James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran
James Hamilton | |
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Earl of Arran | |
James, 2nd Earl of Arran | |
Mother | Margaret Douglas |
James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran (1537–1609) was a
Birth and origins
James Hamilton may have been born in 1537 or 1538,
James's, mother, Margaret Douglas, descended from
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James listed among his brothers |
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He heads the list of his brothers as the eldest son:
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James's sisters |
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In 1542, James and his father were displaced in the royal succession by the birth of James V's daughter, Mary (the future Mary, Queen of Scots) - until James V died only six days later. James's father became regent for the baby queen.
Regent Arran's marriage plans
The Regent proposed various royal marriages for his son, who was second in line for the crown.
In March 1543, James V's widow,
Then in 1543 the Regent became
The Regent still wanted to marry Mary to James. His half-brother,
In 1546, a Protestant band seized St Andrews Castle and murdered the Cardinal. James was held prisoner. The Regent besieged St Andrews; the Protestants offered to give James to Henry VIII, in return for the help of an English fleet. Henry VIII was willing, but never actually sent the fleet.[25] On 14 August 1546, the Parliament of Scotland excluded James from the royal succession (he was then third) for the duration of his captivity.[26] Despite Henry's promises, the castle was finally taken with the help of French ships.[27]
Regent Arran now agreed to the marriage of Mary to the Dauphin Francis, son and heir of King Henry II of France, confirmed by the Treaty of Haddington. For arranging the marriage of Mary and Francis, the Regent was made Duke of Châtellerault, and James succeeded him as Earl of Arran. He would not inherit the French title, his father having forfeited it in 1559.[20]
In France
Queen Mary was sent to
James was admired in France. In 1549, the Emblemata, a collection of illustrated Latin proverbs and mottos compiled by Italian jurist Andrea Alciato appeared in a new French edition.[30] The Emblemes D'Alciat was dedicated to him.[31] One of Arran's personal devices was a heart pierced with an arrow pointing down.[32]
On 24 January 1553, the French royal armourer Bénédict Claye received an order for a suit of armour for James, to be delivered before 8 April 1553. The armour was decorated with engraved and gilded borders, and included a morion, a bourguignon, and accessories.[33]
In April 1548, Henry II offered Françoise, daughter of the
Queen Elizabeth
James' father gave up the Regency of Scotland in 1554, and thereafter followed a pro-English policy. It has been suggested that James was imprisoned in France as a Protestant in 1557–1558.
In 1559, Châtellerault and James openly declared themselves Protestants. James returned to Scotland escorted by English diplomat
Monsieur de Beaufort
When his father turned Protestant in June 1559, James was at his father's French estates at
Hamilton went first to Geneva, then to Zurich where he was the guest of
At the end of June 1559, Throckmorton wrote to Cecil describing how James had been unkindly handled in France. After James had left some of his Scots Guards had brawled with some French soldiers. One of the French commissioners charged with his arrest tried to apologise to Mary, Queen of Scots, as he was her close relation. Throckmorton heard that Mary had denounced James as an "arrant traitor," and he hoped that this news would advance pro-English policy in Scotland. Throckmorton hoped the Scottish bearer of the letter, Sandy Whytelaw, would do this, and though Whytelaw was not a friend of James's father, he would raise support for the marriage of James and Elizabeth.[48]
Although Elizabeth was personally sympathetic to James's plight, for English policy the rescue was a step towards the objective of ending the Auld Alliance, knowing that on Arran's return his father as 'second person' of the realm would become leader of the Lords of the Congregation. William Cecil acknowledged Chatelherault's thanks for the rescue, writing on 24 August 1559, "this one thing I covet, to have this isle well united in concord"[49]
The name used by James while travelling through England was "Monsieur de Beaufort".
Back in Scotland
James went first to the castle of
Lady Catherine Grey
In September 1560,
Arran was found to be enjoying the company of an Edinburgh merchant's daughter and daughter-in-law of Cuthbert Ramsay, Alison Craig or Craik.
Valiant and Stout in the Cause
James joined the Lords of the Congregation and fought tirelessly against the French and
The French ambassador in England, Gilles de Noailles, reported that the Scottish rebels had told Queen Elizabeth that if they were victorious Arran would become King of Scotland by consent of Scottish lords with England as its superior kingdom. Scotland would pay England an annual fee and Elizabeth would add the arms of Scotland to her heraldry.[69] A later English document of 1583 represents the possibility that the Scottish nobility were intent on making Arran King of Scotland, because of their dissatisfaction with Mary and her French links. The nobles were "fullie resolved to have deprived her of her government, and established the same in the eldest sonne of the Duke of Chatteleroy, the Erle of Arreyne, beinge then a gent of verie great hope and towardnes."[70]
In January 1560, at the request of Scottish Protestants,
Mary again
Following the death of Mary's husband Francis II of France in 1560, and the apparent failure of his English marriage plan of August 1560,[81] James's father again tried to marry his son to Mary[citation needed], as first suggested in their infancy. Mary resisted such efforts.
Mary returned to Scotland in August 1561. James was chosen a member of her council on her arrival, but took up a hostile attitude to the court in consequence of the practice of the Roman Catholic religion.[20] George Buchanan, who was unsympathetic to Mary, suggested that in November 1561, she exploited young Arran's real affection for her by spreading a rumour that he planned to abduct her from Holyrood Palace to his residence, Kinneil House, to justify strengthening the royal bodyguard.[82] Though James' father disputed the rumour, and Thomas Randolph's considering with this "great horlyburly without reason" the Queen "had never less occasion to fear, with so many papists then in the town", physical security was tightened at Holyrood.[83]
On 17 January 1562 Arran rode from Kinneil to
On 28 February 1562, fearing for Arran's mental health, Randolph wrote that he "is so drowned in dreams, and so feed himself with fantasies, that either men fear that he will fall into some dangerous and incurable sickness, or play one day some mad part that will bring himself to mischief".[87]
Arran had a mistress in Edinburgh, Alison Craik, who stayed in the house of a merchant Cuthbert Ramsay on the
Long twilight
The strain of all this activity caused a mental breakdown.
Arran's expenses at Edinburgh Castle, where he was kept by the Earl of Mar, were paid by Mary, Queen of Scots, from her income known as the "Thirds of Benefices". The cost was 40 shillings daily amounting to £732 Scots for a year. An account of his household expenses was kept by two of Mar's servants, the chaplain Andrew Hagy and Jerome Bowie.[94] Randolph described Arran in a letter to Cecil in January 1564, saying he inclined to solitariness, in dark rooms, with little company or talk, and was suspicious of all he met. He was also troubled with jaundice. He ate little, and spent most of his time in bed, without getting sound sleep. His father came to Edinburgh in January 1565 to ask Mary for his release. She visited Arran in the castle and kissed him, but he spoke few words as an apology to ask for forgiveness, and remained a prisoner.[95] Arran was released in April 1566 and went to Hamilton, sick and without the power of speech.[96] He was to remain within four miles of Hamilton Castle.[97]
His father died at Hamilton on 22 January 1575.[98] He inherited his father's estate, but because of his insanity, he was placed under the care of his brother John.[99] John and his other brother Claude, Abbot of Paisley kept Arran prisoner at Craignethan Castle, and though Henry Killigrew reported in August 1575 that if he were well-used and at liberty there was hope of recovery, he was never again allowed any freedom.[100]
His mother, Margaret Douglas, and aunts Elizabeth Douglas (the wife of Regent Morton) and Janet or Beatrix Douglas wife of Lord Maxwell, his sister Anne (mother of the Earl of Huntly), and youngest brother David were all also affected by mental ill-health. Thomas Randolph wrote that Arran "has twice before been in the same case," and his mother and aunts were "certain times or the most part of the year distempered with an unquiet humour."[101][102] Randolph's description of Arran's symptoms sound akin to modern diagnoses of mania and bipolar disorder although details of his psychological condition will remain unknown.
John and Claud were supporters of Mary Queen of Scots, and so in May 1579 the former Regent Morton seized Hamilton and Craignethan on the pretence of rescuing James from his imprisonment.[103] John and Claud fled to England, but Arran, his mother, and Lord David were taken to Linlithgow, and his estates were taken over by the government.[104] In 1581 his Earldom was taken by James Stewart (died 1595), but restored in 1585 along with his estates.[20] Little is recorded of James in these later years: he died in 1609.[105][106] and, as he was unmarried, his title passed to his nephew James, 2nd marquess.[20]
Timeline | ||
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Age | Date | Event |
0 | 1537 | Born, probably in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland.[1] |
4–5 | 1542, 14 Dec | Accession of King James V[107]
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10–11 | 1548, Aug | Sent with Queen Mary to France. |
24–25 | 1562 | Pronounced insane[89] |
29–30 | 1567, 24 Jul | Accession of King James VI of Scotland, succeeding Queen Mary I[108] |
37–38 | 1575, 22 Jan | Father died at Hamilton[98] and he succeeded as 3rd Earl of Arran, but as he is insane, John becomes earl de facto.[99] |
41–42 | 1579 | The earldom was declared forfeit and the privy council decided to arrest John and Claud Hamilton. |
65–66 | 1603, 24 Mar | Accession of Queen Elizabeth I[109]
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71–72 | 1609, Mar | Died[105] |
Ancestors
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Notes and references
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b Paul 1907, p. 368, line 34. "... who was born in 1537 or in 1538 as he was under twenty-three on 15 April 1560 when Randolph wrote to Cecil recommending his good qualities."
- ^ Bain 1898, p. 362, line 41. "I cannot recommend too much the 'vertu' of three noble young men, the eldest of which passes not 26 years ... those are Arran and Argyll, both under 23, the third is Lord James Steward ..."
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 31, says he was 57 in 1589.
- ^ Chisholm 1910, p. 878, line nine. "... the first authentic ancestor is one Walter FitzGilbert. He first appears in 1294–1295 ..."
- ^ Paul 1907, p. 341, line 12. "At a later but uncertain date he received the barony of Cadzow from King Robert ..."
- ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 221, line 31. "He m. [married], shortly before 23 Sep. 1532, Margaret 1st da. [daughter] of James (Douglas), Earl of Morton [S. [Scotland]], by Catherine illeg. da. of James IV."
- ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
- ^ Paul 1907, p. 369, line 11. "Gavin, styled second son ... appears to have died before August 1547 in his youth."
- ^ Debrett 1828, p. 443, line 10. "John, 2d son of the Duke of Chatelherault, succeeded on his father's death to the family estates ..."
- ^ Chatellherault's will, NAS ECC8/8/4
- ^ Burke 1869, p. 2, right column, line 37. "d. unm. [died unmarried] 1611."
- ^ Debrett 1828, p. 443, line 9. "Claud, ancestor of the marquess of Abercorn ..."
- ^ Dunlop 1890, p. 170, line 32. "Barbara, who married James, fourth lord Fleming, high chamberlain of Scotland."
- ^ a b Paul 1907, p. 370.
- ^ Dunlop 1890, p. 170, right column, line 37. "Jane, who married Hugh Montgomery, third earl of Eglintoun."
- ^ Dunlop 1890, p. 170, right column, line 36. "Anne who married George, fifth Earl of Huntly."
- ^ Dunlop 1890, p. 170, right column, line 34. "Margaret, who married Alexander, lord Gordon, eldest son of George, fourth earl of Huntly;"
- ^ Clifford, Arthur ed., Sadler State Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), p. 86.
- ^ Dickinson, Gladys, ed., Two Missions of de la Brosse (SHS: Edinburgh, 1942), pp. 40–41.
- ^ a b c d e f Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 643–644.
- ^ Hannay (1921), p.260: Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 8, p. 319.
- ^ Annie I. Cameron, Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine (SHS: Edinburgh, 1927), pp. 147-148.
- ^ Letters & Papers, Henry VIII, 20:2 (London, 1907), nos. 622, 927.
- ^ Hannay (1921), p. 260: Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 8, p. 440.
- ^ State Papers Henry VIII, vol. 5, (1836), 560–561, 565, 572, 576
- ^ Letters & Papers Henry VIII, vol. 21 part 1, (1908), no. 1456
- ^ Bonner, Elizabeth, 'The Recovery of St Andrews Castle in 1547', English Historical Review (June 1996), pp. 578–598, Bonner is dismissive of Arran's significance as a hostage at St Andrews, p. 597.
- ^ Marcus Merriman, The Rough Wooings (Tuckwell, East Linton, 2000), p. 309.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Spanish, vol. 9 (London, 1912), p. 269.
- ^ Alciati (1549), web presentation by Glasgow University, "Prefatory matter for Emblemes (1549)".
- ^ Bath, Michael, 'Alciato and the Earl of Arran', Emblematica. An Interdisciplinary Journal for Emblem Studies, 13 (2003), pp. 39-52.
- ^ Bain 1898, p. 286, line 26. "Signed: by a heart pierced by an arrow, point downward."
- ^ Cathérine Grodecki, Documents du Minutier Central des Notaires de Paris: Histoire de l'Art au XVIe siècle, 1540-1600, vol. 2 (Archives Nationales Paris, 1986), p. 279 no. 959.
- ^ Merriman, Marcus, The Rough Wooings (Tuckwell, 2000), pp. 301–302.
- ^ A. Labanoff, Lettres de Marie Stuart, vol. 1 (London: Dolman, 1852), pp. 42–43.
- ^ Durkan (1986), 159.
- ^ Durkan (1986), 160.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 215, 216.
- ^ Hastings-Robinson ed., The Zurich Letters 1558–1579 (Parker Society, Cambridge, 1842), pp. 82–83.
- ^ Adams, Simon ed., Household Accounts of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (Cambridge, 1995), p. 146 note.
- ^ David Reid, Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus, vol. 1 (Edinburgh: STS, 2005), pp. 135–136.
- ^ Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1814), pp. 605–606, Commission for the marriage, August 1560: HMC 11th Report & Appendix, part vi, Hamilton Manuscripts (London, 1887), p. 43.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol, 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), 223, 334.
- ^ Nicholas Throckmorton to Elizabeth, 27 July 1559, Forbes, Full View, vol. 1 (London, 1740), p. 173.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), 234.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth, vol. 1, no. 1274, 1290, 1293.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 375: Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth, vol. 2 (London, 1865), p. 33 fn: Teulet, Papiers, vol. 1, p. 357.
- ^ Joseph Stevenson, Calendar of State Papers Elizabeth: 1558-1559, vol. 1 (London, 1863), p. 340, no. 888: Patrick Forbes, A Full View of the Public Transactions of the Reign of Elizabeth, vol. 1 (London, 1740), p. 147.
- ^ Forbes, Full View, vol. 1 (London, 1740), 166: CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), 231, 241, no. 521: George Buchanan, trans. Aikman, History of Scotland, vol. 2 (Glasgow, 1827), pp. 414–5.
- ^ Arthur Clifford, Sadler State Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), pp. 422, 437, 447.
- ^ Hastings-Robinson ed., The Zurich Letters 1558–1579, vol. 1 (Cambridge, 1842), pp. 56–57, 79: Forbes, A Full View of the Public Transactions in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, vol. 1 (London, 1740), pp. 136, 147, 162, 166, 171, 183, 212.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), 215.
- ^ Arthur Clifford, Sadler State Papers, vol. 1 (Constable, Edinburgh, 1809), pp. 405, 435–436.
- ^ Clifford, Arthur ed., Sadler State Papers, vol. 1 (Constable: Edinburgh, 1809), 519, Sadler and Croft to Cecil, 25 October 1559.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 251
- ^ Dynfnallt Owen, ed., HMC 58, Manuscripts Marquess of Bath, vol. 5 (London, HMSO, 1980), p. 144
- ^ Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth, 1559–1560, Longman (1865), 24 note; 437 text has 'muffled.'
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 483.
- ^ David Laing, Works of John Knox, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1848), p. 315.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 582–583.
- ^ Sarah Carpenter, 'Masking and politics: the Alison Craik incident, Edinburgh 1561', Renaissance Studies, 21:5 (November, 2007), pp. 625–636.
- ^ Arthur Clifford, Sadler State Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh: Constable, 1809), 447
- ^ G. Dickinson, Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, ix, (1958), 'Report of De La Brosse and D'Oysel', 95 (in French)
- ^ HMC 11th Report & Appendix part VI, Hamilton Manuscripts (London, 1887), p. 223.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), 262
- ^ Alexander Laing, "An incident in the reformation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2010., Proceedings Society Antiquaries Scotland, vol. 11 (1874–76), 517–525,
- ^ G. Dickinson, 'Report of De La Brosse and D'Oysel', Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, IX (Edinburgh, 1958), p. 103.
- ^ Joseph Bain (1898). Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603, Vol. I A.D ... University of Michigan. p. 281.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth, vol. 2 (London, 1865), p. 251: Teulet, Papiers, vol. 1, 396.
- ^ C. Read, ed., Bardon Papers, (1909), p. 13, Conyers Read notes that there is little contemporary evidence of this plan to make Arran King.
- ^ Joseph Bain (1898). Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603, Vol. I A.D ... University of Michigan. p. 297.
- ^ Joseph Bain (1898). Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603, Vol. I A.D ... University of Michigan. p. 293.
- ^ Office, Great Britain Public Record (1865). Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth: 1559-1560. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green. p. 209.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. i (1898), 286, 287, 288, 300, 304, 308, 310.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth, (1559–60), 399–400.
- ^ McCrie, Thomas, Life of John Knox, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1814), 410–412, Appendix no. 18 'A Historie of the Estate of Scotland 1559–1566'.
- ^ Clifford, Arthur, ed., Sadler State Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), 709.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 349, 355
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 357, 364.
- ^ Keith, History of Scotland, vol. 3, 7–8.
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), 476.
- ^ Buchanan, George, trans. Aikman, James, History of Scotland, vol. 2 (Glasgow, 1827), pp 450–451 (Bk. XVII, cap XXIII)
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 574.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 597.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 603.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 605-6, 609.
- ^ Joseph Bain (1898). Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603, Vol. I A.D ... University of Michigan. p. 609.
- ^ David Laing, Works of John Knox, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1848), p. 315: David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (London, 1897), pp. 270-1 fn. 65: Sarah Carpenter, 'Masking and politics: the Alison Craik incident, Edinburgh 1561', Renaissance Studies, 21:5 (November, 2007), pp. 625-636.
- ^ a b Paul 1907, p. 369, line 4. "... Unhappily, in April 1562, he showed signs of disordered intellect, and was soon after pronounced insane."
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 614–615.
- ^ Buchanan, George, trans. Aikman, James, History of Scotland, vol. 2 (Glasgow, 1827), pp. 453–456, (Bk. XVII, cap. XXIX–XXX).
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), 616, 'inciderunt in foveam quam fecerunt.'
- ^ David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (London, 1897), p. 272 fn. 67.
- ^ Gordon Donaldson, Accounts of the Thirds of Benefices (Edinburgh, 1949), pp. 175-6.
- ^ Joseph Bain, CSP Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 34-5 no. 46, 116 no. 137.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 277: Marguerite Wood, 'The Imprisonment of the Earl of Arran', in Scottish Historical Review, vol. 24, no. 94 (January, 1927), pp. 116–122.
- ^ John Hill Burton, Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1545-1569, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. 452-4.
- ^ a b Paul 1907, p. 368, line 28. "... died at Hamilton on 22 January 1574-75."
- ^ a b Henderson 1890, p. 176, left column. "On the death of his father in 1575, he came into nominal possession of his estates, which were, however, administrated by his second brother, John ..."
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 179 no. 187.
- ^ Bain 1898, p. 615. "It is now said he has twice before been in the same case; and takes it of his mother ..."
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 31.
- ^ Marshall 2004, p. 836, left column. "Forfeated along with his brothers in 1579 for their support of Queen Mary, he lost his earldom to his cousin's son, Captain James Stewart in 1581."
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 5 (Edinburgh,1907), p. 338.
- ^ a b Cokayne 1910, p. 222, line 20. "He d. s.p. [died without issue], Mar. 1609, aged about 71."
- ^ Durkan, John, James, Third Earl of Arran, the Hidden Years, in Scottish Historical Review, Vol. LXV, 2, no. 180 (October 1986).
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 61, line 8. "Mary … acc. 14 Dec. 1542 ..."
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 61, line 16. "James VI … acc. 24 Jul. 1567 ..."
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 1. "James I ... acc. 24 Mar. 1603 ..."
Sources
- Bain, Joseph, ed. (1898). Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547–1603. Vol. I. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House. OCLC 1137227125. – 1547 to 1563
- OCLC 1045624502.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 878–879. – for Walter FitzGilbert
- OCLC 228661424. – Ab-Adam to Basing
- OCLC 54499602. – Scotland and Ireland
- OCLC 8544105.
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
- OCLC 8544105.
- Marshall, Rosalind K. (2004). "Hamilton, James, third earl of Arran (1537/8?–1609)". In ISBN 0-19-861374-1. (for Hamilton)
- OCLC 505064285. – Fife to Hyndford (for Duke of Hamilton)
Further reading and external links
- John Durkan, 'James, Third Earl of Arran, the Hidden Years', in Scottish Historical Review, Vol. LXV, 2, no. 180, October (1986)
- Robert Kerr Hannay, 'The Earl of Arran and Queen Mary' in Scottish Historical Review, vol. 18, Glasgow (1921), 258-276 (Internet archive)
- Hastings-Robinson, ed., Zurich Letters 1558–1579, vol. 1, Parker Society, Cambridge (1842) for 'Pamphilius', 'Crito', and 'Glycerium,' see pp. 82–83.
- Joseph Stevenson, Calendar of State Papers Elizabeth, 1558-1559, vol. 1, (London, 1863)
- Marguerite Wood, 'The Imprisonment of the Earl of Arran', Scottish Historical Review, 24:94 (January 1927), pp. 116–122.
- The Kinneil House 'Great Escape', short film by the Friends of Kinneil