Jiménez dynasty
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Jiménez | |
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Dissolution | 1234 |
The Jiménez dynasty, alternatively called the Jimena, the Sancha, the Banu Sancho, the Abarca or the Banu Abarca,
History
The first known member of the family, García Jiménez of Pamplona, is obscure, it being stated by the Códice de Roda that he was "king of another part of the kingdom" of Pamplona, presumably lord of part of Navarre beyond the area of direct control of the Íñiguez kings: probably the frontier areas of Álava and the western Pyrenees given the list of their landholdings preserved in a later charter. It was long believed that their origins lay in Gascony.[6]
In 905
Following the death of Sancho in 925, his brother
The latter only emancipated itself from Cordoban suzerainty during the reign of
The Kingdom of Navarre, passing to the eldest son
The Navarre branch of the dynasty went into eclipse when in 1076
The holdings of the family were briefly reunited when
The
Rulers
Emperors in bold. Date of assumption of imperial title in bold and parentheses.
Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling part | Consort | Notes | |
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García Jiménez | c.835 | c.850-885 | After 885 | Pamplona | Oneca of Sangüesa two children Dadildis of Pallars two children |
Sub- or co-king in a part of Garcia I Iñiguez and/or Fortún Garcés of Pamplona .
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Sancho I Abarca | c.860 | 905-925 | 10 December 925 | Pamplona | Toda Aznárez of Larraun six children |
Supplanted Fortun Garcés as king of Pamplona | |
Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona |
c.860 | 925-932/3 | 932/3 | Pamplona | Sancha Aznárez of Larraun three children |
Brother of Sancho I. He appears as prince or king, first acting alone, then along with his nephew, Garcia. | |
Toda Aznárez of Larraun (regent)
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2 January 876 | 925-933 | 15 October 958 | Pamplona | Sancho I of Pamplona six children |
Regent in name of her son. | |
Garcia Sánchez I | 919 | 933-970 | 22 February 970 | Pamplona | Andregoto Galíndez of Aragon c.935 (annulled 943) two children Teresa of León c.943 three children |
Minor son of Sancho I at the time of his father's death, he first appears a few years later as co-king with his uncle Jimena, then sole king under the regency of his mother. At his death the Kingdom of Viguera was created for his younger son. | |
Sancho II | 938 | 943-970 | 994 | Aragon | Urraca Fernández of Castile 962 four children |
Son of Garcia Sánchez I and Andregoto. | |
970-994 | Pamplona & Aragon | ||||||
Ramiro Garcés | c.945 | 970-981 | 9 July 981 | Viguera | Unknown two sons |
Son of Garcia Sánchez I and Teresa of León. First king of Viguera. | |
Sancho Ramírez | ? | 981-1002 | c.1002 | Viguera | Unknown a daughter? |
Left no male descendants and was succeeded by his brother. Possibly regent, or even king, of Pamplona 1000-1002 | |
Garcia Sánchez II the Trembling | 964 | 994-1000 | (29 July?) 1000 | Pamplona (994-1000) |
Jimena Fernández of Cea c.988 four children |
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Urraca Fernández of Castile (regent) | ? | 994-997 | 1007 | Aragon | Urraca Fernández of Castile 962 four children |
Daughter of Sancha Sánchez of Pamplona. Previously wife of Ordoño III of León and Ordoño IV of León .
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Gonzalo Sánchez | ? | 994-997 | 997 | Aragon | Unmarried | Son of Sancho II. Ruled under regency of his mother, probably died still a minor. | |
In 997 Aragon was reabsorbed in Pamplona | |||||||
Garcia Ramírez | ? | 1002-1025 | c.1025? | Viguera | Toda two children |
After his death with no male descendants, Viguera was reabsorbed in Pamplona. | |
In 997 Viguera was reabsorbed in Pamplona | |||||||
Jimena Fernández of Cea (regent) | c.970 | 1000-1014 | c.1045 | Pamplona & Aragon | Garcia Sánchez II c.988 four children |
Regent in name of her son, with her mother-in-law. | |
Sancho III the Great | c.992 | 1014-1035 (1034) |
18 October 1035 | Pamplona | Muniadona of Castile c.1011 five children |
His death precipitated a division of the historical Pamplona lands, a distribution that evolved into three Iberian kingdoms: Aragon, Navarre and Castile. | |
Ferdinand I the Great | 1016 | 1029-1037 1037-1065 (1056) |
27 December 1065 | Castile & León
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Sancha, Queen of León 1032 five children |
Younger son of Sancho III, he was named count of Castile by his father following the death of his maternal uncle in 1029. He merged this into the Kingdom of León, which he acquired in right of his wife Sancha in 1037. At his death he divided his kingdom into three for his sons, while naming his daughters suzereign over cities. | |
Garcia Sánchez III of Nájera | 1012 | 1035-1054 | 1 September 1054 | Pamplona | Stephanie of Foix 1038 Barcelona eight children |
Eldest legitimate son of Sancho III, received Pamplona and suzereignty over his brothers. | |
Gonzalo Sánchez | 1020 | 1035-1045 | 26 June 1045 | Sobrarbe & Ribagorza | Unmarried | Son of Sancho III, received the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza, which came from his mother, who had rights over those territories. Left no descendants, and his territories went to his half-brother Ramiro. | |
Sobrabe and Ribagorza were absorbed by Aragon | |||||||
Ramiro I | 1006/7 | 1035-1063 | 8 May 1063 | Aragon | Ermesinda of Foix c.1035 five children Agnes of Aquitaine I after 1049 no children |
Natural son of Sancho III, received lands in Aragon that he eventually expanded into a sub-kingdom through the absorption of his brother Gonzalo's counties. | |
Sancho IV the Noble | 1039 | 1054-1076 | 4 June 1076 | Pamplona | Plaisance of Normandy c.1068 three children |
Assassinated. He left a minor child, Garcia Sanchez, but he was considered not fit for the throne for his age, and the throne was given to the king of Aragon. | |
Sancho Ramírez (V of Pamplona) | 1042 | 1063-1076 1076-1094 |
4 June 1094 | Pamplona & Aragon
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Isabella of Urgell 1065 (annulled 1070) one child Felicia of Roucy 1076 three children |
Son of Ramiro I, was chosen as the new king of Pamplona in 1076, reuniting the kingdoms once more. | |
Sancho II the Strong
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1038/9 | 1065-1071 1071-1072 |
7 October 1072 | Castile Castile & León |
Alberta no children |
Son of Ferdinand I, from 1071 deposed his brothers and took briefly control of all the inheritance of his father, before he was assassinated. | |
Castile was reabsorbed in León | |||||||
Garcia II
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1042 | 1065-1071 | 21 March 1090 | Galicia | Unmarried | Son of Ferdinand I, from 1071 he was deposed by Sancho II and Alfonso; tried to return after Sancho's assassination, but Alfonso arrested and banished him to the Castle of Luna, where he eventually died many years later. | |
Galicia was reabsorbed in Castile, and then in León | |||||||
Alfonso VI the Brave
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1040 | 1065-1071 1072-1109 (1077) |
21 March 1090 | León León & Castile |
Agnes of Aquitaine 1073/4 no children Constance of Burgundy 1079 one child Bertha (of Savoy?) 25 November 1093 no children Isabel (Zaida?) c.1100 two (three?) children Beatrice 1108 no children |
Reunited the inheritance of his father and conquered Kingdom of Toledo, but his only surviving children were daughters. The kingdom went to eldest daughter Urraca, while the County of Portugal, given to his daughter Theresa and her husband, would become the Kingdom of Portugal a generation later.
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Peter I
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1068 | 1094-1104 | 28 December 1104 | Pamplona
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Agnes of Aquitaine 1086 Jaca two children Bertha (of Savoy II?) 1097 no children |
Son of Sancho Ramírez. His own children didn't survive him and he was succeeded by his brother Alfonso. | |
Theresa | 1080 | 1096-1128 | 11 November 1130 | Portugal | Henry of Burgundy 1096 six children |
Daughter of Alfonso VI, co-ruled in Portugal with her husband since 1096. Her ambition of reuniting the county with the old Afonso Henriques as a candidate for the comital throne. Deposed after her defeat at Battle of São Mamede in 1128.
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With the death of Teresa the line of the Jimena family died out in Portugal, which was inherited by Afonso Henriques, from the Portuguese House of Burgundy .
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Alfonso I the Battler | 1073 | 1104-1134 (1109) |
7 September 1134 | Pamplona
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Urraca I of León and Castile 1109 (annulled 1112) no children |
Died without children. Left his kingsdoms to the knightly orders, the nobility of the two kingdoms chose different scions of the Jimenez dynasty as their kings, separating the two kingdoms. | |
Urraca the Reckless
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April 1079 | 1109-1111 1109-1126 (1109) |
8 March 1126 | Galicia León & Castile |
Alfonso I of Aragon 1109 (annulled 1112) no children |
Daughter of Alfonso VI, abdicated from Galicia to her son in 1111. Her problematic marriage with Alfonso of Aragon brought many conflicts between the spouses, even after their separation in 1112. Those conflicts endured throughout her reign. | |
With the death of Urraca the line of the Jimenez family died out in León & Castile, which were inherited by House of Ivrea .
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Garcia V (Ramírez) the Restorer | ? | 1134-1150 | 21 November 1150 | Pamplona | León no children |
Grandson of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of Garcia Sánchez III of Pamplona. | |
Ramiro II the Monk | 24 April 1086 | 1134-1137 | 16 August 1157 | Aragon | Agnes of Aquitaine 13 November 1135 Jaca (annulled 1136/7) one child |
Last surviving son of Sancho Ramirez. Withdrawn from monastic life to inherit the throne, then as soon as his daughter was old enough to marry, he wed her to the Count of Barcelona, to whom he passed royal authority. | |
Sancho VI the Wise | 1133 | 1150-1194 | 27 June 1194 | Navarre | Sancha of Castile 2 June 1157 Carrión de los Condes six children |
He was the first monarch to adopt the title King of Navarre. | |
Petronilla I | 29 June/11 August 1136 | 1137-1164 | 15 October 1173 | Aragon | Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona August 1150 Lleida five children |
Petronila I of Aragon, only daughter of Ramiro II, got married with Ramon Berenguer IV, ruler of the count of Barcelona. The dynastic union in 1137 gave rise to the Crown of Aragon. Through the prenuptial agreement (Capitulaciones matrimoniales) under Aragonese law, Petronila I was the sole queen, while Ramon Berenguer IV only becoming consort princeps but not king nor proprietor of the Kingdom of Aragon. After his death, Petronila abdicated in 1164 to their son, Alfonso II of Aragon who continued the dynasty of House of Aragon and also inheritating the title of count of Barcelona following his father's House of Barcelona. After the abdication, she pursued a monastic life for herself.[7] | |
Sancho VII the Strong | 17 April 1154 | 1194-1234 | 7 April 1234 | Navarre | Constance of Toulouse 1195 (annulled 1200) no children |
Left no descendants. The Navarrese throne went to his French nephew, the count of Champagne. | |
With the death of Sancho VII the line of the Jimenez family died out in Navarre, which were inherited by House of Champagne . As Sancho VII was the last living member of the family at the time of his death, Jimena dynasty became extinct after his death.
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Family tree of the House of Jiménez
Íñigo king of Pamplona HOUSE OF ÍÑIGUEZ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
García king of Pamplona | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Athnar II count of Aragon | Onneca Garcés | Jiméno HOUSE OF JIMÉNES | (daughter) | Sancho | Fortún king of Pamplona | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Garcia co- or sub-king of Pamplona | Aznar count of Laron/Larraun | Onneca Fortúnez | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jiméno king of Pamplona | Sancha Aznares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Andregoto | Garcia I king of Pamplona, count of Aragon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sancho II king of Pamplona, count of Aragon | Ramiro king of Viguera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Garcia II king of Pamplona, count of Aragon | Gonzalo count of Aragon | Sancho king of Viguera | Garcia king of Viguera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sancho III king of Pamplona, count of Aragon | Muniadona countess of Castile HOUSE OF BENI MAMADUNA | Alfonso V king of León HOUSE OF ASTUR-LEÓN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(illeg.) Ramiro I king of Aragon HOUSE OF ARAGON | Garcia III king of Pamplona | Jiména | Bermundo III king of León | Ferdinand I king of Castile, León KINGDOM OF CASTILE-LEÓN | Sancha | Gonzalo count of Sobrabe & Ribagorza | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(illeg.) Sancho Ramírez, Count of Ribagorza | Sancho V king of Pamplona, king of Aragon | García Ramírez (bishop) | Sancho IV king of Pamplona | (illeg.) Sancho lord of Uncastillo | Ramiro lord of Calhorra | Sancho II king of Castile | Alfonso VI king of León | Garcia II king of Galicia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Garcia lord of Aivar & Atarès | Teresa countess of Portugal | Henry PORTUGUESE HOUSE OF BURGUNDY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pedro de Atarés | Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelon HOUSE OF BARCELONA | Petronilla I queen of Aragon | Garcia IV king of Navarre KINGDOM OF NAVARRE | Kings of Castille | Kings of Portugal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alfonso II king of Aragon count of Barcelona | Sancho VI king of Navarre | Henry count of Montescaglioso | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kings of Aragon | Sancho VII king of Navarre | Blanche regent of Navarre | Theobald III count of Campagne HOUSE OF BLOIS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ^ a b Alberto Cañada Juste, "¿Quién fue Sancho Abarca?, Príncipe de Viana, 73: 79–132.
- ISBN 9780198219453.
- ISBN 9780801492648.
- ^ Cañada Juste, Alberto (mayo-agosto 2011). «En los albores del reino ¿dinastía Íñiga?, ¿dinastía Jimena?». En Gobierno de Navarra, ed. Príncipe de Viana. ISSN 0032-8472. Consultado el 18 de octubre de 2014.
- ^ Anónimo (junio de 2010). «Liber regum (o Libro de las generaciones y linajes de los reyes». Cuadro genealógico simplificado de los linajes regios navarros. e-Spania. Consultado el 18 de octubre de 2014.
- ^ Roger Collins, The Basques (Blackwell, 1986), p. 163.
- ^ Henry Kamen, Empire: how Spain became a world power, 1492-1762, 2002:20.