Komagataeibacter xylinus

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Komagataeibacter xylinus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Alphaproteobacteria
Order:
Rhodospirillales
Family:
Acetobacteraceae
Genus:
Komagataeibacter
Species:
K. xylinus
Binomial name
Komagataeibacter xylinus
(Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 2013
Synonyms[1]
  • "Bacterium xylinum" Brown 1886
  • Gluconoacetobacter xylinus (Brown 1886) Yamada et al 1998
  • Gluconacetobacter xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 1998
  • Acetobacter xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) Yamada 1984
  • Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum (Brown 1886) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • Acetobacter xylinum (Brown 1886) Yamada 1984
  • Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980
  • "Komagatabacter xylinus" (Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 2012

Komagataeibacter xylinus is a

species of bacteria best known for its ability to produce cellulose, specifically bacterial cellulose
.

History and taxonomy

The species was first described in 1886 by

genus Komagataeibacter, in 2012.[2][3][4] It is the type species of the genus.[1]

Genome and metabolism

K. xylinus is a member of the

Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that produce acetic acid during fermentation. K. xylinus is unusual among the group in also producing cellulose. Bacterial cellulose (also sometimes known as nanocellulose) is involved in the formation of biofilms.[2] It is chemically identical to plant cellulose, but has distinct physical structure and properties.[5]

The

kilobase pairs.[7]

Key genes related to cellulose production occur in the four-gene

cellulose synthase enzyme. All four genes are required for efficient cellulose production in vivo, although BcsA and BscB are sufficient in vitro. Several other genes in the K. xylinus genome are also involved in cellulose production and regulation, including a cellulase enzyme.[2]

Uses and significance

Red nata de coco in syrup from the Philippines

K. xylinus was used for a long time as a model organism for the study of cellulose production in plants. It is also studied in its own right to explore bacterial biofilm production, cell-cell communication, and other topics of interest.[2] Production of bacterial cellulose for industrial uses has been the subject of extensive research, but is limited by productivity and scalability.[5][8]

K. xylinus is found to be the main microorganism in the culture of Kombucha.[9]

K. xylinus is also traditionally used in the Philippines for the production of jelly-like nata de piña and nata de coco desserts, made from pineapple juice and coconut water, respectively. The former has been produced since the 18th century.[10][11]

References

  1. ^ a b "Komagataeibacter". List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  2. ^
    PMID 26077867
    .
  3. S2CID 256072970
    .
  4. PMID 23149685
    .
  5. ^
    S2CID 24555732
    .
  6. PMID 22123756
    .
  7. ^
    PMID 24556328
    .
  8. ^
    PMID 29674724
    .
  9. ^ Jankovic, I., & Stojanovic, M. (1994). Microbial and chemical composition, growth, therapeutical and antimicrobial characteristics of tea fungus. Mikrobiologija (Yugoslavia).
  10. S2CID 56381771
    .
  11. ISBN 9718538615. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komagataeibacter_xylinus&oldid=1198168664"