Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson

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Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson
After Dark
BornJeffrey Lloyd Masson
(1941-03-28) March 28, 1941 (age 83)
NationalityAmerican
Alma materHarvard University
SubjectPsychoanalysis
Notable workThe Assault on Truth (1984)

Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson (/ˈmeɪsən/;[1] born March 28, 1941, as Jeffrey Lloyd Masson) is an American author. Masson is best known for his conclusions about Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis. In his The Assault on Truth (1984), Masson argues that Freud may have abandoned his seduction theory because he feared that granting the truth of his female patients' claims (that they had been sexually abused) would hinder the acceptance of his psychoanalytic methods. Masson is a veganism advocate and has written about animal rights.[2]

Early life

Jeffrey Masson is the son of Jacques Masson, a Frenchman of

Orthodox Jewish family. Both of his parents were followers of the guru Paul Brunton.[3] Masson's mother later became a follower of mystic and philosopher John Levy.[4] During the 1940s and 1950s, Brunton often lived with them, eventually designating Masson as his heir apparent. In 1956, Diana and Jacques Masson moved to Uruguay because Brunton believed that a third world war
was imminent. Jeffrey and his sister Linda followed in 1959.

Studies

At Brunton's urging, Masson went to

University of Poona
.

Career

Masson taught Sanskrit and Indian Studies at the University of Toronto, 1969–80, reaching the rank of Professor. He has also held short term appointments at Brown University, the University of California, and the University of Michigan. From 1981 to 1992, he was a Research Associate, Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies, at the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently an Honorary Fellow in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.

Views on Freud's seduction theory

In 1970, Masson began studying to become a psychoanalyst at the Toronto Psychoanalytic Institute, completing a full clinical training course in 1978. His training analyst was Irvine Schiffer, a well-known Toronto analyst and author of books on the unconscious aspects of charisma and time. In 1990 Masson published an autobiographical book in which he accused Schiffer of cursing, being constantly late for sessions, and intimidating Masson when the latter complained about this issue.

The Fifth Estate.[6]

During this time, Masson befriended the psychoanalyst

history of psychoanalysis. In 1980 Masson was appointed Projects Director of the Freud Archives, with full access to Freud's correspondence and other unpublished papers. While perusing this material, Masson concluded that Freud might have rejected the seduction theory in order to advance the cause of psychoanalysis and to maintain his own place within the psychoanalytic inner circle, after a hostile response from the renowned sex-pathologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing and the rest of the Vienna Psychiatric Society in 1896 — "an icy reception from the jackasses," was the way Freud described it later to Fliess.[7]

In 1981, Masson's controversial conclusions were discussed in a series of New York Times articles by Ralph Blumenthal, to the dismay of the psychoanalytic establishment. Masson was subsequently dismissed from his position as project director of the Freud Archives and stripped of his membership in psychoanalytic professional societies. Masson was defended by Alice Miller[8] and Muriel Gardiner ("While striving not to take sides," Gardiner said, "I consider him a good and energetic worker and a worthwhile scholar").[9]

Masson later wrote several books critical of psychoanalysis, including The Assault on Truth: Freud's Suppression of the Seduction Theory. In the introduction to The Assault on Truth, Masson challenged his critics to address his arguments: "My pessimistic conclusions may possibly be wrong. The documents may in fact allow a very different reading."[10] Janet Malcolm interviewed Masson at length when writing her long New Yorker article on this controversy, which she later expanded into In the Freud Archives, a book that also dealt with Eissler and with Peter Swales.

In 1984 Masson sued The New Yorker, Janet Malcolm and the publisher Alfred A. Knopf for defamation, claiming that Malcolm had misquoted him. The ensuing trial drew considerable attention.[11] The U.S. district court ruled against Masson. In 1989 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco upheld the lower court's decision. “The Court of Appeals affirmed [...] that Malcolm had deliberately altered each quotation not found on the tape recordings, but nevertheless held that petitioner failed to raise a jury question of actual malice.” [12] Masson petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court, which reversed the Court of Appeals decision and sent the case back to trial by jury. The decade-long ten-million-dollar federal lawsuit came to a close in 1994 when the jury and the court again ruled in The New Yorker‘s favor.[13] Subsequent to the case, Janet Malcolm claimed to have found her handwritten notes indicating that Masson had lied in relation to the remaining disputed quotations, as he had lied in relation to quotations where there were recordings.[14][15]

Meanwhile, in 1985, Masson edited and translated Freud's complete correspondence with

Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris,[16] where Freud had studied with Charcot. Masson writes that the scientific community has been largely silent about his views, and that he suffered personal attacks once he deviated from the traditional views on the seduction theory and the history of psychoanalysis.[5] Both the traditional view and Masson's case against it are built on the account that Freud's seduction theory patients reported having been sexually abused in early childhood; several Freud scholars have disputed this account.[17]

Later work

Since the early 1990s, Masson has written a number of books on the emotional life of animals, one of which, When Elephants Weep, has been translated into 20 languages. He has explained this radical change in the subject of his writings as follows:

I'd written a whole series of books about psychiatry, and nobody bought them. Nobody liked them. Nobody. Psychiatrists hated them, and they were much too abstruse for the general public. It was very hard to make a living, and I thought, As long as I'm not making a living, I may as well write about something I really love: animals.[18]

In 2008, Masson became a Director of

Voiceless, the animal protection institute. "We are not encouraged, on a daily basis, to pay careful attention to the animals we eat. On the contrary, the meat, dairy, and egg industries all actively encourage us to give thought to our own immediate interest (taste, for example, or cheap food) but not to the real suffering involved ... The animals involved suffer agony because of our ignorance. The least we owe them is to lessen that ignorance".[19]

Masson also wrote a book about living in New Zealand, including an interview with Sir Edmund Hillary.[20]

Personal life

Masson is married to Leila Masson, a German

Catharine MacKinnon, who wrote the preface to his A Dark Science: Women, Sexuality, and Psychiatry in the Nineteenth Century.[22][23]

Masson became a vegan in 2004.[3] He is an animal rights activist.[2]

Name

Masson's great-grandfather

Bukharian Quarter in Jerusalem. His grandfather Henry Mousaieff changed his family name from Moussaieff to Masson. Masson changed his middle name from Lloyd to Moussaieff.[24]

Works

Reviews of his books

See also

References

  1. ^ "Jeffrey Masson, PhD, Discusses Gurus, Evil, Politics, and Freud's Seduction Theory | Nick Bryant". YouTube. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "About Jeff". Jeffreymasson.com. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  3. ^ a b c Konigsberg, Eric (14 April 2009). "A Man With Opinions on Food With a Face". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  4. ^ "John Levy: friend and contrary guru". Ods.nl. Archived from the original on 2020-05-31. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-201-52368-X
    .
  6. ^ Smith, Dinitia (March 22, 1993). "Love is Strange". New York. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  7. ^ "Did Freud's Isolation Lead Him to Reverse Theory on Neurosis?" by Ralph Blumenthal, The New York Times, August 25, 1981
  8. ^ PSYCHOLOGIE HEUTE, April 1987, P.21, 22: "Im Gegensatz zu manchen Interpreten, die, wie zum Beispiel Marianne Krüll, Marie Balmary oder Jeffrey Masson, Freuds Abkehr von der Wahrheit als Folge seiner Familiengeschichte deuten, sehe ich diesen Schritt als Folge und Ausdruck unserer jahrtausendealten kinderfeindlichen Tradition, in der wir auch heute noch leben. Die Ergebnisse der oben genannten historischen Forscher können trotzdem korrekt sein, aber ich meine, daß es Freud trotz der persönlichen Familiengeschichte möglich gewesen wäre, seiner Entdeckung treu zu bleiben, wenn die Gesellschaft als Ganzes nicht so kinderfeindlich gewesen wäre, wenn schon damals andere, freiere Erziehungsmuster denkbar gewesen wären. Doch zur Zeit Freuds war es noch absolut unmöglich, die Unschuld der Eltern in Frage zu stellen." Alice Miller in interview entitled Wie Psychotherapien das Kind verraten
  9. ^ "Freud Archives Research Chief Removed in Dispute Over Yale Talk" by Ralph Blumenthal, The New York Times November 9, 1981.
  10. ISBN 0-06-097457-5
    .
  11. ^ David Margolick (1994-11-03). "Psychoanalyst Loses Libel Suit Against a New Yorker Reporter". The New York Times.
  12. ^ "Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc. (89-1799), 501 U.S. 496 (1991)". Supreme Court/Cornell University Law School. 1991. Retrieved Oct 19, 2015.
  13. ^ "SMH article October 6, 2007". Smh.com.au. 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  14. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2020-08-12.
  15. ^ Lewis, Anthony, "Abroad at Home; Stranger Than Fiction," The New York Times, August 26, 1995
  16. ^ History of La Salpêtrière Archived January 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ Schimek, J. G. (1987). Fact and Fantasy in the Seduction Theory: a Historical Review. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, xxxv: 937-65; Israëls, H. and Schatzman, M. (1993) The Seduction Theory. History of Psychiatry, iv: 23-59; Esterson, A. (1998). Jeffrey Masson and Freud’s seduction theory: a new fable based on old myths. History of the Human Sciences, 11 (1), pp. 1-21; Esterson, A. (2001). The mythologizing of psychoanalytic history: deception and self deception in Freud's accounts of the seduction theory episode. History of Psychiatry, Vol. 12 (3), pp. 329-352; Eissler, K. R. (2001) Freud and the Seduction Theory: A Brief Love Affair. International Universities Press, pp. 107-117.
  18. ^ "Interviews — Jeffrey Masson". Powells.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  19. ^ "Voiceless, the animal protection institute".
  20. ^ Masson, J., "A Conversation with a Great Ordinary Kiwi: Sir Edmund Hillary," chapter 7 in Slipping into Paradise.
  21. ^ "Dr. Leila Masson". Leilamasson.com. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  22. New York. Vol. 26, no. 12. pp. 36–43. Retrieved 2010-02-14. (cover
    )
  23. ^ "Are women human?" by Stuart Jeffries, The Guardian, April 12, 2006.
  24. ISBN 0-16-048116-3
    .
  25. ^ "Table of Contents". Exoticindiaart.com. 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  26. ^ "San Francisco Psychoanalytic Society and Institute". Enotes.com. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  27. ^ Barry J. Landau. "Review". Pep-web.org. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  28. Tablet Magazine
    .

Further reading

External links

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