Korean Central Television

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the North Korean television service. For the TV station in Kansas City, Missouri, see KCTV.

Korean Central Television
조선중앙텔레비죤
MHz in Pyongyang)
DigitalDVB-T2
Video on demandManbang
Streaming media
kctv_elufa on Twitchkctv_elufa
NK NewsKCNA Watch
Korean Central Television
Chosŏn'gŭl
조선중앙텔레비죤
Hancha
朝鮮中央텔레비죤
Revised RomanizationJoseon Jungang Tellebijyon
McCune–ReischauerChosŏn Chungang T'ellebijyon

Korean Central Television (KCTV; Korean: 조선중앙텔레비죤; MR: Chosŏn Chungang T'ellebijyon) is a North Korean television service operated by the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee, a state-owned broadcaster in North Korea. It is broadcast terrestrially via the Pyongyang TV Tower in Moranbong-guyok, Pyongyang, streamed via the government-run internet television service Manbang, and also uplinked via satellite.

History

KCTV was established on 1 September 1953, as Pyongyang Television after the Korean War ended. Kim Il Sung personally envisioned that the time was ripe for television broadcasting in North Korea, but this was not yet to happen. Thus, the young service began an 8-year period of preparation for commencement of television broadcasts, with the help of the national government.

The station later was renamed as Central Television Broadcasting System in 1961, and conducted on 1 September the same year its first test broadcasts.

The CTBS-DPRK officially began operations on 3 March 1963, at 19:00 (7:00 pm)

KST based in Pyongyang
, broadcasting two hours between 19:00 until 21:00 KST on weekdays only, and then expanding to 4 and later 6 hours.

The network carried live the whole proceedings of the 5th Workers' Party of Korea Congress held on 1 October 1970.

The CTBS would later be renamed Korean Central Television (KCTV) and was officially relaunched at 17:00 local time on 3 January 1973 (the first working day in 1973 in North Korea). The broadcasting hours were only on weekdays (workdays in North Korea) and closed on weekends and national holidays.

On 1 July 1974, KCTV presented its first colour telecast, in preparation for the 7th Asian Games in Tehran. After occasional broadcasts, KCTV began full-time colour broadcasts on 1 September 1977. The first broadcast received via satellite television broadcasts was the opening ceremony of the 1980 Summer Olympics.

KCTV started broadcasting on national holidays on 1 March 1981. On national holidays, the broadcasting time of each station is the same as weekends save for major ones. The channel was the official host broadcaster of the 1989 13th World Festival of Youth and Students.

In September 2012, China Central Television (CCTV) announced that it had recently donated 5 million yuan in new broadcasting equipment to KCTV, which was to be used to improve its programming and prepare for digital television.[1][2]

By 2015, KCTV had been producing a growing number of programmes in the

in-vision continuity at sign-on and sign-off was presented in HD. All other programming was presented in windowboxed standard definition.[3][4]

Native broadcasts in 16:9 widescreen with stereophonic sound started on 4 December 2017, with KCTV being one of the last state-run broadcasters to do so, albeit several years after other developed and even developing nations have done so.[5]

Programming

As of May 2022, KCTV broadcasts for around 13 hours daily, from 09:00 to around 22:40.

Song of General Kim Jong-il".[7]

The station's output was dominated by propaganda programs focusing on the history and achievements of the ruling Korean Workers' Party, the Korean People's Army (KPA), its leaders, and the Juche ideology. Locally produced feature films, children's programs, theater, and patriotic musical shows and filmed theatre shows are also shown on the networks. On national holidays, military parades, musical performances and movies, plus more special programs are shown on KCTV with similar programming on its three other sister channels.

Occasionally, dubbed and ideologically safe foreign films and television from allied Russia and China are aired on the network during times of warmer relations with the countries. The Star and The Seventh Bullet were both featured, as was a Chinese television program on the life of Mao Anying from 2010.[8]

KCTV coverage of a concert celebrating Kim Il Sung's 110th Birthday at Kim Il Sung Square in 2022.

By December 2018, KCTV's programmes had begun to gain a more contemporary feel as opposed to the strictly authoritarian style used before, with more programming showcasing the North Korean people. Programmes were observed to have featured more

armchair in the Workers' Party headquarters, rather than from a podium in an assembly hall.[10] Western analysts felt that these shifts in tone were intended to make the programmes' production values more in line with international broadcasters (appealing to those that have managed to access such programmes), and to make them more appealing to younger audiences.[13][12][10][14]

KCTV has broadcast tape delayed airings of international sporting events in a condensed format. For instance, while the country has sub-licensed rights to the Olympic Games from the Seoul Broadcasting System (who serves as rights-holder for all of the Korean Peninsula), KCTV coverage of the 2020 Summer Olympics (which North Korea refused to send athletes to) began two days after the Games had ended, and it did not broadcast any coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea (despite North and South Korea entering as a unified team during the opening ceremonies, and fielding a unified team in women's ice hockey). Its coverage of the 2018 FIFA World Cup excluded matches involving Japan.[15][16] During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, KCTV coverage included all matches, barring a United States v Wales group stage game and the first three matches involving South Korea. The latter's Round of 16 match and loss to Brazil was the first time a game involving the South Korean team was broadcast in North Korea during the tournament. Pitch-side advertising of South Korean corporations Kia and Hyundai was initially censored within the first few days before being left unedited.[17] When KCTV aired a women's football match between North and South Korea as part of the 2022 Asian Games, the broadcaster referred to the South Korean team as "puppets".[18][19]

One of the few instances in which KCTV broadcasts live is during the annual New Year's Eve concert in Kim Il Sung Square, which was first televised in 2018. The concert is aired in two parts including a roughly 50-minute show from 11 p.m., with the second half comprising the raising of the North Korean flag, national anthem and fireworks display at midnight. In 2022, an edited version was broadcast later on New Year's Day, removing a segment showing an initial failed attempt at unfurling the flag.[20]

In May 2022, following the North's first reported cases of COVID-19 to the public, KCTV extended its broadcast day to begin at 9:00 a.m. daily. Previously, the channel began its broadcast day at 3:00 p.m., and only broadcast from 9:00 a.m. on Sundays, key national holidays, and every 1st, 11th and 21st of each month. This change has persisted as of July 2023.[6][7]

News operation

KCTV broadcasts daily news bulletins under the title Bodo (보도, 'News' or 'Report'), which serve as one of the main propaganda organs of the Workers' Party of Korea. The day-to-day activities of Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un take precedence over all other headlines, and are presented in a means consistent with other government propaganda. Stories covering the country's military and economy are also featured.[21][12][11][7] Weather reports aired on KCTV place Paektu Mountain, which the country claims to be the birthplace of Kim Jong Il, ahead of all other cities besides the capital of Pyongyang.[22]

North Korean newscasts are long known for being

death of Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il.[23][24][25]

Photo of the KCTV newscasters (2024)

By September 2012, after receiving new equipment from Chinese state broadcaster CCTV, KCTV introduced a refreshed set for its bulletins, which featured a new anchor desk and a video backdrop.

infographics (including 3D text overlaid into video footage), drone footage, and time-lapse video.[12][11]

KCTV may return to air or remain on-air past its usual sign-off time during special occasions and

block of films interspersed with the aforementioned updates. The following morning, KCTV broadcast extended coverage of the storm's arrival and impact, including live reports from Pyongyang and Nampo. No other coverage of Typhoon Bavi was seen during KCTV's main news bulletins until 28 August, when a story focused on Kim Jong Un's assessment of damage by the typhoon (as per the aforementioned precedence of his day-to-day activities).[7][26][27] A few weeks later, KCTV aired similar coverage of Typhoon Maysak and Typhoon Haishen, building upon the format it had used for the Typhoon Bavi coverage.[28][29]

Availability

The station began its first colour broadcasts on 1 July 1974, using the

Kaesŏng, Sinŭiju and Wŏnsan
.

In 2012, KCTV began experimental digital terrestrial television broadcasts, using the European DVB-T2 standard (in contrast to South Korea, which uses the American ATSC standard; to Japan, which uses its indigenously developed ISDB-T standard; and to China, which uses its indigenously developed DTMB standard).[30][31]

Outside North Korea

KCTV was broadcast free-to-air on Thaicom 5 until 25 February 2020, so with the appropriate equipment can be picked up in Southeast Asia, Australasia, Middle East, Africa and Europe.[32] In April 2015, KCTV expanded its satellite broadcast coverage in America and Europe via Intelsat 21.[33] On 18 January 2020, KCTV moved its satellite broadcast on ChinaSat 12 as the Thaicom 5 began experiencing technical difficulties around December 2019.[34]

Since March 2019, KCTV's satellite signal has been relayed with BISS encryption by Koreasat 5A—a South Korean satellite owned by KT Corporation—to allow media outlets and journalists based in Seoul to continue monitoring the channel. The relay was established after 5G NR wireless service began to interfere with the C-band signal.[35][36]

The daily KCTV news bulletin is also distributed online with Japanese subtitles through a Chongryon-supported website. In 2013, British broadcaster Channel 4 offered editions of the daily bulletin with English subtitles as part of its web series North Korea Uncovered.[37]

Test card

The EBU colour bars are shown when the broadcaster is not on air, except in the roughly half-hour period before startup, during which a modified test card is displayed with patriotic songs or classical musical works of the DPRK as background music. The test cards used were as follows:

  • First 4:3 test card used from at least the 1970s until the mid 1990s. Off-air photo from October 1994.
    First 4:3 test card used from at least the 1970s until the mid 1990s. Off-air photo from October 1994.
  • Former 4:3 test card used from the mid-1990s until 3 December 2017.
    Former 4:3 test card used from the mid-1990s until 3 December 2017.
  • 16:9 HD Test card in use since 4 December 2017.
    16:9 HD Test card in use since 4 December 2017.

See also

Sources

  1. ^ a b Williams, Martyn (1 October 2012). "China modernized North Korea's TV news". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  2. ^ a b Williams, Martyn (9 September 2012). "KCTV's evening news gets an update". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  3. ^ Williams, Martyn (19 January 2015). "KCTV launches HD satellite broadcasts". North Korean Tech. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  4. ^ "KCTV's slow move to high-definition, what's taking so long?". North Korean Tech. 15 May 2015. Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  5. ^ "North Korea's KCTV goes widescreen, stereo in big upgrade". North Korea Tech. 5 December 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  6. ^ a b Williams, Martyn (1 August 2022). "An expansion of KCTV broadcasting hours". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e Williams, Martyn (28 August 2020). "We Interrupt this Propaganda...A Dynamic 24 Hours on North Korean TV". 38 North. The Henry L. Stimson Center. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  8. ^ "KCTV airing multi-part Chinese drama series". 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  9. ^ a b Cho, Joohee (2 December 2018). "North Korea's state TV gets a quiet makeover, adding neon suits and smiles to newscasts best known for delivering the party line". ABC News. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  10. ^ a b c Williams, Martyn (13 January 2019). "Kim Jong Un's New Year's Address: The Art of Propaganda". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  11. ^ a b c Williams, Martyn (7 May 2019). "New graphics in regular use during North Korean TV's economic news segments". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d "With New Style And Graphics, North Korea Gives Propaganda A Makeover". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
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  14. ^ "North Korean propaganda gets makeover to appeal to youth". CNN. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
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  16. ^ Williams, Martyn (9 July 2018). "North Korean TV picks up World Cup from Round of 16". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  17. ^ Williams, Martyn (5 December 2022). "North Korean TV Coverage of the World Cup". North Korea Tech. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  18. ^ Reddy, Shreyas (3 October 2023). "North Korea hails women's soccer victory over South Korean 'puppets'". NK News. Retrieved 2 January 2024. State broadcaster Korean Central Television (KCTV) steered clear of the phrase "South Korea" in its coverage, referring to the ROK as "puppets" or "the puppet team."
  19. ^ Williams, Martyn [@martyn_williams] (5 October 2023). "I had to check my recording to believe this. In the Asian Games Women's match between North and South Korea, North Korean TV graphics labeled South Korea as '괴뢰,' or 'puppets.' They beat them 4-1 and went on to thrash Uzbekistan 8-0. Final is Friday where they face Japan" (Tweet). Retrieved 2 January 2024 – via Twitter.
  20. ^ Williams, Martyn (3 January 2022). "KCTV production of the New Year's Eve event". North Korea Tech. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  21. ^ Williams, Martyn (3 January 2019). "North Korean Media: KCTV's Coverage of Kim Jong Un's Diplomatic Push in 2018". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  22. ^ Williams, Martyn (29 April 2019). "KCTV refreshes its weather forecast presentation %". North Korea Tech. Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
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External links

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