Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
Hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz | |
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Krystyna Zborowska |
Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (
He played a major role, often as the top commander of the
Biography
Early life
Chodkiewicz was born around 1561 (exact date of his birth is unknown) as the son of
He started his military career soon after returning to the Commonwealth, raising a
Chodkiewicz subsequently assisted
War in the North
A year later, in 1601, Chodkiewicz accompanied Zamoyski north, to the
Yet this great victory was virtually fruitless, owing to the domestic dissensions; the
Wars in the East and South
Meanwhile, the
The Polish-Muscovite War had no sooner been ended by the
Chodkiewicz's body was transported to Kamianets-Podilskyi, where he was buried on 14 October 1621.[6] A few years later, in the summer of 1622, his widow arranged for exhumation, and Chodkiewicz was reburied in Ostroh in June that year.[6] In 1627 he was moved to a new chapel in Ostroh, where he reburied again.[6] His body was evacuated from Ostroh during the Khmelnytsky Uprising in 1648, and returned there in 1654.[6] It was reburied yet again in a new tomb in Ostroh in 1722.[6]
Assessment and remembrance
In 1937, Polish historian Wanda Dobrowolska, wrote in her Polish Biographical Dictionary entry on Chodkiewicz that he was one of the chief members of the "Great Hetman era", renowned for his talent as a strategist and organizer.[3] She notes that Chodkiewicz possessed an iron will, which he was able to impose on the troops under his command, and that he was an efficient commander, although more respected and feared than beloved by his troops.[3] Dobrowolska notes that he was an energetic and explosive antithesis of the composed Żółkiewski, another great hetman of this era, whom Chodkiewicz disliked and competed with throughout his life.[7]
Chodkiewicz was not particularly involved in the Commonwealth's politics, although his high office and wealth gave him significant influence; for the most part he used his political influence, and base of support in Lithuania, to gather support for his military plans, increase the armies' sizes, and personal gratifications.[7] His life was dominated by warfare, if not on the front lines, then on the political scene against other Lithuanian magnates, particularly the Radziwiłł family and the Sejm politicians whom he held responsible for not passing enough taxes to support the armies he wanted.[7]
Over his career he acquired significant wealth, and funded a number of churches and other prestigious buildings.
Some poems and other works praising him were written during his lifetime, and a religious work was dedicated to him by the Jesuit Piotr Skarga.[7] More works on Chodkiewicz were written in the years after his death.[7] He was one of Wacław Potocki's characters in his epic novel on the Khotyn war (Polish: Transakcja wojny chocimskiej), and he also appeared in the works of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz and Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, usually portrayed as a patriot and military genius.[6]
In 2021, commemorating the 400th anniversary of his death, a number of ceremonies were held in Lithuania. Firstly, a monument of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz was unveiled in a yard of the
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wanda Dobrowolska (1937). "Jan Karol Chodkiewicz". Polski Słownik Biograficzny, T. 3: Brożek Jan – Chwalczewski Franciszek (in Polish). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności – Skład Główny w Księgarniach Gebethnera i Wolffa. p. 363.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wanda Dobrowolska (1937). "Jan Karol Chodkiewicz". Polski Słownik Biograficzny, T. 3: Brożek Jan – Chwalczewski Franciszek (in Polish). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności – Skład Główny w Księgarniach Gebethnera i Wolffa. p. 364.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Wanda Dobrowolska (1937). "Jan Karol Chodkiewicz". Polski Słownik Biograficzny, T. 3: Brożek Jan – Chwalczewski Franciszek (in Polish). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności – Skład Główny w Księgarniach Gebethnera i Wolffa. p. 365.
- ISBN 978-83-11-08275-5. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-00-128802-4. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wanda Dobrowolska (1937). "Jan Karol Chodkiewicz". Polski Słownik Biograficzny, T. 3: Brożek Jan – Chwalczewski Franciszek (in Polish). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności – Skład Główny w Księgarniach Gebethnera i Wolffa. p. 367.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wanda Dobrowolska (1937). "Jan Karol Chodkiewicz". Polski Słownik Biograficzny, T. 3: Brożek Jan – Chwalczewski Franciszek (in Polish). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności – Skład Główny w Księgarniach Gebethnera i Wolffa. p. 366.
- ^ Lrt.lt(in Lithuanian). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Vilniuje atidengtas paminklas J.K.Chodkevičiui: inicijavo E.Jakilaičio vadovaujamas fondas". Žmonės.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- 15min.lt(in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ "Kretingoje - Jono Karolio Chodkevičiaus 400 mirties metinių iškilmės". AtviraKlaipeda.lt (in Lithuanian). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ "Kretingoje - Lietuvos didžiojo etmono Jono Karolio Chodkevičiaus 400-ųjų mirties metinių minėjimas ir kenotafo atidengimas". Ve.lt (in Lithuanian). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
Further reading
- Władysław Chomętowski (1875). Korrespondencye Jana Karola Chodkiewicza: poprzedzone opisem rękopismów z archiwum Radziwiłłowskiego (in Polish). Drukarnia J. Jaworskiegoi. OCLC 35803364.
- Adam Stanislaw Naruszewicz (1858). Żywot J. K. Chodkiewicza, wojewody wileńskiego, hetmana wielkiego W. Ks. Lit: Przez Adama Naruszewicza. Wydanie Kazimierza Józefa Turowskiego. [Jan Karol Chodkiewicz] (in Polish). Dzikowski.
- Leszek Podhorodecki (1982). Jan Karol Chodkiewicz: 1560–1621 (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. ISBN 978-83-11-06707-3.
- Artur Śliwiński (1922). Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, hetman wielki litewski (in Polish). Wydawn. M. Arcta.
External links
- (in Polish) Władysław Chomętowski, Korrespondencye Jana Karola Chodkiewicza poprzedzone opisem rękopismów z archiwum radziwiłłowskiego, znajdujących się w Bibliotece Ordynacyi Krasińskich połączonej z Muzeum Konstantego Świdzińskiego ("Correspondence of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz") 1875. Scan of public domain work available in the Podlaska Biblioteka Cyfrowa.
- Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 259–260.