Ji Chaozhu

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In this Chinese name, the family name is Ji.
Ji Chaozhu
冀朝铸
Ji Chaozhu at Tiananmen Square in 2005
Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations for Department for Development Support and Management Services
In office
1991–1996
Secretary-GeneralJavier Pérez de Cuéllar
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Ambassador of China to the United Kingdom
In office
August 1987 – March 1991
Preceded byHu Dingyi
Succeeded byMa Yuzhen
Ambassador of China to Fiji
with accreditation as Ambassador to Kiribati & Vanuatu
In office
September 1985 – May 1987
Preceded byShen Zhiwei
Succeeded byXu Mingyuan
Personal details
Born(1929-07-30)July 30, 1929
Hanyu Pinyin
Jì Cháozhù

Ji Chaozhu (July 30, 1929 – April 29, 2020) was a Chinese English language diplomatic interpreter and diplomat who held diverse positions in the

historic 1972 visit to China
.

His memoir, The Man on Mao's Right,[3] was published in July 2008, by Random House.

Early years in U.S.

Ji was born on July 30, 1929, in

Fengyang, their family home, in 1937, at the outset of the Second Sino-Japanese War.[4] At the urging of Zhou Enlai, who had established relations with Chaoding in the mid-1920s, Ji's family came as refugees to New York City in 1939, when Ji was nine years old.[6]

Ji earned a high school diploma from Horace Mann-Lincoln High School (now known as Horace Mann School),[4] and attended Camp Rising Sun in 1944.[7] He was a sophomore at Harvard University in 1950 when the Korean War broke out, which saw his native homeland and his adopted country fight on opposite sides.[8] Ji described how he "was torn between [his] love for two countries", but knew that he "was fundamentally Chinese".[6]

Return to China

Ji left Harvard at the beginning of his junior year and returned to the newly formed

People's Republic of China.[9] When he could not join China's nuclear program, he studied chemistry at Tsinghua University in Beijing, [4][8] He was instead selected to be notetaker at the negotiations in Panmunjom that would eventually bring an end to the Korean War, due to his English-language skills.[4][6] After two years in Korea, he returned to Beijing where he was recruited to accompany Zhou to the 1954 Geneva Conference, and to the Bandung Conference in 1955 . For most of the next two decades, he was a close aide to Zhou, and a frequent interpreter for Mao, often appearing on Mao's right on the reviewing stand at Tiananmen Square during public celebrations when English-speaking dignitaries were present. He holds the distinction of having been interpreter for Mao Zedong's last two official visits with English-speaking dignitaries, in 1976, months before the chairman's death.[6]

Role in Sino-American relations

Ji at Zhou Enlai's right at President Richard Nixon's Arrival in Beijing, 1972

During his long career, Ji's first-hand knowledge of American culture made him a valuable member of the Chinese diplomatic corps. This was especially showcased during

President Nixon's visit to China
the following year.

Zhou Enlai chose Ji to join the first diplomatic mission to the U.S. in 1973 which established the PRC's first liaison office in Washington, and was subsequently assigned to its embassy staff in the US after full diplomatic relations were established. He served as principal interpreter for Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States in 1979. The New York Times observed how – from the time of Nixon's visit to China until Deng's visit to the US – Ji was the only person from either country capable of interpreting from English to Chinese. The newspaper consequently labelled him "The Indispensable Mr. Chi".[10] He was highly respected by US officials, so much so that in 1981, then-Secretary of State Alexander Haig specifically asked the PRC to send Ji to meet with Ronald Reagan in an attempt to defuse tensions between the two sides. This arose as a result of president's plans to sell sophisticated weapons to Taiwan. Ji met with every American president from Nixon to Clinton.[11][12]

Family and political life

In 1956, Ji married Wang Xiangtong,[6] an English translator working for the International Red Cross.[12] Both Ji and Wang experienced periodic political problems during the many purges and other upheavals that marked the Mao years. In spite of his close association with Zhou and Mao, Ji was considered suspect because he had been educated in the U.S., and an elder brother had stayed behind when Ji returned to China. Wang had a similar problem, as her father and mother had become separated at the end of the civil war when the Communists took control and the Nationalists fled to Taiwan. Her father and three brothers were stranded and could not return to the mainland, and her mother was in Beijing and could not leave. Ji was able to join the Chinese Communist Party in spite of his overseas connections, but Wang could not. They had two sons: Xiaotan lives in Beijing with his wife and a daughter, and Xiao-bin lives in the U.S., where he had attended high school and college while Ji was working in China's Washington embassy, and Wang was working at the United Nations.[12] In his final years, Ji divided his time between Beijing and the island of Hainan.[6]

Death

Ji Chaozhu died on April 29, 2020, at the age of 90 from an undisclosed illness.[4][13] News of his death was first announced by the China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in a brief notice to the Associated Press.[13]

Ambassadorial appointments

From 1985 to 1987, Ji was

Chinese Ambassador to Vanuatu.[14]

From 1987 to 1991 he was Ambassador to the Court of St James (United Kingdom).[14]

References

  1. ^ "Biographical Notes of Ambassador Ji Chaozhu". Embassy PRC United Kingdom. January 6, 2006. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2008.
  2. ISBN 978-1400065844
    .
  3. ^ "Ji Chaozhu - Penguin Random House". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Seelye, Katharine Q. (May 5, 2020). "Ji Chaozhu, Interpreter for China During Nixon's Trip, Dies at 90". The New York Times. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  5. ^ Dartmouth, University of Massachusetts. "Arts and Sciences Home". Umassd.edu. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Barboza, David (February 17, 2012). "The Man on Mao's Right, at the Center of History". The New York Times. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  7. ^ "Alumni". Louis August Jonas Foundation. Archived from the original on May 17, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  8. ^ a b Shi, Jiangtao (May 3, 2020). "Ji Chaozhu, Chinese diplomat who acted as bridge with US during historic thaw in relations, dies aged 91". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  9. ^ "Ji Chaozhu, Chinese diplomat and Mao Zedong's interpreter, dies at 90". Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  10. ^ "The Indispensable Mr. Chi". Nytimes.com. February 2, 1979. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  11. ^ "Interview: Veteran diplomat: Deng's U.S. visit "a historic decision"". People's Daily. January 30, 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  12. ^
    ISBN 9781588367198
    .
  13. ^ a b "Veteran Chinese diplomat and Mao Zedong's interpreter dies". ABC News. Associated Press. May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  14. ^ a b "Biographical Notes of Ambassador Ji Chaozhu". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on November 4, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2020.

Further reading

External links
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