the Irish National League withdraw the nomination of Pat Nally as their South Mayo candidate in an upcoming election. Nally had been previously arrested and convicted of participating in the "Crossmolina Riot", which had received national press coverage across the United Kingdom. The Mayo branch of the Irish National League wanted to make Nally an MP in protest but Parnell did not like the idea. Instead, Parnell wished to make O'Brien the MP for South MP, trading upon O'Brien's reputation as a Fenian rebel.[4] O'Brien agreed and became the MP to represent South Mayo from 1885 to 1895[7][4] and as Anti-Parnellite for Cork City from 1895 to 1905.[2] O'Brien was not very active in the Parliament, merely using his position to vote with the Irish Parliamentary Party. However, behind the scenes he held leading positions in the Irish Parliamentary Party as treasurer from 1886.

Following the split in the IPP over Parnell's affair with Mrs. O'Shea, O'Brien joined the anti-Parnellites in the Irish National Federation,[4] and was later the United Irish League of Great Britain (general secretary, 1900–1905).[2][5]

He died at his London residence (39 Gauden Road,

Glasnevin cemetery, Dublin.[2][4]

References

  1. ^ Mark F. Ryan, Fenian Memories, M. H. Gill and Son, Ltd, Dublin, 1945. Pg. 34
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j R. B. O'Brien, "O'Brien, James Francis Xavier (1828–1905)", rev. R. V. Comerford, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 17 February 2008. The 1912 version of this entry is available online here
  3. ^ R. B. O'Brien, "O'Brien, James Francis Xavier (1828–1905)", rev. R. V. Comerford, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 17 February 2008.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n McGee, Owen. "O'Brien, James Francis Xavier". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-520-06745-2
    , p. 80.
  6. ^ Owen McGee, The IRB: The Irish Republican Brotherhood From the Land League to Sinn Féin, Four Courts Press, 2005, p.143
  7. ^ "Rayment's Commons Page". Archived from the original on 10 August 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

Sources

  • Fenian Memories, Dr. Mark F. Ryan, M.H. Gill & Son, Ltd, Dublin, 1945
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency Member of Parliament for South Mayo
1885 – 1895 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Cork City
1895 – 1905
With: William O'Brien 1900–1904, 1904–1905 		Succeeded by
Other offices
Preceded by President of the
Irish Republican Brotherhood
c.1869 – c.'1872 		Succeeded by
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