John III of the Sedre
John III of the Sedre | |
---|---|
Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East | |
Church | Syriac Orthodox Church |
See | Antioch |
Installed | 631 |
Term ended | 648 |
Predecessor | Athanasius I Gammolo |
Successor | Theodore |
Personal details | |
Died | 14 December 648 |
Sainthood | |
Feast day | 14 December |
Venerated in | Syriac Orthodox Church |
John III of the Sedre
Biography
John was born at the village of Beth ‘Ellaya,[6] and became a monk at either the monastery of Gubo Baroyo, according to the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian,[7] or the monastery of Eusebona, as per Bar Hebraeus' Ecclesiastical History,[8] where he studied Greek, Syriac, and theology.[3] He was consecrated as a deacon,[6] and later became the syncellus (secretary) of the Patriarch Athanasius I Gammolo.[9]
At the conclusion of the
John succeeded Athanasius as patriarch of Antioch in 631 (AG 942),[2] and was consecrated by the archbishop Abraham of Nisibis.[8] 630/631 (AG 942) is given as the year of John's consecration by the histories of Elijah of Nisibis and Michael the Syrian,[11] whereas the Chronicle of Thomas the Presbyter gives 631/632 (AG 943),[12] and the Zuqnin Chronicle places it in 643/644 (AG 955).[11] Soon after his ascension to the patriarchal office, John witnessed the fall of Roman Syria and the Muslim conquest of the Levant.[3] At the onset of his tenure as patriarch,[5] John exchanged letters with the archbishop Marutha of Tikrit concurrent with the Muslim conquest of Persia, which allowed Marutha to inform John of the persecution of Syriac non-Chalcedonians in the Sasanian Empire by the Nestorian archbishop Barsauma in the 5th century.[13] Formerly, Syriac non-Chalcedonians in Iran had been prevented from corresponding with their coreligionists in the Roman Empire as they had been labelled as Roman sympathisers and spies by Nestorians.[13]
In a single manuscript titled Disputation of John and the Emir written in 874, it is detailed that John was summoned by an unnamed
John died on 14 December 648 (AG 960), and was buried at the Church of Saint Zoora at Amid.[11] John's death is placed in 648 (AG 960) by Michael the Syrian, the Chronicle of 819, and the Chronicle of 846, whilst the Zuqnin Chronicle gives 649/650 (AG 961).[11][17]
Works
John composed nine prayers of
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ Palmer (1990), p. 263.
- ^ a b Wilmshurst (2019), pp. 806–807.
- ^ a b c Barsoum (2003), p. 320.
- ^ James E. Walters (17 August 2016). "John of the Sedre". A Guide to Syriac Authors. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ a b Barsoum (2003), p. 322.
- ^ a b c Mazzola (2018), p. 358.
- ^ Chabot (1905), p. 449.
- ^ a b c Mazzola (2018), p. 248.
- ^ a b Teule (2011).
- ^ a b c d Ignatius Jacob III (2008), pp. 41–42.
- ^ a b c d Harrack (1999), p. 144.
- ^ Palmer (1993), p. xlviii.
- ^ a b Ignatius Jacob III (2008), pp. 31–32.
- ^ a b Roggema (2008), pp. 782–783.
- ^ a b Griffith (2005), p. 98.
- ^ a b c d e Barsoum (2003), p. 321.
- ^ Palmer (1993), p. xlix.
Bibliography
- Barsoum, Ephrem(2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press.
- Chabot, Jean-Baptiste, ed. (1905). Chronique de Michel le Syrien. Vol. III. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
- Hendrika Lena Murre-van den Berg; Theo Maarten van Lint (eds.). Redefining Christian Identity: Cultural Interaction in the Middle East Since the Rise of Islam. Peeters Publishers. pp. 91–127.
- Harrack, Amir (1999). The Chronicle of Zuqnin, Parts III and IV A.D. 488–775. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. ISBN 9780888442864.
- Ignatius Jacob III(2008). History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press.
- Mazzola, Marianna, ed. (2018). Bar 'Ebroyo's Ecclesiastical History : writing Church History in the 13th century Middle East. PSL Research University. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- Palmer, Andrew (1990). Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur Abdin. Cambridge University Press.
- Palmer, Andrew, ed. (1993). The Seventh Century in the West Syrian Chronicles. Liverpool University Press.
- Roggema, Barbara (2008). "The Disputation of John and Emir". In David Thomas; Barbara Roggema (eds.). Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History. Vol. 1. Brill. pp. 782–785.
- Teule, Herman G. B. (2011). "Yuḥanon of the Sedre". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- Wilmshurst, David (2019). "West Syrian patriarchs and maphrians". In Daniel King (ed.). The Syriac World. Routledge. pp. 806–813.